漂浮阳极泥中铋的提取与三氧化二铋的制备

漂浮阳极泥经过盐酸浸出、稀释水解、氢氧化钠中和得到氯氧铋,氯氧铋经过氢氧化钠转化制备得到三氧化二铋.当盐酸浓度为6mol/L,固液比为1∶5,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为1h时,漂浮阳极泥中锑和铋浸出率分别达到99.17％和99.08％.当稀释比为8∶1时,盐酸浸出液中锑水解率为98.13％,铋水解率仅为8.8％.稀释后液中加入氢氧化钠溶液,当pH为1.5时,铋水解率达到99.5％,水解产物氯氧铋(BiOCl)中铋、氧、氯的质量分数分别为54.23％,19.30％和14.61％.氯氧铋再次经过盐酸浸出,稀释水解,氢氧化钠沉淀得到氯氧铋.除杂后氯氧铋经过硫酸洗涤、氢氧化钠转化,当氢氧化钠浓度为6mol/L,液固比为3∶1,反应温度为80℃时,反应2h后过滤,用0.5mol/L盐酸洗涤得到形貌为纤维状、晶型为单斜的α-Bi2O3,氧化铋纯度达到99.81％.     

改性沸石对水中氨氮的去除效果

以景观水体为研究对象,将沸石进行盐、盐＋热、盐＋碱和盐＋酸复合改性,研究其对废水中氨氮去除效果的影响．结果表明,利用最佳质量浓度为3％的NaCl改性沸石进行除氨氮实验,当反应吸附时间为60min时,对氨氮的去除率可达80％;再对NaCl改性沸石在500℃下煅烧2h ,当吸附时间为30min时,氨氮去除率高达95％．其去除率较NaCl改性沸石提高1.19倍,较天然沸石提高1.73倍．     

Experimental detection of the inner core translational triplet

The translational oscillation of the solid inner core is one of the Earth’s fundamental normal modes, which is also called Slichter mode. The normal mode should be split to form a triplet due to the Earth’s rotation and ellipticity. In this study, according to the splitting pattern of Slichter mode, an attempt has been made to detect the possibility of Slichter triplet’s existence by using the product spectra of the long-term continuous gravity measurements from the superconducting gravimeters (SG) at 6 glo...     

Measurement of stellar age from uranium decay

The ages of the oldest stars in the Galaxy indicate when star formation began, and provide a minimum age for the Universe. Radioactive dating of meteoritic material and stars relies on comparing the present abundance ratios of radioactive and stable nuclear species to the theoretically predicted ratios of their production. The radioisotope 232Th (half-life 14 Gyr) has been used to date Galactic stars, but it decays by only a factor of two over the lifetime of the Universe. 238U (half-life 4.5 Gyr) is in principle a more precise age indicator, but even its strongest spectral line, from singly ionized uranium at a wavelength of 385.957 nm, has previously not been detected in stars. Here we report a measurement of this line in the very metal-poor star CS31082-001, a star which is strongly overabundant in its heavy elements. The derived uranium abundance, log(U/H) = -13.7 +/- 0.14 +/- 0.12 yields an age of 12.5 +/- 3 Gyr, though this is still model dependent. The observation of this cosmochronometer gives the most direct age determination of the Galaxy. Also, with improved theoretical and laboratory data, it will provide a highly precise lower limit to the age of the Universe.     

以高砷精炼铋烟尘为原料制备高纯氯氧化锑

以高砷精炼铋烟尘为原料,采用盐酸浸出、锑粉还原、水解、盐酸溶解、除杂、水解工艺制备高纯氯氧化锑。盐酸浸出高砷精炼铋烟尘,当盐酸溶液与精炼铋烟尘液固比为3：1、反应时间为4 h、反应温度为80℃、盐酸用量为1.2倍理论用量时,Sb,As,Bi和Pb浸出率分别为99.50％,92.79％,95.12％和85.34％;在盐酸浸出液中加入锑粉还原后水解,当水解温度为20℃、水解时间为1 h、稀释比为10：1时,Sb3+水解率达到98.25％;水解产物经盐酸溶解后加入除杂剂,反应1 h后进行二次水解,经过滤、洗涤、烘干所得产品;产品中Sb质量分数达到75.71％,而杂质As,Pb和Bi的质量分数分别为0.081 9％,0.039 2％和0.118 7％。产品为粒度均匀的菱形颗粒,其化学式为SB4O5Cl2。     

TDLAS技术在天然气微量泄漏检测过程中的应用

随着全球对天然气的需求急剧增加,管道输送也显得越来越重要,而高效迅速的天然气管道泄漏检测技术是管道安全运行的重要保障。TDLAS检测技术是利用气体分子吸收光谱的原理来进行天然气泄漏检测的。本文将系统详细的介绍TDLAS技术的研究进展和原理方法,而且设计了一种实验室的TDLAS实验系统,最后指出了现在仍存在的一些问题和未来发展。     

粗结晶硫酸铜脱除砷、锑和铋研究

用氧化-中和-共沉淀方法脱除粗硫酸铜中的砷、锑、铋,使之达到电积铜粉用硫酸铜溶液的质量要求。结果表明:在200 mL硫酸铜溶液中,当Cu2+质量浓度为60 g/L,质量分数为3%的H2O2加入量为4 mL,质量分数为20%的聚合硫酸铁加入量为3 mL,氧化时间为10 min,过滤后滤液中加入Na2CO3调节pH至3.80,反应60 min时,除杂综合效果最好,As脱除率达94.17%,Sb脱除率达45.95%,Bi脱除率达88.64%,原液中Fe脱除率达98.83%。     

天然气与冰反应生成水合物的实验研究

在一个小型工业化水合物生成装置上 ,对由冰和天然气反应生成天然气水合物的过程及动力学进行了研究 .实验结果表明 :水合物的生成温度与诱导时间无关 ,诱导时间不会改变水合物的生成条件 ;较大的过饱和度或过冷度对水合物生成有利 .此外 ,采用过压方式 ,研究了这种类似结晶过程的扰动作用 .最后还得到了最佳的反应时间 .     

Experimental study on dehydration melting of natural biotite-plagioclase gneiss from High Himalayas and implications for Himalayan crust anatexis

Here we present the results of dehydration melting, melt morphology and fluid migration based on the dehydration melting experiments on natural biotite-plagioclase gneiss performed at the pressure of 1.0—1.4 GPa, and at the temperature of 770—1028℃. Experimental results demonstrate that: (ⅰ) most of melt tends to be distributed along mineral boundaries forming “melt film” even the amount of melt is less than 5 vol%; melt connectivity is controlled not only by melt topology but also by melt fraction; (ⅱ) dehydration melting involves a series of subprocesses including subsolidus dehydration reaction, fluid migration, vapor-present melting and vapor-absent melting; (ⅲ) experiments produce peraluminous granitic melt whose composition is similar to that of High Himalayan leucogranites (HHLG) and the residual phase assemblage is Pl+Qz+ Gat+Bio+Opx± Cpx+Ilm/Rut± Kfs and can be comparable with granulites observed in Himalayas. The experiments provide the evidence that biotite-plagioclase gneiss is one of source rocks of HHLG and dehydration melting is an important way to form HHLG and the granulites. Additionally, experimental results provide constraints on determining the P-T conditions of Himalayan crustal anatexis.     

超临界CO2萃取天然维生素E的工艺研究

以甲酯化的大豆油脱臭馏出物为原料,设计了单塔超临界二氧化碳萃取天然维生素E的工艺路线,讨论了温度、压力、填料高度等因素对萃取过程的影响。结果表明,原料进料量0.02kg/h,萃取塔压力20MPa,萃取塔温度梯度40-45-50-60-70℃,气液比在80kg/h左右,塔内填料为三角填料的实验条件下,萃取效果较好,萃取后维生素的质量分数和收率分别可达24.3%和81.5%。并与双塔、三塔连续逆流操作的超临界萃取天然维生素E的工艺进行了比较,结果为双塔连续逆流萃取工艺为最佳方案。     

天然气用纤维过滤器非稳态性能实验研究

针对天然气工业特点，设计了一套滤芯性能在线检测装置，采用光学粒子计数器OPC对过滤器上、下游粉尘的浓度和粒径分布进行适时测量。使用多分散性粉尘，在实验室内测试了天然气用纤维过滤器的非稳态性能，以及各种操作参数对其性能的影响规律。实验结果表明，纤维过滤器的过滤效率和阻力均随粉尘负荷的增加而增加，根据其变化趋势可分为深层过滤和滤饼过滤两个阶段。过滤速度过高容易导致大粒子穿透，从而使效率下降，纤维过滤器的表观过滤速度应低于0．06m／s；相对湿度和滤材厚度的增加有利于增大过滤效率，但也会导致阻力的迅速增加。     

天然气用纤维过滤器非稳态性能实验研究

针对天然气工业特点,设计了一套滤芯性能在线检测装置,采用光学粒子计数器OPC对过滤器上、下游粉尘的浓度和粒径分布进行适时测量.使用多分散性粉尘,在实验室内测试了天然气用纤维过滤器的非稳态性能,以及各种操作参数对其性能的影响规律.实验结果表明,纤维过滤器的过滤效率和阻力均随粉尘负荷的增加而增加,根据其变化趋势可分为深层过滤和滤饼过滤两个阶段.过滤速度过高容易导致大粒子穿透,从而使效率下降,纤维过滤器的表观过滤速度应低于0.06 m/s;相对湿度和滤材厚度的增加有利于增大过滤效率,但也会导致阻力的迅速增加.     

基于特征金字塔网络的自然场景图像文本检测

针对深度学习中对任意形状文本检测准确率不高的问题,提出了一种结合特征金字塔网络(feature pyramid network,FPN)和内核尺度扩展算法的文本检测网络模型.特征金字塔网络能够提取卷积层中更加鲁棒的特征,融合后生成不同尺度的特征内核;内核尺度扩展算法将生成的最小特征内核逐渐扩展为包围完整文本实例的特征图...     

不同表面活性剂对电沉积半金属Bi膜的影响

采用电沉积方法在氧化铟锡玻璃(ITO)基板上制备出Bi薄膜,研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)以及非离子表面活性剂(Brij56)对Bi3+的循环伏安行为、Bi膜的结构以及表面形态等的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Bi膜的表面结构形态进行了表征.结果表明,Brij56对Bi纳米颗粒的形态影响较小,以CTAB和SDS为添加剂可分别获得片状和树枝状结构的Bi纳米颗粒.     

Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality with efficient detection

Local realism is the idea that objects have definite properties whether or not they are measured, and that measurements of these properties are not affected by events taking place sufficiently far away. Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen used these reasonable assumptions to conclude that quantum mechanics is incomplete. Starting in 1965, Bell and others constructed mathematical inequalities whereby experimental tests could distinguish between quantum mechanics and local realistic theories. Many experiments have since been done that are consistent with quantum mechanics and inconsistent with local realism. But these conclusions remain the subject of considerable interest and debate, and experiments are still being refined to overcome 'loopholes' that might allow a local realistic interpretation. Here we have measured correlations in the classical properties of massive entangled particles (9Be+ ions): these correlations violate a form of Bell's inequality. Our measured value of the appropriate Bell's 'signal' is 2.25 +/- 0.03, whereas a value of 2 is the maximum allowed by local realistic theories of nature. In contrast to previous measurements with massive particles, this violation of Bell's inequality was obtained by use of a complete set of measurements. Moreover, the high detection efficiency of our apparatus eliminates the so-called 'detection' loophole.     

天然气水合物注热开采实验研究

注热开采产气速度的稳定性主要受温度场变化的影响,即受注水速度、注水温度和模型热物性的共同控制.应用研制的天然气水合物(NGH)合成与开采实验系统,进行NGH注热开采实验研究.该实验系统热量损失大、换热效率和热利用率较低,实验条件下的最优注水温度为81.44℃.根据实验数据得到的实际NGH藏换热效率可超过6,因此从能量角度评价注热开采是可行的.通过优化注热水的温度、速度等参数,采用"热水段塞+常温水驱替"、注热与降压联合开采、减少管线热损失等措施,可以大大提高注热开采的效益.