高压共轨燃油喷射雾化特性的数值预报

利用FLUENT软件,采用WAVE破碎及标准kε湍流模型,对高压燃油喷射雾化过程进行数值模拟研究;在可视化实验平台上,借助高速摄影技术,结合C#语言开发的图像处理软件,分析得出宏观喷雾特性。采用数值模拟方法获得了各种工况下的喷雾贯穿距和锥角等宏观特性的发展规律。研究结果表明:仿真结果与试验结果较吻合。喷射压力越大,喷雾贯穿距越大,喷雾锥角越小;背压越大,喷雾贯穿距越小,喷雾锥角越大;随着喷射时间的增加,单位时间内贯穿距离和喷雾锥角的增加幅度都呈逐渐减小的趋势。     

B类石英砂在充气料仓中的落料特性

在自行设计的有机玻璃充气料仓系统上对B类石英砂颗粒(密度2610kg/m3、平均粒径229μm)进行实验,研究了在不同半锥角料仓中单层和组合充气对落料特性的影响。结果表明：单层充气时,充气位置不宜过高或者过低,一般在锥段高度1/8附近为最佳。当气量较大时会出现喷射流、气压平衡拱等不同的落料现象。组合充气从落料速率和稳定性上都优于单层充气,通过优化组合充气可实现相同充气量下落料速率最大且稳定的落料过程。落料速率随半锥角增大而减小,但随着流化气量增大变化趋势减缓。充气位置越高气量越大,料位高度对落料速率的影响作用越明显。     

基于DPM的旋芯喷嘴的雾化特性

基于离散相模型(DPM)对旋芯喷嘴雾化特性进行了数值计算,本模型中液滴破碎采用泰勒相似破碎模型(TAB).利用文本采样追踪手段记录雾化颗粒特性参数分布规律,分析喷雾压力和初始喷射角对雾化特性参数的影响.研究表明:细水雾颗粒轨迹呈非正规的中空圆锥状雾炬,雾滴颗粒主要分布在雾炬外围,在雾炬中心处几乎没有.雾滴颗粒的轴向速度随着喷雾轴向距离的增大呈降低趋势;雾滴直径随着喷雾轴向距离的增大呈先减小后缓慢增大的趋势.喷雾压力越大,喷雾方向同一截面位置的雾滴直径越小;初始喷射角越大,喷雾方向同一截面位置的雾滴直径越小,但这是以缩短喷雾射程为代价的.     

基于三维离散单元法的大直径浅圆仓偏心卸料研究

为探讨大直径浅圆仓内粒状物料对仓壁的动态作用机理,采用三维离散单元法模拟了筒仓偏心卸料的全过程。不同尺寸的球形颗粒用于模拟仓内粒状物料,墙单元用于模拟筒仓仓壁。颗粒速度场和颗粒流动过程表明卸料通道自卸料孔向上方延伸呈漏斗状,与模拟实验结果相一致。随着偏心卸料的进行,仓壁静态侧压力不断减小,仓壁动态侧压力峰值出现在卸料的初始阶段,筒仓上部的超压现象比下部更为明显。靠近卸料孔一侧墙体更容易出现超压现象,最大超压系数为1.63,远离卸料孔一侧的仓壁在卸料阶段几乎不出现动态作用。     

基于三维离散单元法的大直径浅圆仓偏心卸料研究

为探讨大直径浅圆仓内粒状物料对仓壁的动态作用机理,采用三维离散单元法模拟了筒仓偏心卸料的全过程。不同尺寸的球形颗粒用于模拟仓内粒状物料,墙单元用于模拟筒仓仓壁。颗粒速度场和颗粒流动过程表明卸料通道自卸料孔向上方延伸呈漏斗状,与模拟实验结果相一致。随着偏心卸料的进行,仓壁静态侧压力不断减小,仓壁动态侧压力峰值出现在卸料的初始阶段,筒仓上部的超压现象比下部更为明显。靠近卸料孔一侧墙体更容易出现超压现象,最大超压系数为1.63,远离卸料孔一侧的仓壁在卸料阶段几乎不出现动态作用。     

基于虚拟双目视觉的锥阀振动测试

液压阀阀芯附近介质流量变化导致的阀芯振动对锥阀的稳定性和使用寿命有重要影响。为了探究锥阀的三维振动特性,文中提出了一种基于虚拟双目视觉的可视化实验方法,并获得了阀芯振动的图像序列。通过对阀芯轮廓拟合得出了阀芯几何顶点的空间坐标值,提高了阀芯位置的测量精度。通过分析不同出入口压力、弹簧刚度等条件下的阀芯振动特性,发现阀芯振动的空间范围和冲击程度与液压系统运行状况和阀芯结构密切相关。入口压力从3.2 MPa增大至4.4 MPa时,阀芯振动逐渐加剧,离散度增大;预压缩量从14 mm增大至17 mm时,阀芯振动趋于平稳,离散度减小;此外,随着弹簧刚度和阀芯半锥角的增大,阀芯振动的离散度也呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,且其最小值分别在弹簧刚度为2N/mm和阀芯半锥角为30°时出现。在阀芯振动的沿轴向、正面和侧面3个方向的投影中,侧面径向振动的波形因子大于正面径向的波形因子,而轴向振动的波形因子最小。波形因子的变化趋势与离散度的变化趋势一致,阀芯振动的离散度和波形因子呈正相关关系,且在阀芯半锥角为30°、弹簧刚度为2N/mm时的波形因子最小。文中研究结果可以为锥阀结构的液压阀的结构设计提供理论支撑,从...     

多区域型兰炭余热回收换热器内颗粒流动分析

研究兰炭颗粒在换热器内的流动特性,对于提高换热器的余热回收效率具有重要意义。基于离散单元法,建立了换热器内颗粒流动过程的离散单元法(DEM)模型,分析了换热器内的颗粒流动。结果表明:兰炭颗粒在换热器三个分区内均为整体流,内换热器间区域颗粒流动均匀性优于内外换热器间区域;流动过程存在着自换热器底部向上传递的速度波,颗粒竖直方向速度为不断脉动过程,且越接近料层顶部颗粒脉动幅度越大;颗粒流经内换热器横管时有明显绕流现象,横管下方形成无粒子区,颗粒流速增大。     

筒仓内部压力及流场的数值模拟与实验验证

利用离散单元法研究了筒仓装卸料过程中的力场和速度场,以期揭示宏观力学行为的内在机理。文中首先介绍了离散单元法的基本原理,然后用物理模型实验测试和模拟了筒仓壁法向压力及物料流动过程,最后用离散单元法研究了筒仓内部压力和物料颗粒速度场,并探讨了颗粒密度和物料密度的影响。     

多锥构型摩擦副同步过程的影响因素分析

基于润滑力学和微凸体摩擦原理，建立了多锥构型摩擦副同步过程的数学模型并进行数值求解，分析了多锥构型摩擦副同步过程中主从动片初始相对转速、油膜厚度、油膜承载力、微凸峰承载力、黏性剪切转矩、粗糙摩擦转矩等随同步时间的变化规律。利用所建模型研究了锥角、摩擦锥面数量、表面粗糙度、初始相对转速和加载压力等因素对同步过程的影响规律。结果表明：多锥构型摩擦副具有明显的楔形自增力效应，较小的轴向加载力可提供很大的锥面接触力；减小锥角、增加摩擦锥面数量、增大表面粗糙度和轴向加载压力均可提高同步转矩，缩短同步时间；同步时间与初始相对转速大致呈线性关系。     

加料机单、双头螺旋对颗粒群接触力的影响

为研究螺旋加料机不连续加料过程中颗粒群的运动特性及变化规律,研究了单、双头螺旋对颗粒群接触力的影响.以1. 5 mm直径小米颗粒为研究对象,基于Hertz-Mindlin颗粒无滑动接触模型,对颗粒之间接触力以及颗粒群与螺旋加料料管内壁接触力进行分析,建立了具有分料装置的螺旋加料模型;采用EDEM离散元软件,以间歇转动60°的方式对小米颗粒不连续加料过程进行数值仿真,得到了颗粒间接触力和颗粒群对螺旋加料料管内壁正向和切向压力的分布,比较了240 r·min~(-1)转速下单、双头螺旋输送中颗粒群接触力分布特点.结果表明:单头螺旋输送物料时,颗粒之间比较紧实,但颗粒在内壁接触处易翻滚;双头螺旋输送物料时,颗粒在内壁接触处不易翻滚,更易随轴作轴向运动,颗粒群的一致性更稳定.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~