Direct imaging of the pores and cages of three-dimensional mesoporous materials

Mesostructured composite materials, with features ranging from 20 to 500 A in size, are obtained by the kinetically controlled competitive assembly of organic and inorganic species into nanostructured domains. Short-range order is limited, and long-range order is determined by weak forces such as van der Waals or hydrogen-bonding. Three-dimensional mesoporous materials obtained by removing the organic phase are of particular interest for applications such as catalysis and chemical sensing or separation, for which structural features such as cavity shape, connectivity and ordered bimodal porosity are critical. But atomic-scale structural characterization by the usual diffraction techniques is challenging for these partially ordered materials because of the difficulty in obtaining large (> 10 microm) single crystals, and because large repeat spacings cause diffraction intensities to fall off rapidly with scattering angle so that only limited small-angle data are available. Here we present a general approach for the direct determination of three-dimensional mesoporous structures by electron microscopy. The structure solutions are obtained uniquely without pre-assumed models or parametrization. We report high-resolution details of cage and pore structures of periodically ordered mesoporous materials, which reveal a highly ordered dual micro- and mesoscale pore structure.     

近平衡的非平衡态区存在有序结构的可能性

根据弱耦合不等价于弱振幅的特性，提出在近平衡的非平衡态区可能存在时空有序结构，其中的一种方式是守恒量的色散密度波，它具有振动解或孤子解，两者皆为时空有序结构存在的形式。     

铝模板技术制备二维有序聚苯乙烯纳米线的研究

以铝箔片通过阳极氧化法原理制得的有序结构为模板,制备了聚苯乙烯纳米线的孔材料,通过透射电镜观察了模板及有序多孔聚苯乙烯的形态,结果表明,所合成的铝模板上的纳米级孔径大小均匀,空间排布有序;并发现所合成的线状聚苯乙烯具有纳米级尺寸,其结构与铝模板的孔状大致相似。     

Characteristic mechanical properties and complex ordered structures in metal films on liquid substrates

It is well known that the nature of the substrate plays a significant role in the growth mechanism, micro- structure, surface morphology and physical property of thin film systems. Because the metal film systems de- posited on solid substrates generally p…     

关于交换链序半群的若干结果

研究了交换链序半群的结构与性质,所得结果主要是Satyanarayana M与Bowling G所得结果在序半群中的推广。     

Ordered nanoporous arrays of carbon supporting high dispersions of platinum nanoparticles.

Nanostructured carbon materials are potentially of great technological interest for the development of electronic, catalytic and hydrogen-storage systems. Here we describe a general strategy for the synthesis of highly ordered, rigid arrays of nanoporous carbon having uniform but tunable diameters (typically 6 nanometres inside and 9 nanometres outside). These structures are formed by using ordered mesoporous silicas as templates, the removal of which leaves a partially ordered graphitic framework. The resulting material supports a high dispersion of platinum nanoparticles, exceeding that of other common microporous carbon materials (such as carbon black, charcoal and activated carbon fibres). The platinum cluster diameter can be controlled to below 3 nanometres, and the high dispersion of these metal clusters gives rise to promising electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction, which could prove to be practically relevant for fuel-cell technologies. These nanomaterials can also be prepared in the form of free-standing films by using ordered silica films as the templates.     

存在折扣和中断风险下供应商的选择研究

在按订单制造环境中,顾客订单通常是成批订购的,供应商会依赖于总的订单数量给与一定数量的折扣.将折扣环境考虑到中断风险情形下的供应模型,给出不同的成本结构,进一步加强了所给出的模型,使研究更具有实际意义.结合相应的优化软件与改进前的模型的结果做比较,得到相应的结论.     

Strategies for improving ductility of ordered intermetallics

Ordered intermetallics possess attractive high-temperature properties; however, low ductility and brittle fracture limit their use as engineering materials in many cases. This paper provides a comprehensive review on the recent progress in the development of ductile ordered intermetallics and summarizes the strategies used to improve the tensile ductility of ordered intermetallics, including control of ordered crystal structures, engineering grain-boundary structure and chemistry, eliminating environmental embrittlement, microstructure optimization, control of phase stability, and promoting transformation-/twining-induced plasticity. The basic ideas and related mechanisms underlying these ductilizing strategies are discussed. In addition, a brief mention of the current use of intermetallic alloys for structural and corrosion applications is made.     

Ultrafast holographic nanopatterning of biocatalytically formed silica

Diatoms are of interest to the materials research community because of their ability to create highly complex and intricate silica structures under physiological conditions: what these single-cell organisms accomplish so elegantly in nature requires extreme laboratory conditions to duplicate-this is true for even the simplest of structures. Following the identification of polycationic peptides from the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis, simple silica nanospheres can now be synthesized in vitro from silanes at nearly neutral pH and at ambient temperatures and pressures. Here we describe a method for creating a hybrid organic/inorganic ordered nanostructure of silica spheres through the incorporation of a polycationic peptide (derived from the C. fusiformis silaffin-1 protein) into a polymer hologram created by two-photon-induced photopolymerization. When these peptide nanopatterned holographic structures are exposed to a silicic acid, an ordered array of silica nanospheres is deposited onto the clear polymer substrate. These structures exhibit a nearly fifty-fold increase in diffraction efficiency over a comparable polymer hologram without silica. This approach, combining the ease of processability of an organic polymer with the improved mechanical and optical properties of an inorganic material, could be of practical use for the fabrication of photonic devices.     

NiMnSb化合物的原子无序对半金属性的影响

根据第一原理利用线性缀加平面波（LAPW）法, 计算了half-Heusler结构NiMnSb化合物3种原子有序态的电子能态密度分布. 结果表明, 不同的原子有序态间的转变无序将导致电子自旋极化率的降低或材料半金属性的消失.     

嵌段聚合物与离子液体、水三组分体系的相行为

离子液体凭借其自身的优点被人们称作＂可设计型溶剂＂.文章利用偏光显微镜和小角X射线散射技术,考察了三嵌段聚合物P123在离子液体与水形成的双极性混合溶剂中的相行为,并对所形成的有序结构进行了分析.     

规则表面形貌的表征

量子点与超晶格等有序结构呈现规则的表面形貌,它们的特性与表征表面粗糙度的参数密切相关.本文说明了如何利用单值周期函数对这些规则表面形貌进行模拟,并分析了其高度分布函数,以及给出了高度分布函数与单值函数导数变化的关系.     

不同粒径高度有序的介孔二氧化硅纳米材料（MSNs）的制备与表征

通过调解正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和NH₃·H₂O的加入量,  采用共沉淀法可控地制备了一系列不同粒径（80~320 nm）, 且具有规则孔道结构的介孔二氧化硅纳米材料（MSNs）, 并利用小角X射线衍射（SAXRD）、 透射电镜（TEM）、 扫描电镜(SEM)及N2[KG-*3]吸附 脱附等方法对产物进行表征. 实验结果表明: 合成的样品均具有高度有序的孔道结构, 为典型的MCM 41介孔二氧化硅纳米材料; 采用合成后水热处理方法可提高材料的有序性和稳定性.     

Microstructure analysis in colossal magnetoresitive Sr2FeMoO6 ceramics

Different ordered lattice structures are reported in Sr₂FeMoO₆ perovskite: Fe−Mo disordered B site substitution in the fundamental ABO₃ unit cell, ordered structure with Fe and Mo ions distributed according to NaCl structure type, and layered superstructure with tripoved by identifying and selecting the correct structure of Sr₂FeMoO₆ ceramics.     

Enhancing semiconductor device performance using ordered dopant arrays

As the size of semiconductor devices continues to shrink, the normally random distribution of the individual dopant atoms within the semiconductor becomes a critical factor in determining device performance--homogeneity can no longer be assumed. Here we report the fabrication of semiconductor devices in which both the number and position of the dopant atoms are precisely controlled. To achieve this, we make use of a recently developed single-ion implantation technique, which enables us to implant dopant ions one-by-one into a fine semiconductor region until the desired number is reached. Electrical measurements of the resulting transistors reveal that device-to-device fluctuations in the threshold voltage (Vth; the turn-on voltage of the device) are less for those structures with ordered dopant arrays than for those with conventional random doping. We also find that the devices with ordered dopant arrays exhibit a shift in Vth, relative to the undoped semiconductor, that is twice that for a random dopant distribution (- 0.4 V versus -0.2 V); we attribute this to the uniformity of electrostatic potential in the conducting channel region due to the ordered distribution of dopant atoms. Our results therefore serve to highlight the improvements in device performance that can be achieved through atomic-scale control of the doping process. Furthermore, ordered dopant arrays of this type may enhance the prospects for realizing silicon-based solid-state quantum computers.     

Surface modifications of Pt-based atomically ordered nanoparticles to improve catalytic performances for oxygen reduction reaction

Bimetallic platinum-cobalt (Pt–Co) nanostructure catalysts represent superior catalytic performances for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In a variety of Pt–Co catalyst structures, atomically ordered structure catalysts show excellent catalytic performances in the ORR. In this work, for promoting their catalytic performances, atomically ordered PtCo nanoparticles (PtCo/C) with carbon supported were successfully prepared by an improved impregnation method and annealing. Then, the ordered PtCo/C catalysts have been significantly improved by doped with ultralow amount of Au and Cr transition metal. The physical and electrochemical test results demonstrate the Cr–PtCo/C and Au–PtCo/C catalysts have superior catalytic performances including mass activity and stability compared to commercialized Johnson Matthey (JM) Pt/C, which was the result of the modified electronic properties of Pt surface and atomically ordered structure. The presence of Au and Cr enhances the stability of PtCo/C catalysts. This work represents a simple way to promote the catalytic performances of the atomically ordered catalysts.     

插层化合物M_(x)TiS_2中M离子的三维有序结构

本文建立了１Ｔ型插层化合物ＭｘＴｉＳ２中占据八面体间隙位的Ｍ离子－空位晶格气体模型。用原子位形几率波理论系统地研究了三维晶体结构中Ｍ离子的基态原子位形，得到了１０种可能的完全有序结构。并对一些典型的实验结果做出了合理解释。     

棒/线两嵌段共聚物共混体系的自组装

运用二维格子自洽场方法,研究棒/线两嵌段共聚物共混体系的自组装.结果表明:在长/短两种嵌段体积比相等的棒/线两嵌段共聚物共混体系中,当某种共聚物的混合比较大时,观察到层状结构,层的厚度与混合比大的嵌段共聚物长度有关;在两种嵌段共聚物混合比相差较小的条件下,出现了新的自组装结构,即柱层和层与柱共存相,这两种结构未出现在棒/线内嵌段共聚物熔体体系中,它们的出现与棒/线两嵌段共聚物链构象的不对称性及共混的影响有关.     

非离子表面活性剂与离子液体、水三组分体系的相行为

离子液体因绿色化学的兴起并凭借自身的优点而备受关注.文章采用两种不同的离子液体与水构成双极性溶剂,研究了非离子表面活性剂C12E4在其中的聚集行为,同时利用偏光显微镜和小角X射线散射技术对所形成的有序结构进行了分析.