石煤氧化焙烧-酸溶液浸出提钒工艺

针对某地石煤原料组成特点,为提高石煤中钒的浸出率本试验采用氧化焙烧-酸溶液浸出提钒的工艺,研究了焙烧温度,添加剂氯化钠的用量,焙烧时间,酸浸出液用量及浸出温度时间对钒浸出率的影响.结果表明:,焙烧水浸后渣再用稀酸浸出的方法,钒的浸出率可提高10 %左右,钒的浸出率可达到75 %~80 %.     

Effects of the mineral phase and valence of vanadium on vanadium extraction from stone coal

The influence of roasting on the leaching rate and valence of vanadium was evaluated during vanadium extraction from stone coal. Vanadium in stone coal is hard to be leached and the leaching rate is less than 10% when the raw ore is leached by 4 mol/L H₂SO₄ at 90℃ for 2 h. After the sample is roasted at 900℃ for 2 h, the leaching rate of vanadium reaches the maximum, and more than 70% of vanadium can be leached. The crystal of vanadium-bearing mica minerals decomposes and the content of V(V) increases with the rise of roasting temperature from 600 to 900℃, therefore the leaching rate of vanadium increases significantly with the decomposition of the mica minerals. Some new phases, anorthite for example, form when the roasting temperature reaches 1000℃. A part of vanadium may be enwrapped in the sintered materials and newly formed phases, which may impede the oxidation of low valent vanadium and make the leaching rate of vanadium drop dramatically. The leaching rate of vanadium is not only determined by the valence state of vanadium but also controlled by the decomposition of vanadium-bearing minerals and the existence state of vanadium to a large extent.     

钒钛磁铁矿提钒新工艺研究

中国对钒钛磁铁矿中钒的利用仍然存在着诸多难题,特别是对于低品位的矿石,传统的高炉-转炉工艺更加难以实现对钒的高效提取利用。针对其钒钛磁铁矿的利用问题,开展了新工艺的探索,通过竖炉煤基还原-电炉熔分工艺进行铁钒分离,从而实现钒资源的综合高效利用。实验结果表明,最佳工艺参数为1 050℃条件下竖炉煤基还原11.5h,海绵铁的金属化率为93%,钒的还原率能够控制在3.5%以下;还原过程中加入3%的硼砂添加剂可以明显改善海绵铁的金属化率,使其提高到98.16%;样品中心部位铁的还原程度要优于边缘部位。     

采用氧化焙烧-酸浸法从高碳石煤中提钒试验研究

针对广西某难浸高碳石煤,比较相同焙烧和酸浸条件下静态焙烧矿和流态化焙烧矿钒的浸出率,优化流态化焙烧矿的酸浸条件。研究结果表明:流态化焙烧矿酸浸钒的浸出率比静态焙烧矿酸浸钒的浸出率平均高24%,所以,在相同焙烧温度、时间下流态化焙烧较静态焙烧更利于钒的浸出;在液固质量比为0.8:1.0,二氧化锰添加量为3%和氢氟酸添加量为2%的条件下,得最佳酸浸条件,即酸矿质量比为0.4:1.0,浸出温度为150℃,浸出时间为6 h,在此最佳酸浸条件下,钒浸出率可达88.26%。     

强化氧化对石煤钙化焙烧提钒的影响

研究石煤钙化焙烧参数对提钒效果的影响,确定合理的焙烧参数:当焙烧温度为950℃,焙烧时间3 h,碳酸钙添加量为质量分数6%时,石煤焙烧料中钒的浸出率为63%。在此基础上研究增强氧化对提钒效果的影响,比较通空气和添加MnO2这2种情况下提钒的效果。用化学物相分析和钒价态分析等技术探讨加强氧化提高钒浸出率的原因。空气通入速度为0.48 L/h时,钒的浸出率为69%;MnO2添加量(质量分数)为3%时,钒浸出率为68%。研究结果表明,加强氧化后矿石的结构被破坏,V5+含量提高,生成更多易溶于酸的钒酸钙类物质。     

石煤钠化焙烧料酸浸动力学

研究了石煤钠化焙烧料硫酸浸出过程中,浸出剂初始浓度、搅拌速度和浸出温度对浸出率的影响,并对浸出过程动力学进行了分析. 结果表明:浸出剂初始浓度和浸出温度对钒浸出率有显著影响,搅拌速度对钒浸出率影响不大;该浸出过程符合核收缩模型,与化学反应控制动力学方程式相吻合,浸出反应的表观活化能为50.88kJ·mol-1,浸出过程控制步骤为化学反应控制.     

Bioleaching of vanadium from barren stone coal and its effect on the transition of vanadium speciation and mineral phase

This study determined the optimal conditions required to obtain maximum vanadium extraction and examined the transition of mineral phases and vanadium speciation during the bioleaching process. Parameters including the initial pH value, initial Fe2+ concentration, solid load, and inoculum quantity were examined. The results revealed that 48.92wt% of the vanadium was extracted through bioleaching under optimal conditions. Comparatively, the chemical leaching yield (H₂SO₄, pH 2.0) showed a slower and milder increase in vanadium yield. The vanadium bioleaching yield was 35.11wt% greater than the chemical leaching yield. The Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction results revealed that 88.62wt% of vanadium existed in the residual fraction. The bacteria substantially changed the distribution of the vanadium speciation during the leaching process, and the residual fraction decreased to 48.44wt%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results provided evidence that the crystal lattice structure of muscovite was destroyed by the bacteria.     

铬革屑的酶法提取蛋白质新工艺

研究了用碱性和中性蛋白酶水解铬革屑以提取蛋白质的新工艺。对前处理方法的选择和影响酶作用的各种因素进行了试验，得到的工艺条件如下：用CaO进行前处理，再用碱性和中性蛋白酶的协同作用进行酶解，将水解液进行过滤后经过脱铬和浓缩干燥，得到了铬含量为10．1μg／g、粗蛋白含量达82．1%的水解蛋白，铬革屑蛋白质的回收率为60．7%.     

酸浸法提钒新工艺的研究

研究了用稀硫酸直接浸出—萃取—反萃—氨水沉钒—煅烧的提钒工艺。结果表明,采用稀硫酸直接浸出,原矿渣中总钒的一次浸取率可达95%以上;用萃取-反萃方式净化和浓缩浸出液,同时使用萃取促进剂处理酸浸液,使萃取效率比传统方法有明显提高,萃取级数大大减少;沉钒步骤摒弃了传统的铵盐沉钒工艺,使用氨水直接沉钒,提高了产品的纯度。钒的总回收率达86%以上,比传统提钒工艺效率提高了20%以上,同时由于避免了焙烧从而解决了传统提钒过程中因焙烧等产生的HCl、Cl₂等污染问题。     

钒离子指示电极在石煤焙烧料浸出动力学研究中的应用

以湘西吉首某地石煤矿为原料,在850℃焙烧6 h后,采用酸浸法从焙烧料提取钒,用钒离子指示电极在线跟踪石煤浸出过程中五价钒浓度的变化,研究浸出过程中的动力学;考察矿石粒径、pH值和浸出温度对浸出过程E--t曲线的影响.研究结果表明:钒离子指示电极电势测定结果受杂质Fe3+的影响很小,可以用于跟踪石煤焙烧料浸出过程中钒离子浓度的变化;硫酸浸出后,矿石粒度越小,溶液的酸度越大,浸出温度越高,五价钒离子越容易浸出.采用等高线法求算出石煤焙烧料浸出过程在高温段区的表观活化能Ea为1.56 kJ/mol,受扩散步骤控制;在低温段区的表观活化能Ea为3.99 kJ/mol,受化学反应步骤控制.     

浸取-萃取联合法从废钒催化剂中回收钒的研究

浸取-萃取联合法(Leachex)是一种将浸取和萃取合成一步,以处理矿物等的新方法。作者研究了各种因素对钒萃取的影响,其最佳工艺条件为:温度60℃;分解介质盐酸的初始浓度8M;萃取剂组成80%TBP-20%磺化煤油;相比(固相:水相:有机相)=3(kg):50(1):50(1);转速240 r/min。采用不同酸度的反萃液分离负载有机相中的钒、铁和砷。Leachex法从废钒催化剂中回收钒的过程具有流程短,设备简单,反应速度快,有机相用量少,钒的回收率高等优点。     

Comparison of the mechanisms of microwave roasting and conventional roasting and of their effects on vanadium extraction from stone coal

Experiments comparing microwave blank roasting and conventional blank roasting for typical vanadium-bearing stone coal from Hubei Province in central China, in which vanadium is present in muscovite, were conducted to investigate the effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, H₂SO₄ concentration, and leaching time on vanadium extraction. The results show that the vanadium leaching efficiency is 84% when the sample is roasted at 800℃ for 30 min by microwave irradiation and the H₂SO₄ concentration, liquid/solid ratio, leaching temperature, and leaching time are set as 20vol%, 1.5:1 mL·g-1, 95℃, and 8 h, respectively. However, the vanadium leaching efficiency achieved for the sample subjected to conventional roasting at 900℃ for 60 min is just 71% under the same leaching conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the microwave roasted samples contain more cracks and that the particles are more porous compared to the conventionally roasted samples. According to the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses, neither of these roasting methods could completely destroy the mica lattice structure under the experimental conditions; however, both methods deformed the muscovite structure and facilitated the leaching process. Comparing with conventional roasting, microwave roasting causes a greater deformation of the mineral structure at a lower temperature for a shorter roasting time.     

用含铁物料和煤粉直接制备金属铁粒的新工艺研究

介绍采用碱性内配煤含铁团块(或球团)高温直接还原生产金属铁粒的方法(Wcomet法),研究该方法中影响铁-渣分离及金属铁收得率的主要因素.当内配碳比(C/O原子比)大于1.0、渣相碱度(R)大于1.8、还原温度高于1300 ℃时,被还原出来的金属铁通过扩散聚集长大成粒,同时,团块中的CaO与脉石中的 SiO2反应生成2CaO*SiO2.还原产物在冷却过程中因2CaO*SiO2相变发生自然粉化,通过筛分可得到尺寸为5～20mm的金属铁粒.采用该方法可以有效回收硫酸渣和转炉污泥中的铁.     

碳质石煤与生物质混合焙烧过程的热分析研究

以湖北襄樊的碳质石煤为原料,通过热力学理论分析和热分析实验对石煤与生物质混合共焙烧过程进行研究。结果发现：混合焙烧过程中,各种物质反应的先后顺序为有机质的氧化反应→黄铁矿的氧化反应→钒的氧化反应;生物质的加入为打破石煤中的云母晶格提供了大量的热量,使石煤中的还原性物质反应温度降低且反应时间缩短,对石煤的脱碳与焙烧起相应的促进作用。     

A novel process for comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag

Traditional processes for treating vanadium slag generate a huge volume of solid residue and a large amount of harmful gas, which cause serious environmental problems. In this study, a new process for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag was proposed, wherein zeolite A and a V₂O₅/TiO₂ system were synthesized. The structural properties of the as-synthesized zeolite A and the V₂O₅/TiO₂ system were characterized using various experimental techniques, including X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The results reveal that zeolite A and the V₂O₅/TiO₂ system are successfully obtained with high purity. The results of gas adsorption measurements indicate that the prepared zeolite A exhibits high selectivity for CO₂ over N₂ and is a candidate material for CO₂ capture from flue-gas streams.     

银杏叶中有效成分的连续逆流萃取工艺

采用挤压膨化和连续逆流萃取技术对银杏叶中有效成分的提取工艺进行了研究。结果表明，对银杏叶的挤压膨化预处理有助于提高萃取速度，增加物料堆积密度，与粉碎预处理相比。提高工效约4倍；采用w=70％的乙醇连续循环喷淋逆流6级萃取，在m(乙醇)；m(银杏叶)=5：1，总萃取时间240min，萃取温度50～55℃条件下，萃取率(以黄酮计)达99％以上，物料运行正常，操作简便，生产稳定。     

析硫法提钾新技术及在实际推广中需解决的问题

系统介绍了析硫法提钾新技术原理、工艺流程、卤水综合利用及该技术在实际推广中存在的问题。从四元相图出发,分析了析硫法理论依据;在总结了前人的重要研究成果基础之上,提出了该技术的工艺流程。另外,笔在实践过程中,发现该技术仍存在一些不足之处,需要进一步研究和改进。     

用母函数求解图的生成树问题

如何精确求解出图的全部生成树,是图论研究的重要课题之一.引入组合数学的母函数原理,结合图论相关理论,提出了一种求图的全部生成树的新方法,该方法易于在计算机上实现,能精确求解连通图的生成树数目及其全部生成树,快速找出带权图的最小生成树,并给出了严密证明.     

从废次烟草中提取茄尼醇的新工艺研究

茄尼醇是一种重要的医药原料。本文介绍了一种从废次烟草中提取茄尼醇的新的工艺路线，用价廉易得的PE溶剂代替现有生产工艺上常用的正已烷溶剂，可提高茄尼醇的提取率和溶剂回收率，降低生产成本。     

攀钢新流程钛渣熔盐氯化法制取四氯化钛的试验研究

根据攀枝花铁精矿钢铁冶炼后提钒新流程及其所产生钛渣的特点 ,系统地研究了熔盐氯化法制取四氯化钛的工艺 ,就氯化反应温度、初始盐系及还原剂的组成、氯气浓度和回收循环利用等工艺参数进行了实验室条件下的优化 ,结果认为用熔盐氯化法处理新流程钛渣在技术和经济上是可行的 ,且四氯化钛产品纯度较高。本实验还为后续工业试验提供了技术经济依据。