Fenton试剂改性单壁碳管的FTIR和Raman光谱研究

单壁碳纳米管SWNTS(single-walled carbon nanotubes)经焙烧和浓盐酸纯化处理后,使用Fenton试剂对碳管进行化学改性处理,研究羟基自由基(·OH)对碳管表面和结构的影响,并运用红外光谱(FTIR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)进行了表征.FTIR结果表明,改性后碳管结构中主要引入羟基和羰基等含氧官能团;Raman光谱分析表明,随着处理时间的不断增加,单壁碳管D线和G线的强度之比即ID/IG的比值也不断增加.根据改性前后碳管的FTIR和Raman光谱变化,探讨了·OH与单壁碳管作用的可能机理.机理分析表明,这些含氧官能团可以看作是具有强亲电性和强氧化性的·OH对碳管上缺陷位置和不饱和键进行攻击的结果.     

分子动力学模拟碳纳米管与蛋白质中功能基团的相互作用

采用分子动力学方法模拟了水溶液中单壁碳纳米管(single-walled carbon nanotubes,SWNTs)与由蛋白质中功能基团功能化的自组装单层膜(self-assem bled monolayers,SAMs)的相互作用.研究结果显示由于水分子的溶剂化效应,单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)与带电荷的SAMs相互作用能量为零.SWNTs与不带电荷的SAMs可以相互吸附,而影响二者吸附的因素中范德华作用占主导地位.同时通过质心距离分析也证明了功能化基团的种类及电离状态对SAMs与SWNTs的相互作用存在影响,并验证了蛋白质原子和SWNTs的有效相互作用距离.     

Structure and composition-dependent optical properties of (PbxSr1-x)TiO3 (x=0.4, 0.6) nanotube arrays

Lead strontium titanate(Pb_xSr_(1-x))TiO_3(x=0.4,0.6) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel template method via spin coating.The structures and morphology of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry.scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of the sample and the valence state of elements.Raman spectroscopy of the as-prepared(Pb_xSr_(1-x))TiO_3(x=0.4,0.6) nanotubes at room temp...     

Cu基类水滑石及其焙烧产物对酸性红-88的吸附性能

研究了Cu基类水滑石(Cu/HTLCs)及其焙烧产物(LDO)对酸性红-88(AR-88)的吸附效果。考察了吸附剂用量、溶液初始pH值、初始浓度以及吸附温度对吸附AR-88的影响,并研究了AR-88在LDO上的等温吸附曲线。结果表明,低温焙烧的Cu_4AlLDO-300对AR-88有良好的吸附效果,在40℃、pH=1~7范围内,1.0g·L~(-1)LDO对浓度为100mg·L~(-1)的AR-88去除率达100%。LDO对AR-88的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附方程。     

制备焙烧Mg/Al水滑石及同时去除水中氟和硬度

通过共沉淀法制备焙烧Mg/Al水滑石(HTCs-400-MgAl),利用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外线光谱(FTIR)对材料进行表征,研究焙烧水滑石投加的质量浓度、温度、溶液初始pH值、吸附动力学和等温吸附等对吸附效果的影响.结果表明:当焙烧水滑石在最佳投加质量浓度为6g·L~(-1)时,其在4h内对初始质量浓度为10mg·L~(-1)的氟离子和500mg·L~(-1)的硬度(以CaCO_3的质量浓度计算)的吸附量分别为1.57,47.50mg·g~(-1);焙烧水滑石吸附氟离子的过程更符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,其去除机理为结构重建;焙烧水滑石吸附硬度的过程更符合拟二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型,其去除机理包括表面吸附和生成沉淀去除.     

单壁碳纳米管的制备和纯化研究

采用双金属Eu/Ni做为催化剂,用直流电弧放电法制备单壁碳纳米管(single walled carbon nanotubes, SWNTs),并对其进行了纯化处理.利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和拉曼光谱对所得样品进行了表征.结果表明,以双金属Eu/Ni为催化剂与Y/Ni为催化剂合成的单壁碳纳米管直径分布相近,其中1.36 nm为直径的碳纳米管占多数.经纯化处理的单壁碳纳米管有较高的纯度.     

Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes by assembling nano-silver

A facile solution processed strategy of synthesizing nano silver assembled on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at room temperature was put forward. Activated carbon nanotubes were used as precursors for preparing silver-decorated nanotubes. The nature of the decorated nanotubes was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The inert surfaces of carbon nanotubes were activated by introducing catalytic nuclei via an oxidation-sensitization-activation approach. Activated carbon nanotubes catalyzed the metal deposition specifically onto their surfaces upon immersion in electroless plating baths. The method produced nanotubes decorated with silver. The extent of silver decoration was found to be dependent on fabrication conditions. Dense nano silver assembled on nanotube surfaces could be obtained by keeping a low reaction rate in the solution phase. The results here show that this method is an efficient and simple means of achieving carbon nanotubes being assembled by nano metal.     

Topography,structure, and formation kinetic mechanism of carbon deposited onto nickel in the temperature range from 400 to 850℃

The carbon deposition behavior on nickel particles was observed within the temperature range from 400 to 800℃ in a pure methane atmosphere. The topography, properties, and molecular structure of the deposited carbon were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) technology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The deposited carbon is present in the form of a film at 400-450℃, as fibers at 500-600℃, and as particles at 650-800℃. In addition, the structure of the deposited carbon becomes more ordered at higher temperatures because both the TPO peak temperature of deposited carbon and the Raman shift of the G band increase with the increase in experimental temperature, whereas the intensity ratio between the D bands and the G band decreases. An interesting observation is that the carbon deposition rate is suppressed in the medium-temperature range (M-T range) and the corresponding kinetic mechanism changes. Correspondingly, the FWHM of the G and D1 bands in the Raman spectrum reaches a maximum and the intensities of the D2, D3, and D4 bands decrease to low limits in the M-T range. These results indicate that carbon structure parameters exhibit two different tendencies with respect to varying temperature. Both of the two group parameters change dramatically as a peak function with increasing reaction temperature within the M-T range.     

金属有机框架材料MIL-101(Cr)的合成及其对烟酸的吸附

采用水热法合成了MIL-101(Cr)材料,并通过X-射线衍射法(X-ray diffraction, XRD)和红外光谱法(infrared spectroscopy, IR)确定了材料的结构,利用扫描电子显微(scanning electron microscope, SEM)技术及物理吸附技术表征了材料的形貌与孔结构。表征结果表明,所合成的MIL-101(Cr)材料具有物相单一、大小均匀、结构稳定的特点。同时研究了其对水溶液中烟酸的吸附行为,研究结果表明,MIL-101(Cr)对烟酸的吸附在20 min时即可达到平衡,且为准一级动力学过程,符合Langmuir吸附模型,最大吸附量为56.7 mg·g^-1,且17 mg MIL-101(Cr)吸附剂可实现20 mg·L^-1烟酸溶液中40%溶质的去除率。以上实验结果可为探究MIL-101(Cr)去除水中有机污染物提供参考。     

Catalytic self-assembly preparation and characterization of carbon nitride nano-tubes by a solvothermal method

A solvothermal reaction of anhydrous CaNaCl3 and sodium using cyclohexane as solvent and NiCI2 as catalyst precursor has been carried out to prepare carbon nitride nanotubes successfully at 230℃ and 1.8 MPa. The carbon nitride nanotubes were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), electron energy loss spectrum (EELS) and Raman spectrum.SEM and TEM results indicated that the tubes have a length of 20-30 μm, a uniform outer diameter of about 50-60 nm,an inner diameter of 30-40 nm and are highly ordered assembled as bundles. The EELS measurement indicated that the ratio of N/C was about 1.00. The ED and XRD analyses revealed that the tube may have a new CN crystalline structure. The growth mechanism of nanotubes was discussed.     

碳纳米材料的制备及应用

碳纳米材料具有独特的低维纳米结构、优异的性能和潜在的应用价值.重点综述上海大学低维炭材料与器件物理研究所在碳纳米材料研究方面的最新进展,并对碳纳米材料的发展趋势及对未来生产生活的影响进行评述.研究所在高纯度高结晶性单壁碳纳米管(single-walled carbon nanotubes,SWCNTs)、双壁碳纳米管(double-walled CNTs,DWCNTs)的大量生产与应用,具有量子效应的多壁碳纳米管(multi-walled CNTs,MWCNTs)的合成,碳纳米线的可控生长,单根MWCNT、单根碳纳米线的拉曼(Raman)光谱研究以及石墨烯的大量制备等方面均取得了可喜的成果.     

Enhancement of the thermo-mechanical properties and efficacy of mixing technique in the preparation of graphene/PVC nanocomposites compared to carbon nanotubes/PVC

Thin films of poly vinyl chloride(PVC)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT) and PVC/graphene(GN) nanocomposites were prepared by mixing in the presence of different quantities of nanoparticles. Film casting was performed using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. The as-prepared PVC/MWCNT and PVC/GN nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and diffused reflectance spectroscopy. Only the PVC/GN nanocomposite films were evaluated further for detailed mechanical analysis because of the poor dispersion of MWCNTs in PVC. The PVC/GN nanocomposite films were thermo-mechanically more stable than the PVC films. These nanocomposites have potential as a replacement material for PVC and PVC/MWCNT owing to their better dispersion and high stability.     

天然斜发沸石除硅补铝改性对海水中K+的吸附性能研究

以浙江缙云天然斜发沸石为原料,研究通过焙烧后超声碱洗除硅,再经超声补铝后用钠盐复合改性对沸石吸附K~+性能的影响,提高对海水中K~+的吸附量.结果表明:采用0.18~0.38 mm的天然沸石,200℃下焙烧1.5 h,0.2 mol·L~(-1)的NaOH溶液超声处理2.0 h,0.5 mol·L~(-1)的AlCl_3溶液超声处理2.0 h,20%(质量分数)NaCl溶液煮沸30 min的方法复合改性得到的沸石对K~+吸附性能最佳,吸附量可达到25.64 mg·g~(-1),为天然斜发沸石吸附量的4.2倍.对最适宜条件改性后的沸石进行吸附K~+的动力学研究,其吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.     

用硅钛酸盐快速高效清除水中低浓度铅离子

通过水热法合成了水合结晶硅钛酸钠(Na-CST)和25%铌取代水合结晶硅钛酸钠(Na-Nb/CST),利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、BET氮气吸附法对其进行了表征,并用这两种材料对铅开展了吸附实验.结果显示,在pH值为4.00～6.50时两种材料有良好的吸附效果,吸附过程在60 min内达到平衡,饱和吸附容量分别为70.1 mg·g~(-1)和70.7 mg·g~(-1).两种吸附剂均表现出良好的水体除铅性能,在质量浓度为10~(-9)kg·L~(-1)量级的铅溶液中对铅的去除率可以达到94%以上,吸附后水中铅残留量降至3×10~(-9)kg·L~(-1)以下,符合世界卫生组织规定的饮用水铅含量标准.     

考虑非线性本构和小初始变形的单壁碳纳米管的Bernoulli-Euler梁模型

在有限变形条件下石墨烯的应力应变关系是非线性的,而且石墨烯卷曲形成的碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)在应用时通常会产生小的初始变形.但是,在已有的碳纳米管力学性质的研究中还没有同时考虑这两种因数影响.基于石墨烯的非线性本构关系,建立了新的包含小初始变形的Bernoulli-Euler梁模型,然后应用该模型研究了单壁碳纳米管(single-walled carbon nanotubes,SWCNTs)的静态弯曲和一阶受迫振动.结果表明:在静力弯曲时,当初始变形与外荷载的方向一致时,初始变形增大了系统的刚度.当初始变形与外荷载的方向相反时,初始变形使碳纳米管的静力变形变得复杂.在受迫振动时,初始变形和本构中的非线性项都能改变振幅的分岔点的位置.初始变形可以使碳纳米管的力学性质由硬非线性变为软非线性.因此,非线性本构和初始变形均对碳纳米管力学行为有显著影响.     

单壁碳纳米管对长片段聚合酶链式反应(PCR)增效机理的初步研究

为了开发新型基因扩增技术,采用两步PCR(two-step PCR)和rpsL保真度实验等方法,对单壁碳纳米管(single-wall carbon nanotube,SWCNT)在长片段PCR反应中的增效机理进行研究.结果表明:在长片段PCR反应中,单壁碳纳米管最适工作质量浓度为0.8,mg/mL;单壁碳纳米管可以在较短的延伸时间增加扩增产物产量,提高DNA聚合酶的反应效率;通过rpsL保真度实验显示,对照组PCR产物的错误率为5.32×10–6,而实验组的错误率仅为2.39×10–6.     

焙烧温度对PdO-CeO_2催化剂CH_4氧化活性的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了PdO-CeO2催化剂,考察了焙烧温度对其CH4氧化反应催化性能的影响,并运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、物理吸附(BET)、CO化学吸附、Raman光谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂进行了表征.实验结果表明:随着焙烧温度从400℃提高到800℃,PdO-CeO2催化剂的活性下降;焙烧温度进一步提高到1 000℃,催化剂的活性又出现明显的提高.结合相关表征可知:Pd(PdO)粒子烧结和比表面积下降是CH4活性下降的主要原因;然而,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂中金属Pd含量增加是导致1 000℃焙烧后催化剂活性提高的原因.     

Topography,structure,and formation kinetic mechanism of carbon deposited onto nickel in the temperature range from 400 to 850°C

The carbon deposition behavior on nickel particles was observed within the temperature range from 400 to 800°C in a pure methane atmosphere.The topography,properties,and molecular structure of the deposited carbon were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),temperature-programmed oxidation(TPO) technology,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and Raman spectroscopy.The deposited carbon is present in the form of a film at 400–450°C,as fibers at 500–600°C,and as particles at 650–800°C.In addition,the structure of the deposited carbon becomes more ordered at higher temperatures because both the TPO peak temperature of deposited carbon and the Raman shift of the G band increase with the increase in experimental temperature,whereas the intensity ratio between the D bands and the G band decreases.An interesting observation is that the carbon deposition rate is suppressed in the medium-temperature range(M-T range) and the corresponding kinetic mechanism changes.Correspondingly,the FWHM of the G and D1 bands in the Raman spectrum reaches a maximum and the intensities of the D2,D3,and D4 bands decrease to low limits in the M-T range.These results indicate that carbon structure parameters exhibit two different tendencies with respect to varying temperature.Both of the two group parameters change dramatically as a peak function with increasing reaction temperature within the M-T range.     

煤矸石合成A型沸石的条件优化试验探究

以乌海地区煤矸石为原料,采用传统水热合成法制备A型沸石.以沸石投加量为7.5g·L~(-1),对初始浓度为200mg·L~(-1)的模拟含磷废水在室温和原水pH的条件下进行吸附试验,并分析XRD谱图,进行合成条件探究.结果表明,在固定配比下,煤矸石合成沸石基最佳条件为:焙烧温度为850℃,焙烧时间为2.5h,晶化温度为100℃,晶化时间为7h.SEM结果表明,在此条件下合成的沸石结晶度高,结构清晰完整,棱角分明的立方体晶型.     

氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物的超电容性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)作为表面活性剂分散原始的单壁碳纳米管(SWNT),采用超声、冷冻干燥的办法得到氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测试对样品的形貌、结构、组成以及电化学性质进行表征.结果表明:氧化石墨烯-单壁碳纳米管复合物电化学性质得到了显著的提高,通过调节单壁碳管与GO的比例,发现SWNT质量为GO的10%时,得到的复合材料具有最好的超电容储能特性,在6mol·L~(-1)的KOH电解液中,0.5A·g~(-1)电流密度下其比电容可达155F·g~(-1),是相同条件下GO比电容(81.5F·g~(-1))的1.9倍,这种简单的方法获得的GO-SWNT复合材料在能量存储装置方面展现了广阔的应用前景.