正交试验优化乙酰水杨酸合成工艺

目的:研究乙酰水杨酸合成工艺的影响因素,探索乙酰水杨酸合成实验的最佳条件.方法:采用正交试验,考察水杨酸和乙酸酐的物质的量比(A)、反应温度(B)、反应时间(C)和催化剂浓硫酸的用量(与水杨酸用量的体积质量比)(D)四个因素对乙酰水杨酸产率的影响.结果:乙酰水杨酸合成的最佳条件为A_1B_3C_1D_1,即水杨酸和乙酸酐物质的量比为1︰2,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为8 min,催化剂用量为1%.结论:在此工艺条件下,乙酰水杨酸产率可达76.3%(以水杨酸的投料量计算).     

无毒增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的合成研究

以柠檬酸、正丁醇和乙酸酐为原料,经酯化、酰化两步反应合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯,考察了催化剂、原料配比、反应时间、温度等因素对合成反应的影响,确定最佳反应条件.     

2-甲基-6-硝基苯胺的合成及表征

以邻硝基苯胺为原料,经乙酰化、甲基化、水解三步反应合成得到了目标产物2-甲基-6-硝基苯胺,并采用IR、1H NMR和13C NMR对产物结构进行了表征。探讨了乙酰化反应时催化剂AlCl3用量、反应温度、反应时间和乙酸酐的滴加速率对邻硝基乙酰苯胺产率的影响,以及甲基化反应中催化剂AlCl3用量、反应温度、反应时间和硫酸二甲酯的滴加速率对产物产率的影响。在最佳合成条件下,2-甲基-6-硝基苯胺的产率可达93.9%。     

正交试验法催化合成阿司匹林条件的研究

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,经O-酰化反应合成了阿司匹林;通过正交试验探究了催化剂种类、水杨酸与乙酸酐的物质的量比、反应时间和反应温度对催化合成的影响;实验结果表明,合成阿司匹林的最优条件为：无水碳酸钠作为催化剂,其用量为水杨酸的4％,水杨酸与乙酸酐的物质的量比为1∶2,反应温度为65℃,反应时间为15 min,阿司匹林产率可达83.33％;方法操作简单,经济环保,产品质量好,适用于工业化生产.     

N-甲基苯氨基-4,6-二乙氧基-1,3,5-三嗪的合成与表征

目的为了进一步研究与发展均三嗪衍生物的制备方法。方法在丙酮介质中,三聚氯氰先后与N-甲基苯胺、乙醇反应,合成了N-甲基苯氨基-4,6-二乙氧基-1,3,5三嗪。结果标题化合物经红外光谱和质谱对它进行了表征。在最佳的工艺条件即,三聚氯氰3.7 g,N-甲基苯胺2 mL,乙醇30mL;反应温度:第一步反应温度为0~5℃,反应时间为0.5 h;第二步反应温度为28~32℃,反应时间为4 h;滴加速度均为0.5~1 mL.min-1时,目标产物收率为75%。结论制备方法简单,反应条件温和,效果良好。     

可膨胀石墨催化合成三乙酸甘油酯

以甘油和乙酸酐为原料、可膨胀石墨为催化剂合成了三乙酸甘油酯.研究了甘油和乙酸酐的摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产率的影响.实验结果表明可膨胀石墨是合成三乙酸甘油酯的良好催化剂.最佳反应条件:n(甘油):n(乙酸酐)=1:4.2,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,反应时间2 h,此条件下产率可达98.3%.     

正交设计优化N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸的合成研究

采用正交设计法,选择L9(34)表,研究N-乙酰-L-亮氨酸的合成,提高反应得率.实验发现,L-亮氨酸与乙酸酐的摩尔比为1∶1.2,乙酰化试剂分次加入,反应pH值为8～10,反应温度在10～15℃之间,酸化结晶pH值为1～3,反应时间1～2 h为适宜反应条件,产品得率可达到89%.     

酸性吗啉离子液体催化合成阿司匹林的研究

以N-甲基吗啉,氯磺酸为原料合成N-甲基-N-磺酸基吗啉盐酸盐的酸性离子液体,将其代替浓硫酸用于催化乙酸酐和水杨酸的酯化反应,合成阿司匹林。考察了原料配比、离子液体用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对阿司匹林产率的影响,并通过正交实验确定最佳合成条件。结果表明该离子液体对阿司匹林的合成具有良好的催化效果,在水杨酸20mmol、乙酸酐40mmol、N-甲基-N-磺酸基吗啉盐酸盐离子液体3mL、反应温度70℃、反应时间30min的条件下,阿司匹林产率可达77.12%。     

乙酰水杨酸合成方法改进

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料,以弱酸硫酸铝钾作催化剂可以方便的合成乙酰水杨酸,实验结果表明:反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、水杨酸与乙酸酐的比例等因素均有影响,最佳反应条件是:催化剂的用量为0.6g,n(水杨酸)n(乙酸酐)=1.0 2.0,恒温70℃,反应时间为30min,在优化的反应条件下,乙酰水杨酸的产率为77.8%。结果还表明,硫酸铝钾作为催化剂产率高于浓硫酸作催化剂的产率,而且产品色泽为白色,且纯度高。     

柠檬酸酐的合成与红外光谱研究

以柠檬酸、乙酸酐、乙酸为原料合成一种水基切削液防锈润滑添加剂的中间体—柠檬酸酐。采用红外光谱法对原料和不同温度下的产物进行测试,通过对红外光谱图的分析与比较,确定了制备柠檬酸酐的最佳反应条件：原料比为柠檬酸、乙酸酐1∶2(摩尔比)．反应时间为18h．反应温度为35℃。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.