表面活性剂Bi对自旋阀多层膜交换耦合场的影响及其微结构分析

采用磁控溅射方法制备了Ta(10nm)/NiFe(8nm)/Cu(2.6nm)/NiFe(3.6nm)/FeMn(9nm)/Ta(10nm)自旋阀多层膜.在Cu/NiFe界面沉积适量厚度的Bi原子能够有效地提高交换耦合场,沉积过量的Bi原子会导致交换耦合场下降.X射线光电子能谱分析结果表明:沉积在Cu/NiFe界面的Bi原子可以有效地抑制Cu原子在NiFe层表面的偏聚;当沉积过量的Bi原子时,Bi原子会进一步迁移到FeMn中,形成杂质,从而破坏了FeMn的反铁磁性,使交换耦合场降低.     

Gd／FeMn磁性薄膜交换偏置特胜研究

本文采用直流磁控溅射方法制备Ta／Gd／FeMn／Ta多层膜，研究不同温度下样品的磁滞回线和磁性。研究表明。Ta／Gd／FeMn／Ta多层膜的交换偏置场随测量温度的升高由负值逐渐变为正值，矫顽力随测量温度的升高而减小，当温度接近或超过Gd的居里温度时矫顽力和交换偏置场均消失。出现上述现象的原因是铁磁层Gd的易磁化轴随温度的变化而变化所致。     

NiMn薄膜的无序有序转变

研究了Si/Ta/NiMn/Al和Si/Ta/NiFe/NiMn/Al多层膜中NiMn薄膜经300 oC 5 h不同次数循环退火后的有序化情况.X射线衍射定量计算结果表明,高温循环退火能极大地促进NiMn薄膜的有序化.NiMn薄膜中有序相的含量随退火循环数的增加而持续增加.但含NiFe层的膜有序化过程要比无NiFe层时缓慢.显然,NiFe对NiMn的有序化有阻碍作用.     

NiO钉扎的自旋阀的结构和磁性

利用反应溅射的方法制备了ＮｉＯ薄膜,并研究了ＮｉＯ对ＮｉＦｅ薄膜的钉扎作用结果表明钉扎场与反应溅射的Ａｒ／Ｏ２比例,总的溅射气压、基底的粗糙度等有很大关系,利用光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）分析了ＮｉＯ２中的Ｎｉ２Ｏ离子的价态,并制备了ＮｉＯ钉扎的自旋阀Ｔａ／ＮｉＯ／ＮｉＦｅ／Ｃｕ／ＮｉＦｅ／Ｔａ,其磁电阻（ＭＲ）可达到２．２％,忆场为１０．４８ｋＡ／ｍ。     

三层不对称铁磁膜中的自旋波体模

本文研究了表面钉扎的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三层不对称铁磁膜，利用界面重标度方法，求解了自旋波的低能量子本征问题．数值计算结果表明，当相邻层的界面处自旋波完全钉扎或近钉扎时．在Ｊ＿ｉＳ＿ｉ（ｉ＝Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ）值较小的一层，发生自旋波的共振局域现象．     

(Ni0.79Fe0.21)1-xNbx种子层对Ni0.79Fe0.21 合金磁电阻的影响

采用磁控溅射的方法．在诱导磁场下制备了[(Nio．79Feo．21)1-xNbx]／NiFe／Ta系列膜，测量了种子层中Nb原子的百分含量、膜的微结构和膜的MR(Magnetoresistance)．研究了种子层的厚度和种子层中Nb原子的百分含量对NiFe的MR的影响．实验表明：以NiFeNb为种子层可较明显的改善Ni0．79Feo．21膜的微结构，提高其磁电阻性能。     

膜厚对NiO/NiFe/Cu/NiFe磁阻效应的影响

用射频磁控溅射方法制备多层膜,研究了双层膜ＮｉＯ／ＮｉＦｅ的矫顽力Ｈｃ和交换耦合场Ｈｅｘ与反铁磁层ＮｉＯ、铁磁层ＮｉＦｅ厚度的关系,结果表明：ＮｉＯ厚度为７０ｎｍ时,Ｈｅｘ最大;Ｈｃ随ＮｉＯ厚度增大而增大．当ＮｉＦｅ厚度增加时,Ｈｅｘ近似线性减小;而Ｈｃ则随ＮｉＦｅ厚度增大开始有缓慢增加,然后才减小．对于ＮｉＯ（７０ｎｍ）／ＮｉＦｅ（ｔ１）／Ｃｕ（２．２ｎｍ）／ＮｉＦｅ（ｔ２）自旋阀多层膜材料（括号内的量表示厚度）,研究了ＮｉＦｅ膜厚度对磁阻效应的影响,结果表明：被钉扎层ＮｉＦｅ的厚度为３ｎｍ,自由层ＮｉＦｅ的厚度为５ｎｍ时,ＭＲ值最大,约为１．６％．     

易轴取向对硬磁/软磁多层膜磁性能的影响

通过微磁学方法,系统计算了硬磁/软磁多层膜（Nd2Fe14B/-Fe多层膜）在晶轴和外场存在夹角情况下的磁矩空间分布、磁滞回线和磁能积.计算表明,在膜面内易轴的偏角对磁性多层膜的磁化反转过程以及剩磁和钉扎场的影响较大.与=0°的情况相比,偏角不为0°时,体系没有明显的成核点.只有在剩磁状态（H=0）时,磁性多层膜内部的磁矩才会出现一致的取向（≡）,随着外场的减小,软磁相内部磁矩快速偏转,并且通过界面处的交换耦合作用带动硬磁相内部磁矩的偏转.当软磁相厚度较小时,钉扎场随着的增大先减小后增大,在等于30o附近出现一个低谷;当软磁相厚度较大时,钉扎场随着的增大而单调增大.体系的剩磁和矫顽力随着的增加都呈现出减小的趋势,导致磁能积随的增加而急剧减小,这在一定程度上解释了材料最大磁能积的实验值和理论值之间的巨大差距.     

低温铝诱导形成纳米硅的特性研究

采用玻璃／氢化非晶硅（a—Si：H）以吕结构，在低温（≤350℃）下，应用铝诱导晶化法（AIC），形成了纳米硅（nc-Si）．利用X射线衍射（XRD）光谱、拉曼（Raman）光谱和紫外可见近红外光谱（UVVis—NIR），研究了退火升温时间对a—Si：H薄膜的结构及其光学特性的影响．结果表明，随着退火升温时间的增加，廿Si：H膜的晶化率X。增加而硅晶粒尺寸基本不变，光吸收系数α增加．这主要是由于铝和氢化非晶硅膜之间的氧化层很薄以及退火升温导致Al—Si之间的互扩散增强，使硅的成核密度很高和扩散到a-Si：H膜中的铝浓度较高造成的。     

以NiFeNb为新种子层的纳米级坡莫合金薄膜的零场电阻率

以NiFeNb为新种子层，采用直流磁控溅射法制备了具有不同Nb含量(x)、种子层厚度(d)和NiFe厚度(t)的(Ni82Fe18)(1-x)Nbx(dA)／Ni82Fe18(tA)／Ta(30A)纳米级坡莫合金系列膜，并对部分样品进行了中温退火。测量了样品的磁电阻曲线和微结构。从实验角度研究了零场电阻率(p)随z、d、t及退火的变化。结果表明。NiFeNb作为种子层能较大地提高坡莫合金薄膜的ID；一定厚度坡莫合金薄膜的ID极大的最佳工艺条件是x约为27．5％，d约为27．5A；不同Nb含量、种子层厚度等工艺条件引起坡莫合金薄膜具有不同颗粒粒径分布，从而引起4s电子受到的内禀散射、颗粒表面和边界散射及其关系的不同，再加上织构、4s电子球对称性受破坏程度和薄膜均匀程度的不同导致了零场电阻率随工艺条件的变化。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that