基于线粒体Cytb基因探讨我国日本囊对虾4个地理群体的遗传结构及种群分化

利用线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析了4个不同地理群体(北海群体、陵水群体、惠来群体和厦门群体)的野生日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)的群体遗传结构.以特异引物进行PCR扩增,获得了日本囊对虾530 bp的基因片段序列.序列分析结果表明,在120个日本囊对虾个体中,共检测到75个多态位点,获得62个单倍型,其中有44个简约信息位点,占整段序列的8.3%.各单倍型变异无碱基的插入或缺失,全部为转换或颠换,碱基频率含量(fA+fT)为59.4%,大于(fG+fC)(40.6%).核苷酸多态性以惠来群体最高,其它3个群体较低.群体内遗传距离为0.45%～2.60% ,群体间遗传距离在0.50%～5.30%之间.采用分子方差分析(AMOVA)方法,结果显示,群体间遗传变异占总变异的69.9%,群体内的遗传变异占总变异的31.1%,群体间变异是总变异的主要来源.构建的4个群体分子系统树表明,北海群体、陵水群体和部分惠来群体由于亲缘关系较近而聚在一起,而厦门群体则和部分惠来群体聚成另一支,两支的平均遗传距离为5.17%,分化接近亚种水平,据此认为我国东南近海的日本囊对虾可以分为2个种群,2个种群的分布区域在广东惠来海域附近存在重叠.     

日本囊对虾野生群体杂合性的研究

运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了日本囊对虾9个野生群体10种等位酶的杂合子缺失及过量状况.在所研究的22个位点中有5个位点(Sod-1、Est-1、Est-2、Amy-3、Mdh-1)是多态位点.汕头群体的Est-2,北海群体的Mdh-1和Sod-1,湄洲群体的Mdh-1,连江群体的Sod-1和漳浦群体的Mdh-1位点符合H-W平衡标准(P＞0.05);其余的多态位点均显著或极其显著地偏离H-W平衡标准(0.01＜P＜0.05或P＜0.01).另外,日本囊对虾9个群体的Est-2位点均表现出杂合子缺失(F＞0);Amy-3和Est-1(除了泉州群体的Est-1)位点均表现出杂合子过量(F＜0).研究表明日本囊对虾野生资源杂合性状况较好.     

利用ISSR技术研究虾夷扇贝不同地理种群的遗传多样性及其分化

利用10个ISSR引物对虾夷扇贝天然群体、人工养殖群体、象牙白群体、俄罗斯群体和日本群体进行遗传多样性分析,共获得134个多态位点,其比例分别为78.36%、73.88%、76.87%、89.55%、89.55%;Shannon指数为0.5159,遗传多样性指数为0.3378.结果显示5个群体特异性位点16个,占被检测位点总数的11.94%,这些特异位点可为种群的判别提供依据.群体聚类结果显示:天然群体、人工养殖群体、象牙白群体首先聚为一类,尔后与日本群体聚在一起,俄罗斯群体单独聚为一类.本研究还进行了个体聚类分析,个体聚类分析对虾夷扇贝育苗过程中的选种具有一定的指导意义.     

中国对虾微卫星DNA多态性分析

根据建立的中国对虾部分基因组文库,对筛选的含微卫星序列的克隆设计了引物,并选择了8对多态性引物对中国对虾进行了分析.实验材料为中国对虾黄渤海群体(HB)、朝鲜半岛西海岸群体(KX)和朝鲜半岛南海岸群体(KN)3个野生群共计60个个体.结果表明:经8对引物对60尾中国对虾进行PCR扩增后,共获得了61个等位基因.对3个野生群体的8个基因位点共计24个群体位点进行了杂合度观测值(Ho)和杂和度期望值(He)计算,通过Hardy-Weinberg平衡偏离指数(D)检验,发现有5个群体位点处于杂合子缺失状态,其中HB群体有3个群体位点杂合子缺失,KC和KN群体各有1个群体位点杂合子缺失.其次,对中国对虾3个野生群体遗传分化指数Fst值进行了计算,两两群体之间的Fst值均小于0.05,说明中国对虾3个野生群体的遗传分化较弱.P检验也说明了这个结果,即3个群体的中国对虾遗传分化不显著,有99.27%的遗传变异是来自个体之间,只有0.73%的遗传变异是来自群体之间.最后,经过聚类分析,发现HB群体和KX群体的亲缘关系较近,而KN群体与前两者亲缘关系较远.实验还对8对微卫星引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)进行了评估,PIC值介于0.5984～0.9178之间,揭示了这8个微卫星位点在中国对虾中具有较高的信息含量.     

刀额新对虾和日本囊对虾细胞核DNA含量的测定与比较

以刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)、日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)的血淋巴为材料,以小鸡血细胞核DNA含量(2.50 pg/2c)为参照样,使用Partec PA-I型倍性分析仪并结合外标定法,分别测定了刀额新对虾与日本囊对虾细胞的DNA含量.结果表明,这两种虾的细胞DNA含量分别为小鸡血细胞的1.77倍和1.95倍,换算成绝对含量分别为4.340 pg/2c和4.878 pg/2c.本文讨论了刀额新对虾与日本囊对虾以形态学为特征的分类系统与细胞DNA含量之间的关系,并推测在系统演化上日本囊对虾应比刀额新对虾更为高等.     

日本囊对虾电压门控钠通道基因克隆与组织表达

利用基因克隆等分子生物学技术,获得日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus ja ponicus)的电压门控钠通道(voltage-gate sodium channel,VGSC)蛋白的部分eDNA序列,获得的片段核苷酸长度为2 877 bp,可编码954个氨基酸残基,总分子质量约为108.2 ku.与同源蛋白比较结果显示,日本囊对虾的VGSC序列与其他一些物种具有较高相似性,特别是跨膜蛋白结构域具有极高的保守性.基于VGSC氨基酸序列比对绘制的系统树基本能够反映出各物种间的进化关系.以RT-PCR法检测日本囊对虾VGSC的组织表达,结果显示VGSC表达与各组织的功能有极其密切的关系.VGSC mRNA在脑神经节中表达量最高,其次为肝胰腺,说明了钠通道在神经信号传导以及调节内分泌中都起到了重要的作用.     

基于AFLP技术的不同群体虾夷扇贝遗传结构及多样性研究

利用17组AFLP引物对虾夷扇贝中国天然群体、中国养殖群体、人工培育的＂象牙白＂双面白壳群体及俄罗斯群体和日本群体共150个个体进行遗传多样性分析,共获得391条清晰可辨的条带,多态位点比例分别为83.12%、68.54%、79.54%、70.59%和84.14%;Shannon指数分别为0.5639、0.4657、0.4067、0.4795和0.5705;遗传多样性指数分别为0.4035、0.3335、0.3867、0.3435和0.4083,群体内遗传变异系数为0.3651,群体间遗传分化系数为0.1454,群体间遗传流动系数为2.9396.本研究还发现了各群体的差异性AFLP位点,其中E6M1-283位点是＂象牙白＂群体的特异性位点;5个虾夷扇贝的群体聚类结果显示：中国的天然群体、中国养殖群体、＂象牙白＂群体首先聚为一类,尔后与日本群体聚在一起,俄罗斯群体单独聚为一类;同时,本研究还进行了150个虾夷扇贝的个体聚类分析.本研究对开展虾夷扇贝资源保护、优良品种培育具有重要的意义.     

中国明对虾卵黄蛋白原部分cDNA序列和表达部位研究

从成熟的中国明对虾卵巢中提取总RNA,经同源克隆得到了卵黄蛋白原(Vg)部分cDNA序列,长度为1 226 bp。在NCBI上比对后发现它与墨吉明对虾、短沟对虾等的Vg mRNA序列有很高的相似性。根据8种虾(墨吉明对虾、短沟对虾、凡纳滨对虾、日本囊对虾、刀额新对虾、罗氏沼虾、高背长额虾和中国明对虾)Vg mRNA相应序列建立了系统发生树。通过RT-PCR证实了雌虾的卵巢和肝胰腺是卵黄蛋白原的合成位点。     

日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)4个野生群体遗传多样性微卫星分析

为了评价不同地区日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)野生群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化水平,利用微卫星标记对白洋淀、衡水湖、微山湖和洪泽湖4个地区日本沼虾野生群体的遗传多样性进行分析.结果显示,22对微卫星位点都显示具足够的多态性;每个野生群体中至少有6个位点显示杂合不足,显著偏离了Hardy-Weinberg平衡;4个日本沼虾野生群体均表现出了较高的遗传多样性,其中微山湖野生群体遗传多样性水平相对较高,其他3个野生群体的遗传多样性水平则相对较低;群体间F-统计量(Fst)及分子方差分析表明,4个日本沼虾野生群体间存在中等程度的遗传差异(0.046 3Fst0.101 2);基于Nei’s遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统进化树显示,地理位置相邻的日本沼虾野生群体聚在一起.     

丁香酚对日本囊对虾麻醉效果的研究

为日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)安全麻醉寻求一种好的方法,研究了不同质量浓度(50,100,200和400 mg/L)条件下丁香酚对日本囊对虾的麻醉效果以及麻醉状态下对虾离水操作的可行性.水温为25℃,丁香酚质量浓度低于200 mg/L时,麻醉对虾的复苏率均可达100%;而丁香酚质量浓度为400 mg/L时,幼虾和成虾的复苏率分别为86.7%和93.9%.在丁香酚质量浓度为50~200 mg/L时,麻醉后的日本囊对虾幼虾和成虾离水暴露8 min后,复苏率为100%,复苏对虾3 d后的存活率均为100%.研究结果表明,丁香酚是日本囊对虾有效、安全的麻醉剂.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has