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Stephen G. Brush 《Studies in history and philosophy of science》2007,38(1):256-259
This is a comment on the paper by Barnes (2005) and the responses from Scerri (2005) and Worrall (2005), debating the thesis (‘predictivism’) that a fact successfully predicted by a theory is stronger evidence than a similar fact known before the prediction was made. Since Barnes and Scerri both use evidence presented in my paper on Mendeleev’s periodic law (Brush, 1996) to support their views, I reiterate my own position on predictivism. I do not argue for or against predictivism in the normative sense that philosophers of science employ, rather I describe how scientists themselves use facts and predictions to support their theories. I find wide variations, and no support for the assumption that scientists use a single ‘Scientific Method’ in deciding whether to accept a proposed new theory. 相似文献
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The philosopher of chemistry Andrea Woody has recently published a wide-ranging article concerning the turn to practice in the philosophy of science. Her primary example consists of the use of different forms of representations by Lothar Meyer and Mendeleev when they presented their views on chemical periodicity. Woody believes that this distinction can cast light on various issues including why Mendeleev was able to make predictions while Meyer was not. Secondly, she claims that it can clarify the much-debated question concerning the relative values of prediction and accommodation of data in the way that the periodic system was accepted. Thirdly, Woody believes that such differences in the representation of periodicity can be used to argue for the explanatory nature of the periodic table in contrast with the more traditional view that the periodic table is not explanatory.This discussion examines each of these claims and argues that they need to be qualified and in some cases rejected. 相似文献
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Mansoor Niaz 《Studies in history and philosophy of science》2004,35(2):271-282
Historians and philosophers of science generally conceptualize scientific progress to be dichotomous, viz., experimental observations lead to scientific laws, which later facilitate the elaboration of explanatory theories. There is considerable controversy in the literature with respect to Mendeleev’s contribution to the origin, nature, and development of the periodic table. The objectives of this study are to explore and reconstruct: a) periodicity in the periodic table as a function of atomic theory; b) role of predictions in scientific theories and its implications for the periodic table; and c) Mendeleev’s contribution: theory or an empirical law? The reconstruction shows that despite Mendeleev’s own ambivalence, periodicity of properties of chemical elements in the periodic table can be attributed to the atomic theory. It is argued that based on the Lakatosian framework, predictions (novel facts) play an important role in the development of scientific theories. In this context, Mendeleev’s predictions played a crucial role in the development of the periodic table. Finally, it is concluded that Mendeleev’s contribution can be considered as an “interpretative” theory which became “explanatory” after the periodic table was based on atomic numbers. 相似文献
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A. Huber 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1982,38(12):1397-1400
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V. Jayaram D. Chandra Sekara Reddy B. Padmanabha Naidu 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1978,34(9):1184-1185
Summary Maximal activity levels of phosphorylase A and AB at 20.00 h alternate with minimal levels at 08.00 h of the day, while the glycogen content exhibited a reverse trend in the heart of the scorpion,Heterometrus fulvipes.Acknowledgment. The authors thank Prof. K.S. Swami, for providing facilities. The financial assistance rendered by UGC (to VJ) and ICMR (to DCR) is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
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M. N. Galbraith D. H. S. Horn E. J. Middleton J. N. Kaplanis M. J. Thompson 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1973,29(7):782-782
Résumé Le Podecdysone C, un stérol extrait de l'écorce de l'arbrePodocarpus elatus R. Br. et qui fonctionne comme hormone de mue est identique au THE-III (26-hydroxy--ecdysone, II) extrait du ver du tabacManduca sexta. 相似文献
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C. S. Tumosa 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1984,40(7):718-719
Summary A lectin was found in the pollen ofCannabis sativa L. which reacted with papain treated erythrocytes. The lectin has an affinity for glucose containing receptor sites. 相似文献
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M. L. Barrett A. M. Scutt F. J. Evans 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1986,42(4):452-453
Summary Two novel prenylat flavones, termed Cannflavin A and B, were isolated from the cannabinoid free ethanolic extract ofCannabis sativa L. Both compounds inhibited prostaglandin E2 production by human rheumatoid synovial cells in culture.This communication is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor J. W. Fairbairn and the late Dr. J. T. Pickens. We are grateful to the Medical Research Council for a project grant and to Ms J. Elliot of King's College London for NMR spectra. 相似文献
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F. Magni F. Papi H. E. Savely P. Tongiorgi 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1962,18(11):511-511
Zusammenfassung Registrierung der Elektroretinogramme jedes Auges der WolfspinneArctosa variana C.L.K. nach Reizung mit polarisiertem Licht. Bei Reizung der vorderen und hinteren Mittelaugen erhält man während der Polarizatordrehung Minima und Maxima. Der Effekt unterbleibt an den vorderen und hinteren Seitenaugen.
This research has been sponsored jointly by the Office of Scientific Research, EOAR, through the European Office, Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, under Contract No. AF 61 (052)-107, and by the Rockefeller Foundation. 相似文献
This research has been sponsored jointly by the Office of Scientific Research, EOAR, through the European Office, Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, under Contract No. AF 61 (052)-107, and by the Rockefeller Foundation. 相似文献
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《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics》2009,40(4):290-302
This paper examines the interweaving of the history of quantum decoherence and the interpretation problem in quantum mechanics through the work of two physicists—H. Dieter Zeh and Wojciech Zurek. In the early 1970s Zeh anticipated many of the important concepts of decoherence, framing it within an Everett-type interpretation. Zeh has since remained committed to this view; however, Zurek, whose papers in the 1980s were crucial in the treatment of the preferred basis problem and the subsequent development of density matrix formalism, has argued that decoherence leads to what he terms the ‘existential interpretation’, compatible with certain aspects of both Everett's relative-state formulation and the Bohr's ‘Copenhagen interpretation’. I argue that these different interpretations can be traced back to the different early approaches to the study of environment-induced decoherence in quantum systems, evident in the early work of Zeh and Zurek. I also show how Zurek's work has contributed to the tendency to see decoherence as contributing to a ‘new orthodoxy’ or a reconstruction of the original Copenhagen interpretation. 相似文献
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J. Roth 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1995,51(7):640-651
When the German physicist W. C. Röntgen discovered X-rays, which were named after him, he introduced a new development in medicine and biology: together with the discoveries of A. H. Becquerel and M. Curie, radiology with its diagnostic and therapeutic methods was made possible. The medical physicist has an important task to fulfill in modern radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and radiodiagnostics. The longtime interdisciplinary collaboration has won the international recognition of medical physics as a scientific discipline, a health care profession and a university subject. Several incidents, including contemporary ones, show that the efforts made towards radiation protection must remain an important domain of the specialist. 相似文献
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Riassunto Osservazioni su femmine diForficula auricularia L. indicano che esse possiedono un solo cariotipo formato da 22 autosomi e da 2 cromosomiX. Sulla base di questo studio, suggeriamo che i maschi con 3 cromosomi sessuali sono del tipoXYY, e nonXXY come precedentemente ritenuto da varii autori. Ci sono maschiXY
1t, XY2, XY2Y2 e mosaiciXY
2/XY2Y2 nella popolazione. Inoltre viene dimostrato che solamente il più grande dei due cromosomi Y, che caratterizzano questa specie, viene accumulato nei maschi con un meccanismo multiple di cromosomi sessuali.
Supported by a postgraduate award from the Commonwealth of Australia to G.C.W. and by Public Health Service Grant No. GM-07212 from the Division of General Medical Sciences, U.S. National Institutes of Health and by a grant from the Australian Research Grants Committee. 相似文献
Supported by a postgraduate award from the Commonwealth of Australia to G.C.W. and by Public Health Service Grant No. GM-07212 from the Division of General Medical Sciences, U.S. National Institutes of Health and by a grant from the Australian Research Grants Committee. 相似文献
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R.E.W. Maddison B.Sc. Ph.D. 《Annals of science》2013,70(3-4):141-214
“To whom is the Consecration of Medal, Stature or even Pyramid more jusly due, than to … the late Illustraious Boyle? … for the happy Improvement of Otto Guericks Magdeburg Exhausterm and for his Profound and Noble Researches into all the abstruser Parts and Recesses of the most useful Philosophy … I have named the Illustrious Boyle, and fix his Trophy here.” John Evelyn, Numismata, 1697.
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