转基因植物的安全性

随着现代生物技术的飞速发展，转基因食品得到了广大消费者的青睐。在目前已经被批准商业化生产的３ 类转基因食品中，植物转基因食品的重要性要比其它两类大得多，占 ９０％以上，因此，现阶段所说的转基因食品实际上主要是指转基因植物食品。 自１９８３年首次获得转基因植物以来，转基因技术发展十分迅速。１９９０ 年第一例转基因棉花田间种植试验成功。１９９６ 年至１９９９年共有１２个国家种植了转基因植物。目前已形成抗虫、抗病、抗逆、品质改良、控制发育和利用植物生产药物６ 大类转基因植物。根据美国农业部的统计，美国生产的…     

转基因食品安全吗？

１９７３年 ,美国斯坦福大学的斯坦利·科恩教授开发成功转基因技术 ;１９８３年 ,第一株转基因植物诞生 ,人类第一次感到可以像上帝一样创造生命。人类面临的一些严重问题有了新的出路 ,无数人投身到这项令人激动的工作中。１０多年来 ,转基因技术得到了迅速发展。全世界转基因植物种植面积由１９９６年的２８０万公顷迅速增加到１９９９年的将近４０００万公顷。美国４０%的农田种植了经过基因改良的作物。许多转基因农作物 ,比如大豆、玉米、棉花、油菜籽、西红柿、烟草、薯类、南瓜和木瓜等等 ,已实现商品化。转基因食品已经走上了千家…     

转基因小麦的环境风险

随着转基因植物种植面积的不断增加,转基因植物对环境的影响受到越来越多的关注.小麦面包品质改良是目前转基因小麦研究的重点之一.文章对小麦遗传转化、转基因植物生态风险和转基因小麦的环境适应等相关问题进行了一系列的综述.     

植物外源基因拷贝数及插入位点的检测方法与技术

随着转基因技术的快速发展,转基因植物在世界范围内已经大量种植.近年来,转基因植物的安全性越来越受到公众关注.转基因植物安全性与有效性的关键因素是外源基因拷贝数与插入位点.本文综述了近年来植物外源基因拷贝数与插入位点的检测方法.     

转基因植物对土壤生态系统的影响

随着转基因植物的大面积商业化种植,其对土壤生态系统造成的影响日益引起人们的关注。本文综述了转基因植物对土壤中动物、微生物及土壤酶活性的影响,并且对转基因植物对土壤生态系统的影响进行了展望,以期为转基因植物对土壤环境的生态风险性评价提供参考。     

转基因农作物对生物多样性的影响

自1983年第一例转基因植物问世以来，转基因作物种类迅猛增加，种植的面积在不断扩大，也给人类带来了非常明显的经济效益。与此同时，人们已经注意到转基因作物对生物多样性已经或可能产生的影响；对遗传多样性的影响；对生态系统多样性的影响；对物种多样性的影响。     

转基因植物的类型及其存在的问题

近年来转基因植物种植面积在迅速地扩大,同时种类也在不断地增加,其产生的经济效益是显而易见的,在世界各国的影响范围也越来越广泛,因此本文对转基因植物的类型、研究和开发转基因植物的意义及存在的问题作了简要的介绍。     

转基因植物药物的开发研究评述

基因工程的完善与发展为利用转基因植物作为生物反应器来开发与生物转基因植物药物提供了可靠的技术基础，目前已利用转基因植物作为反应器生产出了多种转基因植物药物，其中包括多种药品和疫苗，已有的转基因植物药物的临床实验及国内外的应用表明转基因植物药物安全是可靠的，随着表达效率和遗传稳定性的不断提高，转基因植物药物的开发研究将会在21世纪得到更大的发展。     

转基因食品安全吗?

 １９７３年 ,美国斯坦福大学的斯坦利·科恩教授开发成功转基因技术 ;１９８３年 ,第一株转基因植物诞生 ,人类第一次感到可以像上帝一样创造生命。人类面临的一些严重问题有了新的出路 ,无数人投身到这项令人激动的工作中。１０多年来 ,转基因技术得到了迅速发展。全世界转基因植物种植面积由１９９６年的２８０万公顷迅速增加到１９９９年的将近４０００万公顷。美国４０%的农田种植了经过基因改良的作物。许多转基因农作物 ,比如大豆、玉米、棉花、油菜籽、西红柿、烟草、薯类、南瓜和木瓜等等 ,已实现商品化。转基因食品已经走上了千家万户的餐桌。     

转基因植物检测技术研究进展

随着植物基因工程技术的发展,转基因植物的研究和开发取得了令人瞩目的成绩,已培育了一批抗虫、抗病、抗除草剂和高产优质的转基因农作物新品种。与此同时,转基因植物检测技术不断丰富和完善,促进了转基因植物科学鉴定和评价,以及转基因植物商业化种植。目前报道的转基因植物检测方法主要有3类,一是在整合水平上进行的检测,包括PCR检测、Southern blot检测和染色体原位杂交检测等;二是在转录水平上进行的检测,包括RT-PCR检测、Northern blot杂交检测等;三是在表达水平上进行的检测,包括组织化学染色检测、荧光蛋白检测、Western blot检测、ELISA检测、叶片退绿检测和叶片涂抹除草剂检测等。     

Resistance to rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) caused by the expression of trichosanthin gene in transgenic rice plants transferred through agrobacterium method

The gene of trichosanthin has been transferred into rice plants through agrobacterium method. The single copy insertion and the expression of foreign gene have been proved in regenerated plants. In antifungal assay the degrees of rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) infection of the transgenic plants expressing trichosanthin and expressingGUS gene as control have been evaluated. The differences such as the time of disease symptom observed, the number of infected plants and damaged leaves, the growth of infected plants of the two transgenic plants after being inoculated by rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) are significant. The transgenic plants with trichosanthin gene grew faster than the plants withGUS gene, even when humidity environment was removed. The results show that the transgenic plants that expressed trichosanthin are able to delay the infection of rice blast compared with the plants as control. In addition, no damage caused by the expression of trichosanthin gene in transgenic plants has been observed.     

转基因植物标记基因的研究进展

随着商业化植物转基因品种的不断出现,人们对转基因植物的安全问题谈论得越来越多,其中争论的焦点之一即筛选标记基因的安全性。科学工作者尝试培育具安全选择标记基因或无选择标记的转基因植物,目的是提高转基因植物安全性,使之更易为广大消费者所接受。本文就这方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Expression of two insect-resistant genes crylA ( b&c )/GNA in transgenic tobacco plants results in added protection against both cotton bollworm and aphids

The synthesized Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein gene crylA(b&c) and the synthesized gene GNA, (the mannose specific lectin from snowdrop ( Galanthus nivalis)), tumefaciens have been inserted into plant expression vector pGW4BAI. Leave stripes of Nico-tiana tabacum var. K326 have been transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. 28 kanamycin resistant tobacco plants have been obtained. PCR and Southern blot analyses show that the foreign crylA and GNA genes have been inserted into the genome of transformed tobacco plants. Haemagglutination assays show that GNA has a functional activity. Leaf disc bioassays against cotton bollworm ( H. armigera) show that the transgenic tobacco plants have a high insecticidal activity. The inhibition of aphid population in leaf disc bioassays against Myzus persicae shows that the fecundity of aphid on transgenic plants is lower than that on untransformed plants; the aphid population on the transgenic tobacco plants is 25%-70% that on untransformed tobacco plants. ELISA analysis of CrylA protein in tobcco leaves provides similar data to bioassay results. Through the two bioassays against H. armigera and M. persicae, several transgenic tobacco plants showing high insect-resistant activities to both pests have been obtained.     

泛素启动子在转基因植物中的应用

启动子是基因表达调控的重要元件,在转基因植物中,选择高效率的启动子是高效率表达外源基因的关键.泛素启动子以其启动效率高、甲基化程度相对较低、遗传性状稳定等特点而成为目前研究较多的启动子之一.综述了泛素启动子研究现状,包括泛素基因的结构特点、泛素启动子的高效机制及在转基因植物中的应用和存在的问题.     

论转基因植物的研究进展

随着植物基因工程技术的发展,转基因植物的研究和开发取得了令人瞩目的成绩,转基因植物的产业化前景越受到公众的关注．本文介绍转基因植物的研究进展并分析转基因植物在农业和医疗的应用及发展前景。     

Expression of two insect-resistant genescryIA (b&c)/GNA in transgenic tobacco plants results in added protection against both cotton bollworm and aphids

The synthesizedBacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein gene cryIA(b&c) and the synthesized geneGNA, (the mannose specific lectin from snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis)), tumefaciens have been inserted into plant expression vector pGW4BAI. Leave stripes ofNicotiana tabacum var. K326 have been transformed withAgrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the plant expression vector. 28 kanamycin resistant tobacco plants have been obtained. PCR and Southern blot analyses show that the foreigncryIA andGNA genes have been inserted into the genome of transformed tobacco plants. Haemagglutination assays show thatGNA has a functional activity. Leaf disc bioassays against cotton bollworm (H. armigera) show that the transgenic tobacco plants have a high insecticidal activity. The inhibition of aphid population in leaf disc bioassays againstMyzus persicae shows that the fecundity of aphid on transgenic plants is lower than that on untransformed plants; the aphid population on the transgenic tobacco plants is 25%–70% that on untransformed tobacco plants. ELISA analysis of ClyIA protein in tobcco leaves provides similar data to bioassay results. Through the two bioassays againstH. armigera andM. persicae, several transgenic tobacco plants showing high insect-resistant activities to both pests have been obtained.     

植物转基因对现代农业的促进作用及其食用安全性

介绍了植物转基因技术在农作物的改良、农药的减少使用和生态环境的改善等方面所作的贡献。还对转基因食品的毒性和过敏性、转基因植物栽培所面临的生态风险及转基因产品政府监管的必要性做了相应的介绍。转基因植物、转基因食品及其衍生品商业化已有30多年,到目前为止绝大多数科学论文都已证明转基因植物与非转基因植物在成分上无显著差异。最近天然转基因甘薯(红薯)的发现更进一步表明了转基因产品的安全性。     

Functional analysis of DNA 4 coding region from a Chinese Zhangzhou isolate of banana bunchy top virus

The DNA 4 coding region of banana bunchy top virus from a Chinese Zhangzhou isolate (BBTV-ZZ) is cloned by PCR. The sequencing analysis shows that it is 351 nucleotides long and it putatively encodes a protein of 116 amino acids. On the basis of a plant binary vector pBin438, the plant expression vector pBBTV-4B harboring the BBTV-ZZ DNA 4 coding region has been constructed and then transferred to tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum cv. Xanthi nc) by a Agrobacterium-mediated procedure. Under insect-free condition, movement-defective mutant of CMV-Fny strain (CMV-Fny-△MP) is mechanically inoculated on the lower leaves of transgenic plants. Systemic symptoms with different degrees of severity are developed in the upper uninoculated leaves of transgenic plants at 12 days postinoculation (dpi), while no symptoms can be seen in the uninoculated leaves of untransformed plants at any time. Accumulation of CMV-Fny is detected on the upper uninoculated leaves of transgenic plants, but is not on that of untransformed plants by indirect double antibody sandwich enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The results reveal that transgenic plants have acquired the property of cell-to-cell movement and systemic spread of CMV-Fny-△MP. This suggests that the protein encoded by BBTV-ZZ DNA 4 might have function of viral movement protein.     

转基因植物的生态安全性

在阐述转基因植物产生的必然性和应用现状的基础上,分析转基因植物的生态风险及可能带来的环境问题和转基因食品的安全性问题。认为转基因植物本身可能会变为杂草或使其近缘物种变为杂草,转基因植物可能产生新的病毒或超级病毒,转基因植物对非靶标有益生物、土壤生态系统和生物多样性会有直接或间接的影响。建议抱着理性认识和客观对待的科学态度来对待转基因食品。