日本晚三叠世生物群及与中国的对比

为确切进行华南东部上三叠统分阶研究,在中国国家基金委的资助下,我们系统调查了中日有关地层,进行了初步对比。本文先介绍对日本晚三叠世生物群的划分和对比研究结果。日本在地质构造上大致分为:西南日本区(分为外带和内带)、关东地区、东北日本区及北海道。晚三叠世地层集中分布于西南区的外带和内带,在关东地区和东北日本区较为零星;北海道仅个别点见及。以往,日本的晚三叠世生     

乌鲁木齐地区双壳缝目(Biraphidinales)硅藻的初步研究

2010年4月至6月对于乌鲁木齐周围部分地区的双壳缝目硅藻植物进行了调查研究,共采集到54号藻类标本,对其中硅藻植物的形态特征进行了鉴定、描述和绘图,发现双壳缝目(Biraphidinales)硅藻植物22种3变种,共25个分类单位,隶属于3科11属。其中舟形藻科(Naviculaceae)有7属,有茧形藻属1种,美壁藻属1种,双壁藻属1种,布纹藻属1种,舟形藻属4种,羽纹藻属4种,辐节藻属3种;桥穹藻科(Cymbellaceae)有2属,有桥穹藻属4种,有双眉藻属1种;异极藻科(Gomphonemaceae)有2属,有双楔藻属1种,有异极藻属3种1变种,属于新疆新记录的有11种1变种。     

北培地区下三叠统飞仙关组的双壳类与古水流关系

重庆北培地区下三叠统飞仙关组泥灰岩中含量双壳类化石,其排列有一定规律。所研究的样本中,过壳味的壳体平分线与古水流方向一致,壳味相示水流方向。随机测量53个壳体,经数理统计,得出古水流方向应为294°,并证明贝壳层的沉积环境为泻湖潮坪上的潮渠。     

厄尔尼诺事件和强潮汐与日本樱岛火山爆发的对应关系

日、地、月和行星相对位置的变化决定了潮汐的强度。其变化规模与全球灾害变化周期相对应。强潮汐加大垂直方向和水平方向海水的混合，使西太平洋和北太平洋暖水变冷水位下降，使东南太平洋冷水变暖水位上升，海温均衡运动和水均衡运动形成厄尔尼诺事件和相应的构造活动。天文和火山资料表明。行星冲日、近地潮、日月大潮、日食、月食的叠加所形成的强潮汐和厄尔尼诺事件与日本樱岛火山的爆发时间有非常好的对应关系。     

Application of satellite thermal infrared remote sensing in monitoring magmatic activity of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano

In this paper, with the application of satellite thermal infrared remote sensing technique, nine land surface temperature distribution maps of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano area are retrieved from nine thermal infrared images which are taken from 1999 to 2008. In terms of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), we classify the surface cover of the study area into three types, i.e. vegetation (forest), mixture of soil and vegetation (short grasses), and bare rock. The average temperature of each type of surface covers is calculated first, and then the average daily temperature record from Tianchi meteorological station is subtracted in order to reduce the effect of weather variation. Finally, thermal anomalies of three types of surface cover in Changbaishan Tianchi volcano area in the period of 1999 to 2008 are obtained, which is believed to reflect the magmatic activity in the magma chamber under Tianchi volcano caldera. Our results indicate that temperature of the study area increased with an intermittent tendency during 1999 to 2005, but dropped after 2005, and then maintained a relatively stable state from 2006 to 2008. Such a tendency of annual temperature variation possibly caused by magmatic activity is correlated with the results observed by means of seismic monitoring, ground deformation from GPS measurement, and volcanic gas geochemistry monitoring in the same area. It is implied that the upward intrusion of magma may cause temperature increase, and such temperature variation is great enough so that could be detected by using satellite thermal infrared remote sensing technology.     

川东北二叠系-三叠系白云岩成因研究

通过对川东北二叠系-三叠系白云岩岩石学和地球化学特征分析,表明研究区内白云岩按沉积相及相应的岩石结构特征主要分为3类:礁白云岩、颗粒白云岩和泥晶-微晶白云岩(含膏云岩)。礁白云岩具有典型的混合带白云石化特点,受海平面频繁变化影响;颗粒白云岩的形成与混合水白云石化作用和深埋藏成岩作用有关;准同生白云石化或卤水回流渗透白云石化是泥晶-微晶白云岩(含膏云岩)的形成机制。     

川西地区中二叠世—中三叠世微量、常量元素与古环境、古气候关系研究

川西地区位于上扬子台地边缘,区内发育滨岸、缓坡型台地、镶边台地、陆棚-盆地及陆表海型台地共5种沉积体系。研究区中二叠统-中三叠统地层生物礁、滩相十分发育,拥有巨大油气勘探潜力。通过对研究区中二叠统-中三叠统地层中采集到的80件层位样品进行常量、微量元素测试,结合沉积体系分析,旨在探索本区古海平面升降、氧化还原条件、古气候及古盐度的演化规律。研究发现,本区古环境共经历了3个较大的相对氧化→相对还原→相对氧化旋回,但各沉积期存在若干短期的次级旋回;古气候总体为热带-亚热带气候,繁育了众多暖水型生物群落,在P与T交界处存在由温湿过渡为干热的1次重大变革。上述演化过程在岩性及生物群落特征上都有显著体现。     

四川盆地中西部上三叠统沉积相

四川盆地中西部上三叠统沉积背景有利于特大型深盆气藏的形成 ,其沉积相带的圈定是深盆气有利区带评价的基础 .通过岩心描述和分析 ,并结合地震相、砂体结构及分布特征 ,对四川盆地中西部上三叠统沉积相进行了分析 .研究区沉积相可划分为河流三角洲、海湾、湖泊和冲积扇等 4种类型 ,其中三角洲是研究区的主要骨架砂体 .在前人工作的基础上 ,依据沉积物源、砂体发育特征及其相标志特征 ,对上三叠统须家河期须一须三亚期和香溪期香二香六亚期的沉积相展布特征进行了研究 ,对上三叠统各期沉积演化特征进行了综合表征 .分析结果表明 ,四川盆地中西部上三叠统具有深盆气生成、运移和聚集的岩相古地理基础 .     

Late Yanshan-Himalayan hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and hydrothermal fluid activity in the central Tarim Basin

The adjustment of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs in marine formations is an important feature of the oil pools in the Tarim Basin. Large-scale hydrocarbon adjustment is related to the strong regional tectonic movements, which is always accompanied by extensive migration of basin fluids including diagenetic and mineralizing fluids. Organic fluid inclusions are well developed in hydrothermal mine- rals, such as fluorite, which have been found in the dissolution-enlarged fractures or karstification caves in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Proved by well drilling, the fluorite deposit is good reservoir for oil and gas. So the peculiar accompanied or superimposed relationship between fluorite hydrothermal fluid mineralization and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation exists in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Considering regional tectonic setting and mineralization condition, through different kinds of analytic methods including electron spin resonance dating, fluid inclusion laser Raman and colonial inclusions hydrocarbon fossil analysis, we proposed that extensive mineralizing fluids and hydrocarbon migration occurred in late Yanshan-Himalayan （110.4-30.8 Ma） period, and Himalayan, especially, is an important period for hydrocarbon accumulation from 34.3 Ma to present.     

Late Yanshan-Himalayan hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and hydrotherrnal fluid activity in the central Tarim Basin

The adjustment of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs in marine formations is an important feature of the oil pools in the Tarim Basin. Large-scale hydrocarbon adjustment is related to the strong regional tectonic movements, which is always accompanied by extensive migration of basin fluids including diagenetic and mineralizing fluids. Organic fluid inclusions are well developed in hydrothermal minerals, such as fluorite, which have been found in the dissolution-enlarged fractures or karstification caves in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Proved by well drilling, the fluorite deposit is good reservoir for oil and gas. So the peculiar accompanied or superimposed relationship between fluorite hydrothermal fluid mineralization and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation exists in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Considering regional tectonic setting and mineralization condition,through different kinds of analytic methods including electron spin resonance dating, fluid inclusion laser Raman and colonial inclusions hydrocarbon fossil analysis, we proposed that extensive mineralizing fluids and hydrocarbon migration occurred in late Yanshan-Himalayan (110.4-30.8 Ma) period, and Himalayan, especially, is an important period for hydrocarbon accumulation from 34.3 Ma to present.     

闽西南晚古生代-早三叠世沉积特征及其大地构造意义

闽西南晚古生代-早三叠世具有典型的被动大陆边缘沉积建造特征,被动大陆边缘大陆坡向南倾斜,大田、漳平一线相当于当时陆坡下部的位置,沉积盆地中心位于大田-龙岩-永定一带,具有北、南两个方向的物质来源.闽西南晚古生代古生物有特提斯域亲缘分子,早三叠世溪口组是被动大陆边缘最后的海相沉积,其构造演化历史与古特提斯洋的演化在时间和地质特征等方面非常相似.晚古生代-早三叠世早期,闽西南海域可能是古特提斯海域的一个分支,它的构造演化从一个侧面反映了东古特提斯的演化.