高二学生学习压力源现状调查研究——以山西省G县两所中学为例

本研究采用问卷调查法,对G县高二学生的学习压力源现状进行调查,探讨高二学生学习压力在学校、性别、家庭所在地和文理科四个方面的总体情况,为制定全面实施高中学生心理素质教育的有效方案提供实证依据.研究发现,高二学生的学习压力状况较高,学习压力现状有待得到缓解;重点学校与普通学校高二学生在学习压力源的教师压力维度与自我压力维度上存在显著差异;男生较女生感觉到较大的父母压力,在教师压力、自我压力以及社交压力上无显著差异;家庭所在地为城市和农村的高二学生在学习压力源的各个维度差异不显著;文科高二学生比理科高二学生体会到更多的自我压力,并且差异已达到显著水平.     

河南省大学毕业班学生就业压力的调查分析

使用新修订的高校毕业生就业压力源调查问卷,对河南省5个省辖市8所高校的毕业班学生进行大样本问卷调查,得出如下结果：目前河南省在校大学毕业班学生总体上没有感受到太大的就业压力。就业压力源的5个因素按程度大小排序依次是社会环境因素、家庭亲朋好友因素、专业因素、学校因素、个人因素,其中社会环境因素和家庭亲朋好友因素均超过均值。独生子女的就业压力明显小于非独生子女;女生的压力明显高于男生;来自农村家庭的学生在社会环境因素和家庭亲朋好友因素上的得分明显高于来自城市的学生;当学生干部的经历对就业压力不产生明显影响,而社会实践经历能明显减轻就业压力。     

在校大学生压力现状的相关因素研究

通过了解在校大学生压力状况,分析性别、年级、出生年代、家庭构成差异等因素对在校大学生压力的不同影响,为高校开展心理健康教育工作提供科学依据和方法。采用分层抽样和随机抽样相结合的方法,在湖北省6所高校2880名学生中展开调查,使用SPSS17.0进行数据统计分析。结果显示:经济压力、就业压力和学习压力是目前大学生感到的最大压力来源。80后大学生就业压力显著高于90后大学生(P<0.01),男生在恋爱和经济方面的压力显著大于女生;单亲家庭学生在人际交往和恋爱问题上压力过大;大三年级的学生是四个年级中承受压力最大的年级。因此,高校应有针对性地实施有效的早期干预策略,化解压力,消除潜在的危机。     

福建省中职学校毕业生就业压力应对方式的特点分析

采用问卷调查法对福建省中职学校毕业生就业压力应对方式的特点进行调查,了解中职学校毕业生就业压力应对方式的特点。研究结果表明,中职学校毕业生就业压力应对方式在性别变量上不存在显著差异;来自城镇的中职学校毕业生就业压力应对方式好于来自农村的学生;在校担任学生干部的中职学校毕业生比非学生干部的学生使用更多的积极应对方式;独生子女的发泄与回避、寻求与支持上显著优于非独生子女。     

运动与非运动群体大学生压力与心理健康关系的研究

采用自编<大学生参加体育活动情况调查问卷>、编译的<大学生压力反应测评问卷>和<大学生心理健康诊断量表>对在校大学生3 267人进行了调查.研究发现:1)运动群体大学生在生理、情绪和认知3个维度上的压力反应程度低于非运动群体大学生;重点学校大学生在行为压力、情绪压力和认知压力维度上的压力反应程度均低于非重点学校大学生;农村和县/镇的大学生在行为、情绪和认知3个维度上的压力反应程度显著高于直辖市/省会城市以及中小城市的大学生;2)通过回归分析发现:压力的4个纬度对大学生心理健康水平的解释率依次为认知压力、生理压力和情绪压力,而行为压力对大学生的心理健康影响不大;运动通过压力的4个维度对大学生心理健康水平产生促进作用,其从大到小排序为认知压力、运动生理压力和情感压力,而运动通过行为压力对心理健康的作用不明显.     

中学生学业压力的研究——以邢台、石家庄两市中学生为例

采用问卷法研究中学生学业压力的特点。结果发现：多数中学生的学业压力处于中等程度,压力很大者和很小者只是极少数;高、中、低不同学习等级的中学生,学业压力依次递减;城市与年级、城市与性别对中学生的学业压力有显著交互作用。     

运动休闲调适对当代大学生课业压力的舒解效应研究

目的:探讨大学生课业压力现状,揭示其课业压力与运动休闲社团参与间的关联.方法:以中国民用航空飞行学院等3所高校的大学生为研究对象,采用问卷调查法并运用单因素方差分析及典型相关统计方法对数据进行处理.结果:不同性别大学生的课业压力存在较大差异,这种差异主要体现在情境压力构面中,表现为男学生高于女学生;运动社团参与对大学生的课业压力调适具有非常显著的舒解效应,表现为经常参与者在压力减轻、有效调适及调适满意三构面明显优于不参与者;每周运动天数不同,学生的课业压力及压力舒解差异明显,当周运动天数超过2d后,情境压力显著提升,而成绩压力则反而显著下降,而压力调适效应随着天数的增加而效果更加明显;课业压力与运动休闲调适结果间的典型相关关系表明,运动休闲调适能帮助学生减轻课业压力.结论:运动休闲可促进大学生身心健康,并能使它们从休闲情境中放松心情、舒解压力及储备充分的学习精力.     

关于双流县华阳中学学生数学观念的调查

采用开放式问卷的调查方法,调查了当代高中生数学观念的现状,并对其数学观念的现状进行了比较性的分析。调查发现:当代高中生整体对数学的认识存在一定的误区,对数学的认识非常肤浅,大部分的学生对待数学的态度都是敷衍与应付;学生学习成绩水平的高低对学生数学观念有着直接的影响;导致学生对数学的认识发生偏差的原因主要有:考试压力,学校老师压力,家长压力等。     

大学生学业压力与心智游移的关系:应对方式的中介作用

为研究大学生学业压力、应对方式与心智游移三者之间的作用关系,本文采用结构方程模型方法构建大学生学业压力、应对方式与心智游移的关系模型,并采用多阶段抽样法,对1008名大学生进行了问卷调查。研究结果表明:竞争压力、父母压力和期望压力正向影响自发思维,成绩目标压力、任务要求压力和挫折压力正向影响注意失控,前景压力和环境压力正向影响总体性评价;成绩目标压力和父母压力正向影响自责,前景压力和竞争压力正向预测幻想,成绩目标压力和任务要求压力正向影响退避;自责正向影响注意失控,幻想正向影响自发思维,退避正向影响注意失控和总体性评价;自责、幻想和退避的不成熟型应对方式是学业压力对心智游移影响的部分中介变量;选取适当的降压应对方式,可以有效降低大学生心智游移的负面影响。     

大学生焦虑心理的成因及其应对措施

分析大学生焦虑的现状,并总结造成大学生心理焦虑的原因有环境适应问题、学习压力问题、人际关系协调问题和就业压力问题;并提出建立学生班主任助理制度、普及心理健康知识、广泛开展文体娱乐活动和帮助学生确立正确的职业理想四种应对措施;对高校学生管理工作者关注当代大学生心理健康成长有一定参考意义。     

Variability and reduction of atmospheric pollutants in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Network was established by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The goals of the network were to monitor and provide warnings of the atmospheric quality in Beijing and its surrounding area during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The results showed that the atmospheric complex pollution exhibited high concentrations of ozone and fine particles and oxidation in summer, with a ubiquitous regional source. The regional mean concentrations of SO₂, PM_2.5, NO₂, and O_{3_8h max} (the maximum daily 8 h mean) and O_x were 22±11, 90±40, 25±5, 136±35 and 112±21 μg/m³ in summer, respectively. During the Olympic Games, the mean concentration of SO₂, PM_2.5, NO_{2, O3_8h} max, and O_x were 12.5±4, 56±28, 23±4, 114±29, 95±17 μg/m³ in the region, respectively, and fell by 51.0%, 43.7%, 13%, 20.2%, and 18.9%, respectively, compared to the prophase mean before the Olympic Games. The concentration of atmospheric pollutants declined significantly and achieved the “Green Olympics” control goal of air quality. After the Olympic Games, SO₂, PM_2.5 and NO_x increased significantly as the temporary atmospheric pollution control measures were terminated.     

Assessment of the uncertainties in temperature change in China during the last century

We have used the China Homogenized Historic Temperature dataset and some long-term station series of the neighbor countries from CRUTEM3, a 5°×5° gridded dataset of monthly mean temperature since 1900, to provide a 107-year record of surface tem-perature trends and variability. We derived a comprehensive set of uncertainty estimates to accompany the data: measurement and sampling errors, uncertainties in temperature bias estimates, and uncertainties arising from limited observational coverage on large-scale averages have all been estimated. We reanalysed the temperature changes during the period of record. The best estimates of trends for 1900–2006 with uncertainties at 95% confidence range are about 0.09±0.017°C/decade for the year as a whole, and 0.14±0.021°C/decade, 0.11±0.021°C/decade, 0.04±0.017°C/decade, and 0.07±0.017°C/decade for winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively. For 1954–2006, the trends for annual, winter, spring, summer and autumn are: 0.26±0.032°C/decade, 0.35±0.046°C/decade, 0.25±0.051°C/decade, 0.16±0.037°C/decade and 0.22±0.055°C/decade. Winter saw the most significant warming trend in both 1900–2006 and 1954–2006, while during the most recent period (the satellite era, 1979–2006), all the seasons show similar warming trends: 0.45±0.13°C/decade, 0.51±0.11°C/decade, 0.52±0.16°C/decade, 0.37±0.10°C/decade and 0.50±0.16°C/decade for annual, winter, spring, summer and autumn. Trends arising from urbanization have been evaluated as less than 5% of the total warming trend for 1951–2001, so this bias was not removed.     

三种速生人工林凋落物的持水性能

在广西国营高峰林场界牌分场选择立地条件、营林和管理措施、林分长势基本一致的5年生尾巨桉无性系3229(Eucalyptus3229)、厚荚相思(Acaciac rassicarpa)和马占相思(Acacia mangium)速生人工林,采集林下凋落物测定单位面积储量、持水量、持水率和持水速率,研究3种速生树种人工林下凋落物的持水性能。结果表明,厚荚相思凋落物的持水量和持水率最大,分别达18.40×103kg.hm-2和70%,尾巨桉3229的次之,分别为17.34×103kg.hm-2和50%,马占相思的最小,分别是13.49×103kg.hm-2和45%。厚荚相思和尾巨桉无性系3229的持水性能比马占相思的强。     

Ca5Zn3相稳定性和物理性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对Ca_5Zn_3化合物的晶格常数、形成焓、弹性常数、以及电子态密度等进行计算研究。为了获得Ca_5Zn_3化合物的结构稳定性,考虑了Cr_5B_3、W_5Si_3以及Mn_5Si_3 3种结构类型,计算得到的形成焓表明:具有Cr5B3结构类型的Ca_5Zn_3最稳定,其次为Mn_5Si_3型,最后是W_5Si_3型。对该化合物的弹性常数、电子态密度和电荷密度差进行了计算。最后利用德拜模型,对Ca_5Zn_3的热物理性能进行了计算,获得体积、体积模量、热膨胀系数以及等容热容随温度和压强变化的规律,为该化合物在热电方面的应用提供了理论依据。     

3种苏铁属植物总黄酮、总多糖含量及抗氧化活性研究

为探究锈毛苏铁(Cycas ferruginea)、叉孢苏铁(C.segmentifida)和石山苏铁(C.sexseminifera) 3种苏铁属(Cycas)植物的总黄酮、总多糖含量以及抗氧化活性,本研究采用超声波辅助法对其根、叶柄、叶、雄球花、茎干的总黄酮及总多糖含量进行提取,以DPPH自由基(DPPH·)、羟自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O^-₂·)清除率评价其抗氧化活性,并采用Pearson相关性分析法分析相关性。结果表明：锈毛苏铁、叉孢苏铁和石山苏铁叶的总黄酮含量较高,大小依次为锈毛苏铁(8.61 mg·100 mg^-1)>叉孢苏铁(7.82 mg·100 mg^-1)>石山苏铁(1.04 mg·100 mg^-1);茎干中总多糖含量最高,大小依次为叉孢苏铁(28.32 mg·100 mg^-1)>石山苏铁(24.43 mg·100 mg^-1)>锈毛苏铁(16.59 mg·100 mg^-1<...     

厚朴皮、叶、花水提物对小鼠胃肠动力作用的比较研究

目的探讨厚朴皮、叶、花对小鼠胃排空及肠推进运动的影响。方法采用胃排空、小肠推进运动实验法,观察高、低剂量厚朴皮、叶、花水提物对小鼠胃排空及小肠推进运动的影响。结果厚朴干皮、根皮、枝皮、叶水提物高、低剂量均能促进胃排空和肠推进运动,与蒸馏水对照组比较差异显著(P0.01,P0.05);厚朴根皮、枝皮、叶水提物组与相对应剂量厚朴干皮水提物组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论厚朴干皮、根皮、枝皮、叶水提物均具有促进胃排空、肠推进运动的作用,且厚朴根皮、枝皮、叶可代替厚朴干皮用于胃肠促动。     

Effect of aluminum oxide on the compressive strength of pellets

Analytical-reagent-grade Al₂O₃ was added to magnetite ore during the process of pelletizing, and the methods of mercury intrusion, scanning electron microscopy, and image processing were used to investigate the effect of Al₂O₃ on the compressive strength of the pellets. The results showed that, as the Al₂O₃ content increased, the compressive strength of the pellets increased slightly and then decreased gradually. When a small amount of Al₂O₃ was added to the pellets, the Al₂O₃ combined with fayalite (2FeO·SiO₂) and the aluminosilicate (2FeO·2Al₂O₃·5SiO₂) was generated, which releases some iron oxide and reduces the inhibition of fayalite to the solid phase of consolidation. When Al₂O₃ increased sequentially, high melting point of Al₂O₃ particles hinder the oxidation of Fe₃O₄ and the recrystallization of Fe2O3, making the internal porosity of the pellets increase, which leads to the decrease in compressive strength of the pellets.     

Evidence for metasomatic mantle carbonatitic magma extrusion in Mesoproterozoic ore-hosting dolomite rocks in the middle Kunyang rift, central Yunnan, China

The Kunyang rift lying on the western margin of the Yangtze platform is a rare Precambrian Fe-Cu mineralization zone. Wuding- Lufeng basin that is an important part of the zone is located on the west edge in the middle of the rift. The most important ore-hosting rocks are Mesoproterozoic dolomite rocks in the basin controlled by a ring fracture system, which is a fundamental structure of the basin. Plenty of silicate minerals and acicular apatite, feldspar phenocrysts and small vesicular, flown line and flown plane structures, melt inclusion and high temperature fluid inclusion found in most ore-hosting dolomites suggest that this kind of rocks could not be sedimentary dolomite, marble or hydrothermal carbonate rocks. The Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta values of the rocks are identical with those of associated mantle-derived rocks, and vary widely. For the monomineral dolomite, δ^18OSMOW‰=＋5.99 to ＋18.4 and δ^13CPDB‰ = -3.01 to ＋0.94, which fall within the range for all carbonatitic volcanic rocks of the world. As for the accessory minerals, the values of δ^18OSMOW‰ of magnetite （=＋3.47 to ＋5.99‰） are close to that of the mantle （〈5.7%）, and the δ^34S‰ values of sulfides （-5.09 to ＋5.78, averaging ＋1.50） are close to that of meteorite. For all the ore-bearing dolomite rocks, εNd = ＋0.19 to ＋2.27, and the calculated Isr=0.699143, while for the associated mantle-derived rocks, εnd = ＋3.18 to ＋3.72. All the data suggest that the mineral assemblage is not only igneous but also of metasomatic mantle origin. And the presence of acicular apatite indicates that the rocks were formed by magma rapidly cooling. And the phenocryst texture and vesicular, flown and ropy and pyroclastic structures suggest that the igneous rocks were extrusive. Therefore, the ore-bearing dolomite rocks are carbonatitic volcanic rocks. This conclusion implies that most iron and copper ore deposits hosted in the dolomite rocks should be of the carbonatite type.     

Dielectric,piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of lanthanum-modified PZTFN ceramics

Specimens of Pb_1?1.5xLa_x(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)_1?y?zFe_yNb_zO₃(x = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, and 0.016, y = z = 0.01) (PZTFN) ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. In the present study, the effect of La doping was investigated on the structural, microstructural, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics. The results show that, the tetragonal (space group P4mm) and rhombohedral (space group R3c) phases are observed to coexist in the sample at x = 0.012. Microstructural investigations of all the samples reveal that La doping inhibits grain growth. Doping of La into PZTFN improves the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The hysteresis loops of all specimens exhibit nonlinear behavior. The dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties show a maximum response at x ≥ 0.012, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB).     

Synthesis of the CuInSe2 thin film for solar cells using the electrodeposition technique and Taguchi method

The Taguchi method was used to obtain the optimum electrodeposition parameters for the synthesis of the CuInSe₂ thin film for solar cells. The parameters consist of annealing temperature, current density, CuCl₂ concentration, FeCl₃ concentration, H₂SeO₃ concentration, TEA amount, pH value, and deposition time. The experiments were carried out according to an L₁₈(2137) table An X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were respectively used to analyze the phases and observe the microstructure and the grain size of the CuInSe₂ film before and after annealing treatment. The results showed that the CuInSe₂ phase was deposited with a preferred plane (112) parallel to the substrate surface. The optimum parameters are as follows: current density, 7 mA/cm 2 ; CuCl₂ concentration, 10 mM; FeCl₃ concentration, 50 mM; H₂SeO₃ concentration, 15 mM; TEA amount, 0 mL; pH value, 1.65; deposition time, 10 min; and annealing temperature, 500℃.