吸力面翼刀高度对压气机环形叶栅流场的影响

为研究不同高度的吸力面翼刀对压气机环形叶栅流场结构及性能的影响,采用三维定常N-S方程和Realizablek-ε湍流模型,对CDA环形叶栅和同一叶展位置安装的4种不同高度吸力面翼刀的叶栅三维黏性流场进行数值模拟.结果表明:加装吸力面翼刀后,各方案叶栅端壁附近周向压力梯度减小,二次流动得到有效控制.各翼刀方案的叶展中部流动状况均较原型叶栅改善,分离线高度均显著降低.叶栅能量损失系数随吸力面翼刀高度的增加先减小后增大,在计算范围内,吸力面翼刀高度为3.3 mm的方案可较好控制环形叶栅内的二次流动.     

进口端壁不重合对跨音速透平叶栅端壁流动和传热特性影响的研究

为了评估燃气轮机燃烧室出口与透平第一级喷嘴导向叶栅端壁不重合对叶栅端壁热负荷分布和运行寿命的影响,采用商用 CFD 软件 ANSYS FLUENT 数值研究了进口端壁不重合度（进口后向台阶结构）对跨声速叶栅端壁流动和传热特性的影响规律。计算了进口湍流强度 Tu1 = 16%、出口马赫数 Ma2 = 0.85 时,2 种进口后向台阶高度（0 mm, 6.78 mm）下,跨音速叶栅端壁传热系数,并与实验结果进行了比较,验证了所提基于 RSM（Reynolds stress model）湍流模型数值方法的准确性。分析了 6 种进口后台阶高度（0 mm、1.5 mm、3 mm、5 mm、6.78 mm、10 mm）下的跨音速叶栅端壁热负荷分布、近端壁二次流结构、后台阶涡系发展和气动损失。研究结果表明：由于进口台阶结构的影响,在叶片前缘上游区域形成了显著的再附着涡、空腔涡和辅助涡等复杂的后台阶流涡系;后台阶流再附着涡系使叶片前缘上游区域形成显著的高传热区;随着进口台阶高度的增大,该高传热区控制面积和传热系数均逐渐增大,最大传热系数增大了 90%~160%,高传热区的位置逐渐向下游移动,形状逐渐由节距方向的“条形”演变为“C”字形,两端向叶栅通道内部迁移;进口台阶结构导致叶栅通道总压损失系数增大了 0.17%~0.45%,台阶高度为 3 mm 时,总压损失系数最大。     

非轴对称端壁成型及其对叶栅损失影响的数值研究

根据叶栅非轴对称端壁成型的基本原理，探讨了非轴对称端壁成型的技术，利用三角函数构建了叶栅非轴对称端壁的型面，对5种不同端壁的叶栅进行了数值模拟，并采用三维时均可压缩N-S方程组求解方法，对构建的非轴对称端壁的跨音速直列叶栅进行了数值研究．结果表明：采用非轴对称端壁可有效降低叶栅二次流损失，所建立的非轴对称端壁成型方法效果比较明显；成型过程中单峰幅值控制函数要明显优于双峰函数，单峰幅值控制函数中最大幅值约占5％叶高为宜，此时计算结果显示在叶栅128％轴向弦长处总压损失降低了约4．7％。     

非轴对称端壁成型技术的实验研究

通过风洞实验对三角函数非轴对称端壁成型法和压差非轴对称端壁成型法的效果进行了实验研究与考核.结果表明:与轴对称环形端壁相比,这2种非轴对称端壁使得总压损失系数都有不同程度的减小,在叶栅出口下游段距尾缘2 mm截面上,2套造型端壁流道的总压损失系数分别降低了7.78%和10.20%;在叶栅出口下游段距尾缘4 mm截面处,2套端壁造型流道的总压损失系数分别降低了9.70%和14.22%.实验还验证了2种端壁成型方法的有效性,采用这2种成型方法设计的叶栅流道能够降低叶栅的二次流流动损失,提高级效率.     

大负冲角下叶栅二次流特性的可视化实验研究

用表面油膜法在大负冲角下对透平叶栅的不同栅距、不同进气压力下的流场二次流特性及其涡系结构进行了可视化实验研究,分析了各个工况下叶栅端壁及叶栅型面的流动,揭示了在不同栅距及不同进气压力下叶栅的二次流特性,有助于对叶栅二次流在不同情况下的变化规律及其损失产生的原因作进一步的了解,文中观察到的流动现象是对以往叶栅二次流模型的补充和完善．     

进口端壁不重合对跨声速透平叶栅端壁流动和传热特性影响的研究

为了评估燃气轮机燃烧室出口与透平第一级喷嘴导向叶栅端壁不重合对叶栅端壁热负荷分布和运行寿命的影响,采用商用CFD软件ANSYS FLUENT数值研究了进口端壁不重合度(进口后向台阶结构)对跨声速叶栅端壁流动和传热特性的影响规律。计算了进口湍流强度Tu1=16%、出口马赫数Ma2=0.85时,2种进口后向台阶高度(0、6.78mm)下,跨声速叶栅端壁传热系数,并与实验结果进行了比较,验证了所提基于RSM(Reynolds stress model)湍流模型数值方法的准确性。分析了6种进口后台阶高度(0、1.5、3、5、6.78、10mm)下的跨声速叶栅端壁热负荷分布、近端壁二次流结构、后台阶涡系发展和气动损失。研究结果表明:由于进口台阶结构的影响,在叶片前缘上游区域形成了显著的再附着涡、空腔涡和辅助涡等复杂的后台阶流涡系;后台阶流再附着涡系使叶片前缘上游区域形成显著的高传热区;随着进口台阶高度的增大,该高传热区控制面积和传热系数均逐渐增大,最大传热系数增大了90%～160%,高传热区的位置逐渐向下游移动,形状逐渐由节距方向的"条形"演变为"C"字形,两端向叶栅通道内部迁移;进口台阶结构导致叶栅通道总压损失系数增大了0.17%～0.45%,台阶高度为3mm时,总压损失系数最大。     

透平叶栅非轴对称端壁优化设计

为减小透平叶栅二次流损失、提高气动效率,建立了结合透平叶栅非轴对称端壁造型双控制型线参数化方法、全局优化自适应差分进化算法和基于Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程求解技术的叶栅气动性能评价方法于一体的透平叶栅非轴对称端壁优化设计体系,同时验证了全局优化自适应差分进化算法和透平叶栅气动性能评价方法的可靠性和准确性。以透平叶栅总压恢复系数最大化为优化目标,在出口气流角和质量流量的约束及叶栅非轴对称端壁三维参数化控制点共20个设计变量下,完成了透平叶栅非轴对称端壁造型优化设计。研究结果表明,优化后得到的非轴对称端壁造型可有效减少透平叶栅的二次流损失,使叶栅总压恢复系数提高0.25%,证明所提出的设计体系是有效的,可为透平叶栅非轴对称端壁优化提供设计工具。     

不同马赫数下非轴对称端壁扇形叶栅流场

以某一高压涡轮导叶扇形叶栅为研究对象,通过数值和实验方法研究非轴对称端壁造型对涡轮叶栅内二次流的控制机制,分析出口马赫数增加对二次流损失特性的影响规律.结果表明:不同出口马赫数下,非轴对称端壁造型可有效降低总压损失,抑制周向二次流,削弱通道涡强度.出口总压损失系数和涡量随出口马赫数的变化而变化;出口马赫数为0.85时,改善效果最好,出口总压损失系数减小10.81%.     

端壁边界层抽吸对透平静叶栅二次流影响的数值研究

湿蒸气透平静叶栅的端壁抽吸槽常用来抽除沉积水膜以防止动叶片水蚀,但它也有可能同时用来抽除端壁上边界层以抑制二次流的发展．作者采用有限体积差分法求解了三维稳态时均ＮＳ方程组,分析了在叶栅前缘附近进行端壁边界层抽吸对透平静叶栅二次流流场、气流偏转角及总压损失系数等气动特性参数的影响．计算结果表明,在前缘附近抽吸端壁边界层可以抑制马蹄涡的发展,减弱通道涡的强度,从而减小二次流损失并提高出口气流的均匀性．     

变冲角对高负荷扇形扩压叶栅性能影响的数值研究

为研究压气机变工况性能,以亚音速高负荷扇形扩压静叶栅为研究对象,利用数值模拟方法,探究冲角变化对扇形叶栅气动性能的影响.结果表明:端壁附面层的分离和二次流动以及角区复杂涡系相互作用,造成严重角区损失.扇形叶栅下角区损失始终大于上角区,且差距会随着冲角的增大而加剧.叶栅总体损失先减小后增大,并在-6°冲角时损失最小.随着冲角增大,栅内低压区位置及吸力面分离位置均提前,角区回流强度也随之增强,且下角区回流强度和回流增强速率均大于上角区.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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