恒定有压扩散流的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟（LES）方法对恒定有压扩散流进行了数值模拟，对大尺度漩涡直接求解Navier-Stokes方程，小尺度漩涡采用标准Smagorinsky亚格子模型模拟．针对不同雷诺数下扩散段内的水流进行数值模拟，得到了各雷诺数流动时的时均速度场，分析了不同流态下扩散段内恒定有压扩散流时均流动特性．通过对不同流态下扩散段内连续瞬态流场的分析，探讨了不同雷诺数流动时扩散段内瞬态流场结构特点以及分离区内漩涡的变化规律，指出在恒定流状态下扩散段内存在流动的局部不稳态现象（主流的非周期性摆动），并对此现象进行分析．计算结果和试验结果吻合较好．     

论无压流到有压流过渡段水流三维数值模拟

用流体软件Fluent6.2.16中的标准两方程紊流数值模型和VOF模型对由无压流到有压流过渡段内流场进行了三维数值模拟,分析了过渡段内水流流态、流速分布及压力分布规律,以期为水利工程中无压流到有压流过渡段的进一步研究提供参考。     

矩形汇流室水流性态模型试验研究

对水电站地下厂房尾水系统中的矩形汇流室的水流性态进行了模型试验研究，采用水面等位线描述了各种运行工况下矩形汇流室的水流流态，阐明了下游尾水位和不同机组运行工况对矩形汇流室的水头损失和水流流态的影响．试验表明，大多数工况下，尾水隧洞进口处都有较明显的颈缩现象，它直接与汇流室的体型有关，单机运行时投入２”机组运行，双机运行时采用１＃及２＃机组同时运行，或２＃及３＃机组同时运行，对减少汇流室的水头损失和改善水流流态有利。     

溢流反弧段紊流过渡区的边界层特性

利用高速水力学国家重．或实验室的激光测速仪对三种不同粗糙度、两种反弧半径的溢流反弧段的水流流速进行了测量，对边界居特性进行了分析研究。试验分析表明，水流流态、壁面粗糙度和壁面曲率对边界居特性有明显的影响。     

弯管差压测流最佳测量断面的选择

本文从分析弯管内水流运动规律出发，建立了弯管水流流量压差关系的基本公式。并通过大量试验，对弯管差压测流最佳测量断面的选择进行了较深入的研究，提出了最佳测量断面的选择范围，取得了规律性的有价值的结果。     

基于VOF模型的台阶式溢洪道的数值模拟

为了研究台阶式溢洪道在不同体型下的水流流态、流速分布和消能率等水力特性,采用RNG的湍流模型和VOF方法模拟台阶式溢洪道的水流流动,对不同体型的台阶式溢洪道进行了数值模拟计算。结果表明:模型1与模型2水流流态为跌落水流,对台阶的冲击和冲刷较大,模型4水流流态平稳,为滑行水流流态。4种模型消力池出池流速基本一致均较小,即消能效果较好,计算流速最大值小于15 m/s,45级台阶的消能率达最高。数值计算结果与物理模型试验相吻合,验证了该方法的可行性与实用性。     

上海中线2号污水泵站引水渠道和前池的试验研究

对世界银行贷款项目－－我国最大的污水治理工程污水治理二期工程中线2号污水泵站引水渠道及前汇进行了水力模型试验研究,在研究中采用清、浑水配水均匀性试验和设置压水板试验,并结合数模流场分析的方法,发现原污水泵站存在引水渠道水流流域不均匀,前池流态恶劣和泥沙淤积积严重,针对试验中的问题提出改进措施,措施效果理想,消除了前池不良流态,提高了泵站的工作效率。     

由风速和压强过程线解读水平旋流泄洪洞流态

以公伯峡水电站为例,结合原型风速和压强随闸门开度的变化过程线,研究了水平旋流泄洪洞的水流流态.试验系统描述了堰闸段、竖井段、起旋室、旋流洞、水垫塘及退水洞内水流流态的变化过程,对比分析了原型和模型流态的差异.结果表明受收缩环的影响,在闸门开启过程中堰闸段水流由堰流向淹没流过渡,竖井段水流由自由跌落向淹没射流过渡;旋流洞内流态的变化大致可分为五个阶段,经历由自由流向吸吮流转变的过程;水垫塘调整流态的作用显著,退水洞内水流呈稳定的明流流态.     

掺气分流墩台阶式溢洪道的水流流态和流速特性

通过模型试验，研究了掺气分流墩台阶式溢洪道的流流态和流速特性。结果表明：此种消能工能改善台阶式溢洪道的水流流态，大幅度地减小水流流速。在试验范围内，掺气分流墩台阶式溢洪道的流速较相应光滑溢洪道减小了18．4％－68．3％，较相应的台阶式溢洪道降低了6．8％－54．0％。     

内螺旋翅片管应用于电喷射加热器的研究

根据理论分析及实验观察，提出了电喷射加热器管内水被加热过程的模型，观察了冰同喷射加热管出口处水流态，其中内螺旋翅片管内水流态呈螺旋状，而光壁管，直翅片管均沿轴线平行，试验结果表明：内螺旋翅片管制成的电喷射加热器出开水时间最快和出开水量最大，其次分别是直翅片管和光壁管，另外采用内螺旋翅片管制成电喷射加热器金属块温度最低，其次分别是直翅片管和光壁管。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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