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The paper is about negotiating with issues that discourage innovation. The subject is environmental deterioration, with concern directed at the impediments that keep it from being innovatively resolved. The paper is organized around three issues. (1) The dominant model of environmental concern, called environmental protection, is managed predominantly via command and control approaches. (2) Command and control, by relying on analytical segmentation to subdivide the problem into digestible bits and using formal legislation to direct it, are not up to emerging challenges in the area. (3) More robust models are available but difficult to experiment with due to impediments that discourage change. These impediments are seen in ideals associated with protection, prevention, recycling, and sustainability that tend to do more to sustain harmful practices than to seek beneficial alternatives. Being able to appreciate the underlying restrictions of entropy could help stimulate a more innovative agenda. These issues are tested via a project funded by the EPA entitled ENERGY STAR Homes. 相似文献
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许多程序模型是以数学或逻辑为基础设计并分析的,但程序模型的实现首先是个物理系统,它依物理规律,而非数学或逻辑规则活动.但人们习惯于用状态序列对并列程序模型的语义作数学处理.一旦偏序的状态空间用交叉的方法全序化,并用于论证程序性质,误导就在所难免.所谓误导,指的是与实际运行的偏差,借助于Petri网,可以将它们暴露出来.其实偏差的出现与Petri网的基本现象冲突(conflicct)、冲撞(contact)、并发(concurrency)和混惑(confusion)相关.本文用Petri网分析误导的情况. 相似文献
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Fundamentalism is a response to an environment that is undergoing an accelerating rate of change and rapidly increasing complexity. These two conditions combine to produce what is generally referred to as a "turbulent" or "chaotic" environment. Such an environment is characterized by discontinuities and uncertainty, hence unpredictability. It is one in which it is easy for individuals and organizations to become disorientated. Fundamentalism is a defensive response that avoids disorientation but replaces it with something worse. Panaceas proness is a moderate form of fundamentalism. 相似文献
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FMS建模和形式化验证 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
提出了一种FMS的建模方法,此方法是基于时间自动机模型。运用模型检查工具UPPAAL来进行建模,仿真和验证。由于时间的因素被考虑到建模方法中,因此FMS的调度和控制问题可以被集成到这个模型中。在系统的行为被控制的同时,可以保证系统的性能指标。从而最优调度和最优控制可以得到检查和验证。 相似文献
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制造系统的建模方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李凌丰 《系统工程理论与实践》1997,17(12):27-33
本文阐述了基于CIM-OSA框架的集成化制造系统模。它的建模框架基于一个集成模型的四个建模视图:功能视图、信息视图、资源视图和组织视图。功能视图是以围绕中心的四个基本结构的建模方法来建立制造系统的功能与行为模型,四个基本结构分别是:事件、过程、作业和操作;信息视图是基于结构化的面向对象的模型以信息元素、对象视图和企业对象的形式表述事务数据与信息;资源视图描述制造系统的被动的和主动的资源;组织视图定义模型不同部分的责任和权力,以及以组织单元、组织细胞表示的结构。 相似文献
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我国物流成本较发达国家一直偏高,2010年以来油价高企推动物流成本上升,物流成本对价格水平的影响受到广泛关注,但鲜有关于物流成本对价格水平的定量研究. 本文通过构建因子增广向量自回归(FAVAR)模型深入研究了我国物流成本对工业产品产量和价格水平的影响与传导机制,结果表明:1)物流成本对主要工业产品产量和社会物流总额存在长期负向影响. 2)物流成本对价格水平存在正向影响,并且CPI对物流成本冲击的反应比PPI更加灵敏,反应幅度也更大. 3)物流成本对CPI和PPI的冲击主要通过食品价格传导. 总之,物流成本是通货膨胀的重要“推动力”之一,降低物流成本对于扩大产出和稳定物价水平具有重要意义. 相似文献
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“公平偏好”是正确处理公平与效率之间关系的一个重要理论,近年来是实验经济学研究的热点问题.由于它与“理性人“假设的矛盾,所以较难纳入到经典经济学的理论分析框架.本研究在经典经济学理论假设下逐步引入信息和记忆效应,构建双盲最后通牒博弈模型、分配者策略模型和动态交互博弈模型,通过计算机模拟进行检验.动态交互博弈模型的计算机模拟产生非零的分配比率,与以往文献中的现场实验结果和现实情况吻合,表明公平偏好与信息和记忆效应有内在联系,即在经典经济学的基本框架下引入信息和记忆效应可导出公平偏好,由此搭建了经济学理性人假设与公平偏好的桥梁. 相似文献
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针对用线极化天线测速雷达测量弹丸飞行姿态问题,利用电磁理论推导并分析了底部刻槽弹丸的姿态特征参数。首先由雷达电轴与刻槽弹丸对称轴之间的关系,建立弹体散射矩阵,得到散射场的粗略表示,说明刻槽测量姿态的原理;其次,利用理想导体上无限长窄槽的表面等效磁流的近似表达式,详细推导了凹槽散射的远场表达式;再次,比较了刻槽后平行极化与垂直极化的远区散射场,用解析法和数值法仿真了不同飞行姿态下刻槽对弹丸散射回波的调制作用并与实测数据进行了比较,数值仿真了姿态特征参数的单调性;最后,对姿态特征参数的增强方法进行了简要的讨论和展望。仿真结果表明,在一定章动角范围内,该姿态特征参数能够表征弹丸的飞行姿态,具有相对稳健性和单调性。 相似文献
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A calculus for services innovation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services (e-services) domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers (i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation), three business foci (i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused), six business principles (i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy), eight technical enablers (i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization), and six attributes of decision informatics (i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive). It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the growing knowledge economy, 相似文献
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理论和实验都是仿真的基础,仿真不是基于模型的实验,而是实验的延伸。上升到方法论高度看,理论通过演绎(法)、实验通过归纳(法),而仿真则通过类比(法)获得新知识。因此,仿真已成为继理论和实验以后人们认识世界的第三种基本活动。 相似文献
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基于扩展UML的多Agent系统建模方法 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
基于对象和Agent概念的一致性 ,在多Agent系统的建模过程中 ,利用已经比较成熟的面向对象技术是一种值得重视的方法。在分析了统一建模语言 (UML)的基本建模思想和基于组织分析的多Agent系统建模思路基础上 ,以一个分布式后勤管理系统的分析为例 ,从Agent组织的角色定义、静态组织结构描述和动态行为描述等三方面给出了基于扩展UML的多Agent系统建模的主要步骤和方法 相似文献
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YE Minqiang 《系统科学与系统工程学报(英文版)》1994,(2)
ADynamicModelofSensibilityAnalysisinProjectEvaluationYEMinqiang(Dept.ofI.B.M.,HuaqiaoUniversity,Quanzhou,Fujian362011,China)A... 相似文献