基于遗传算法的多核芯片并发追踪调试方法

基于追踪的调试技术将追踪信号连接到追踪缓存,这些连接设施不仅占用有限的片上资源,全局连线还可能导致信号完整性问题.一种有效的解决方案是复用片上网络传输追踪数据.复用片上网络传输多组并发追踪信号,需要确定追踪缓存数量和放置位置以满足链路带宽的约束,同时实现传输功耗最小化.本文将该问题规约为NP难约束P-Median问题,并提出了一种基于遗传算法的多追踪缓存选址方法.在片上网络链路带宽的约束下,优化追踪缓存选址数和追踪数据传输能耗,为多组并发追踪信号的实时追踪提供了一种有效方法.实验结果表明,在同等约束条件下,多缓存能够有效提高追踪信号数量.相比于以前的研究结果,本文方法能够有效地减少缓存选址数和降低追踪数据传输能耗.     

金银藤挥发油成分的气-质联用分析与化学计量学解析

目的 定性、定量分析金银藤挥发油成分.方法 采用气相色谱-质谱进行检测,通过化学计量学解析法对二雏色谱/质谱数据进行解析,得到各组分的纯色谱曲线和质谱,从而实现对金银藤挥发油成分的定性、定量分析,并结合程序升温保留指数来鉴定化合物.结果 金银藤的挥发油鉴定了39个成分,定性组分含量占金银藤挥发油成分总含量的94.54%.结论 全银藤挥发油的主要成分为十六烷酸（45.86%）、9,12-十八碳二烯政乙酯（39.02%）、十四烷酸（1.8%）、十五烷酸（1.07%）、十八烷酸（1.02%）.     

Effects of calcium-EGTA buffers on active calcium transport in inside-out red cell membrane vesicles.

In inside-out red cell membrane vesicles, the free calcium concentration half-maximally stimulating active calcium uptake is about 2 orders of magnitude smaller in a calcium-EGTA buffer than in media containing unbuffered calcium. In calcium-EGTA buffer, the maximum rate of calcium uptake is determined by the total calcium concentration present. A possible model for explaining these findings is presented.     

城市交通拥堵的街区缓冲定价模型及其仿真

随着城市机动车保有量的不断增长,城市主干路网供给能力出现严重不足,适当开放一些封闭街区并进行拥堵收费可以作为缓解主干路网交通压力的一项重要措施。针对城市主干路的交通拥堵问题,以区域路网车辆整体运行时间最短为优化目标,以缓冲街区的拥堵收费价格为决策变量,以交通弹性需求和动态分配以及缓冲街区路网饱和度等为限制条件,建立了缓冲街区定价优化模型,并给出了基于VISSIM软件的仿真求解流程。通过实例仿真结果表明,开放附近街区缓冲并采用模型给出的最优定价方案,既可以分担主干路部分车流从而保障了主干路通畅运行,又不超过缓冲区容量限制,提高了整体路网的运行效率。     

Effect of volatile anesthetics on the circular dichroism of bilirubin bound to human serum albumin

The characteristic circular dichroism of bilirubin bound to human serum albumin undergoes a remarkable sign inversion on addition of halothane, chloroform and other volatile anesthetics. This sign inversion, which is completely reversed by removal of the anesthetic, reflects a pronounced conformational change of the bound ligand; probably a complete inversion of chirality. The observation suggests that association of volatile anesthetics with proteins can markedly alter the internal topography of receptor sites and potentially influence the stereoselectivity of ligand binding.     

Effect of volatile anesthetics on the circular dichroism of bilirubin bound to human serum albumin.

The characteristic circular dichroism of bilirubin bound to human serum albumin undergoes a remarkable sign inversion on addition of halothane, chloroform and other volatile anesthetics. This sign inversion, which is completely reversed by removal of the anesthetic, reflects a pronounced conformational change of the bound ligand; probably a complete inversion of chirality. The observation suggests that association of volatile anesthetics with proteins can markedly alter the internal topography of receptor sites and potentially influence the stereoselectivity of ligand binding.     

Evidence of phagostimulants in cotton leaves eliciting feeding ofSpodoptera littoralis bois

Zusammenfassung Baumwollblätter enthalten mindestens eine volatile und eine nicht volatile (unverseifbare) lipophile Komponente. Diese wirken auf Larven vonSpodoptera littoralis attraktiv und stimulieren das Fressen.     

Isolation,characterization, and determination of human liver (copper/zinc) metallothionein

Summary A copper-containing protein was purified from the liver of a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis by a combination of gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. This copper-protein had UV absorption and emission spectra, an amino acid composition, and a molecular mass which were characteristic for metallothionein (MT).From 8 livers (3 control, 1 fetal and 4 primary biliary cirrhosis) MT was extracted with non-reducing buffer and centrifuged, and the pellets were re-extracted with a 1% 2-mercaptoethanol-containing buffer. The non-reducing buffer extracted a predominantly copper-containing MT from the livers of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and a predominantly zinc-containing MT from control lives and the fetal liver. Only from the fetal liver was a copper/zinc containing MT solubilized during the re-extraction with 2-mercaptoethanol-containing buffer. These results indicate that human MT is a unique metalloprotein with age and disease-dependent characteristics.     

Isolation, characterization, and determination of human liver (copper/zinc) metallothionein

A copper-containing protein was purified from the liver of a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis by a combination of gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. This copper-protein had UV absorption and emission spectra, an amino acid composition, and a molecular mass which were characteristic for metallothionein (MT). From 8 livers (3 control, 1 fetal and 4 primary biliary cirrhosis) MT was extracted with non-reducing buffer and centrifuged, and pellets were re-extracted with a 1% 2-mercaptoethanol-containing buffer. The non-reducing buffer extracted a predominantly copper-containing MT from the livers of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and a predominantly zinc-containing MT from control livers and the fetal liver. Only from the fetal liver was a copper/zinc containing MT solubilized during the re-extraction with 2-mercaptoethanol-containing buffer. These results indicate that human MT is a unique metalloprotein with age and disease-dependent characteristics.     

Characterization of the "4 S-trypsin" form of the cytosoluble estradiol receptor of calf uterus in a nondenaturing system]

The characterisation of the "4 S-trypsin" form of the estradiol-receptor from calf uterus cytosol was carried out by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. In a multiphasic buffer system (upper buffer Tris-glycine pH25degrees C = 8,6, lower buffer Tris HCl pH25degrees C = 7,4), three radioactive estradiol peaks were observed. The first was free estradiol, the second estradiol initially complexed with a macromolecule and dissociated during electrophoresis, and the third the hormone-receptor complex. The sedimentation coefficient (4 S) of this complex was the same before and after electrophoresis. Its mean geometric radius is R = 2.53 + 0.08 nm and its molecular weight was estimated to be 55,000.     

(Ca−Mg) ATPase activity of human erythrocyte membranes: Influence of incubation buffer

Summary Activity of the (Ca–Mg) ATPase of human red blood cell membranes is highly dependent on the specific buffer used in the ATPase assay. Activity is highest in histidine and/or imidazole buffers and is lowest in HEPES buffer.This research was supported by Public Health Service Grants AH-16436 and GM 00109-16. We wish to acknowledge the useful suggestions of Thomas R. Hinds and the excellent clerical assistance of Ms Laurie Asher.     

The role of perireceptor events in vertebrate olfaction

The perception of odours and pheromones is mediated by small soluble carrier proteins that belong to the family of lipocalins. Those secreted by the nasal mucosa are called odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) for their binding activity towards volatile compounds. Proteins of similar structure, which we call pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs), help to deliver volatile pheromones in the environment. They are present in high concentration in biological fluids, such as urine, saliva and vaginal discharge, involved in chemical communication between conspecifics. Several subclasses of OBPs have been identified in the same animal species, each best related to a particular group of PBPs. Such similarities, together with anatomical and behavioural evidence, suggest that OBPs may be involved in the perception of pheromones.     

Rapid temperature programmed gas-liquid chromatography of volatile fatty acids (C1−C7) for the identification of anaerobic bacteria

Summary A gas liquid chromatography method for the separation of 10 volatile fatty acids (C₁–C₇ and isomers) has been improved by using oven temperature programmed conditions. In our conditions, the proprietary stationary phase SP 1220 introduced by Supelco Inc., gave sharp separation of volatile fatty acids in less than 8 min. This method was suitable for analyses with both thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors.     

具有多故障模式的混杂双设备生产线系统性能分析研究

研究了一个不可靠混杂双设备生产线系统。对此系统而言,每台设备可以出现多种故障模式,并且缓冲区也可能发生故障。在离散模型的基础上,分析了系统状态概率的变迁情况,给出了相应的求解方法及算法,探讨并发展了一种评价多故障混杂生产线系统性能的近似解析方法。仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

The vomeronasal system

In addition to the main olfactory system, many vertebrates possess a vomeronasal system that conveys more specialized chemosensory information. Unlike the airborne, volatile stimuli detected by the main olfactory system, vomeronasal stimuli are typically proteins of the lipocalin family which bind small, volatile ligands. Despite the smaller number of vomeronasal receptor types, the projection patterns of the vomeronasal receptor neurons to multiple glomeruli in the accessory olfactory bulb appear to be more complicated than those of the main olfactory system. The vomeronasal system has a direct sub-neocortical projection to hypothalamic areas that mediates specific behavioural and hormonal responses to pheromonal stimuli. However, the integration and transmission of this information can be modulated by learning mechanisms. The aim of this article is to outline some of the functions of the vomeronasal system, and in particular to comment on recent advances in our understanding of how vomeronasal information is coded and processed.     

Fermentative digestion of food in the colobus monkey, Colobus, polykomos.

Fermentation of leafy food occurs in the enlarged saccus gastricus of the colobus monkey with the formation of volatile fatty acid, as in the rumen of ruminant animals. About half of the digestible organic matter and cellulose of the diet is digested in this way.     

Binding of iproniazid to the polymeric forms of iodide peroxidase

Summary ¹⁴C labelled iproniazid binds to iodide peroxidase more effectively in low ionic strength buffer than in high ionic strength buffer, suggesting preferential binding to the monomeric form of iodide peroxidase. During column chromatography, under conditions that separate iodide peroxidase into multiple forms, iproniazid is bound selectively to the monomeric form. Thus, this antithyroid agent appears to bind preferentially to the monomeric enzyme form, or possibly to cause dissociation of the polymeric to the monomeric form.Supported in part by United States Public Health Service Grants AM-13,377 and AM-13,643.     

Effects of calcium-EGTA buffers on active calcium transport in inside-out red cell membrane vesicles

Summary In inside-out red cell membrane vesicles, the free calcium concentration half-maximally stimulating active calcium uptake is about 2 orders of magnitude smaller in a calcium-EGTA buffer than in media containing unbuffered calcium. In calcium-EGTA buffer, the maximum rate of calcium uptake is determined by the total calcium concentration present. A possible model for explaining these findings is presented.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the Scientific Research Council, Ministry of Health, Hungary (6-03-0306-01-1/Gá). We thank for the valuable comments of Dr Ilma Szász and for the skilful technical assistance of Mrs M. Sarkadi.     

Regulation of the retinal interphotoreceptor matrix Na by the retinal pigment epithelium during the light response

We examined the rabbit retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for Na transport properties which would allow it to buffer undesirable changes in Na concentrations in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) during light and dark cycles. The RPE is selectivity permeable to sodium. Open and short circuit transport studies with RPE indicate a circulating (choroid to retina and back) Na current which does not compromise the electrical integrity of the blood brain barrier but together with the Na permeselectivity is of sufficient magnitude to buffer both upwards and downwards movements of IPM [Na] during light or dark responses.     

Vanadium induced hemolysis of vitamin E deficient erythrocytes in Hepes buffer

Several vanadium compounds were tested for their ability to induce in vitro hemolysis of vitamin E-deficient hamster erythrocytes. Free vanadyl caused hemolysis in Hepes buffer but not in Tris or phosphate buffer, while hemolysis was inhibited by catalase, chelators such as deferoxamine mesylate and EDTA, and hydroxyl radical scavengers such as ethanol andd-mannitol. Although metavanadate itself could not induce hemolysis, metavanadate with NAD(P)H caused hemolysis in Hepes buffer only, and superoxide dismutase prevented it. Hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and Hepes radical were involved in vanadyl-induced hemolysis; superoxide anion was further involved in metavanadate plus NAD(P)H-induced hemolysis. Vitamin E prevented hemolysis under both conditions.