基于纹理识别的航海雷达溢油监测系统

为了实时监测海面溢油情况,根据航海雷达特点,梳理出一条利用航海雷达进行溢油监测的技术路线,主要涵盖系统框架设计、核心油膜提取算法等.其中,系统框架采用DSP处理芯片,对雷达视频信号进行采样处理,选用PCI接口便于拓展应用,选取基于纹理识别的方法用于油膜提取.该技术路线理论可为后期深入研究和系统开发提供理论基础.     

雷达海冰监测系统与数值预报技术在辽东湾冰区作业中的应用

利用航海雷达在辽东湾冰区石油平台上,现场实时进行海冰观测;雷达监测海冰系统,针对海冰类型识别及对应冰厚度、流冰漂移速度、方向、冰边缘线等要素进行观测;应用统计模式分类法,对雷达观测的海冰数据进行分类、验证,其海冰分类识别结果标准率达80％以上,同时开展现场流冰跟踪数值预报业务,检验了现场雷达海冰监测、数值预报的可行性和应用性．     

航海雷达与ARPA模拟器教学的研究与实践

航海教育具有国际性,航海技术学科是应用性、实践性很强的学科,其实践教学是非常重要的环节.针对国际海事组织的STCW78/95公约提出的航海类专业人才的培养必须注重适任性（即在传授知识的基础上着重能力的培养）,进行航海雷达与自动雷达标绘仪模拟器实践教学的研究,丰富了航海技术实践教学体系,大大提高课程教学效果.其成果充分表明航海模拟器训练是一种很好的航海实践教学手段。     

航海雷达接收机微带混频器原理的研究

针对近年来应用于航海雷达的新型微带混频器，通过对输入输出信号频谱分析，严格论证了该器件的工作原理和工作特性，在理论和实践应用上具有参考价值。     

航海雷达的岸基应用系统

各种岸基监控领域采用通用航海雷达替代专门岸基雷达,使监控系统更经济可靠并便于维护.本文提出基于航海雷达的岸基监控系统的构建方案,讨论系统信息处理功能,给出雷达与AIS目标数据融合的基本方案,该方案已在长江大桥安全监控系统中实际应用,并获得良好的使用效益.     

航海雷达测速方法的探讨

为解决航海雷达运用多卜勒技术所负担的高造价的问题,提出了一种新的测速方法,这种方法基于多卜勒效应的利用,其核心是捕获多卜勒频率．该方法利用了功率谱密度和频率的对应关系,同时也利用了现有航海雷达信号检测已较为成熟之处、并设计了系统框图,分析了这种新方法的方便性和优越性．最后对该方法进行了验证计算,从中可看出,此种方法是一种简单可行的方法．     

智能图象目标识别与跟踪

论述了采用高速数字信号处理器研制的智能图象跟踪系统，对系统的软，硬件进行了设计，燕进行了室内外目标跟踪实验，结果表明该系统有以下特点：对锁定目标能自动识别；同时跟踪多个目标；被遮挡目标能记忆跟踪；目标丢失能自动搜索；跟踪过程中对目标变化自适应决策，目标充满视场时跟踪原质心点；能自动识别、捕获预定目标。     

测控雷达的目标跟踪与定位研究

近年来民用和军事上对测控雷达的目标定位与跟踪的精准度要求越来越高,因此对多目标的时时跟踪成为了科研人员的关注焦点,对数据的处理和捕捉目标的快速性也作为评判跟踪算法的主要目标。     

船载雷达海冰监测及预报技术在辽东湾冰区油船外输作业中的应用

介绍了在国内首次利用船载雷达，在冰区石油平台上，现场采用雷达海冰监测预报技术系统，进行雷达海冰图像数值化处理，得到流冰类型、冰厚度、流冰密集度、流冰速度、方向、流冰漂移轨迹等要素．同时首次现场实时计算出雷达冰漂流场矢量图，并开展了雷达海冰数值跟踪预报，在冰区油船外输作业中得到很好应用．为船载雷达在海洋监测预报技术和环境工程的应用提供科学依据．     

雷达海面目标识别技术研究进展

 针对雷达海面目标识别特征数据缺乏和识别算法推广能力差等问题,从雷达目标电磁散射特性和目标分类识别两方面总结了雷达海面目标识别技术的研究热点和发展趋势。围绕海面目标雷达特性,从电磁散射测量和建模两个方面综述了国内外研究现状;从低分辨雷达回波、高分辨距离像、高分辨雷达图像3方面综述了海面目标识别技术发展现状;介绍了雷达海面目标识别工程应用情况;最后展望了海面目标识别技术的发展趋势。     

基于实测冰芯数据的南极海冰厚度的数值模拟

根据我国第22次南极科学考察现场观测数据以及现场采集的冰芯分析数据,考虑太阳辐射、云量等因素对南极海冰厚度变化的影响,利用最小二乘法辨识气温与冰表面温度之间的关系,并以辨识结果所得到的冰表面温度作为上边界条件,依据实测情况取结冰点-1．81℃作为下边界条件,对一维热传导方程采用Crank-Nicolson格式进行离散,对南极中山站内拉湾附近海域海冰厚度变化进行了数值模拟,并与现场观测的海冰厚度数据进行了对比。     

基于Android系统的船用雷达仿真系统研究

现有的船用雷达模拟器大多是基于桌面系统研发。随着移动互联网的迅速发展,基于移动终端的船用雷达仿真系统具有潜在的应用价值。参照JRC-JMA-9100型号雷达,基于Android移动平台设计并实现了一个船用雷达仿真系统APP。采用一种改进的道格拉斯 普克算法对岸线数据抽稀,使用圆周扫描算法对物标进行扫描求交,提高了雷达模拟器岸线回波的绘制效率。采用瑞利分布、正态分布数学模型,利用模型叠加的方式,实现了海杂波、雨雪杂波的仿真。采用分层显示的方式实现了电子方位线、活动距标圈、平行索引线、自动捕获区、偏心显示等雷达刻度系统功能。仿真结果表明,系统在移动终端上运行稳定,仿真效果良好。     

Arctic sea ice bordering on the North Atlantic and interannual climate variations

Variations of winter Arctic sea ice bordering on the North Atlantic are closely related to climate variations in the same region. When winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is positive (negative) anomaly phase, Icelandic Low is obviously deepened and shifts northwards (southwards). Simultaneously, the Subtropical High over the North Atlantic is also intensified, and moves northwards (southwards). Those anomalies strengthen (weaken) westerly between Icelandic Low and the Subtropical High, and further result in positive (negative) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the mid-latitude of the North Atlantic, and increase (decrease) the warm water transportation from the mid-latitude to the Barents Sea, which causes positive (negative) mixed-layer water temperature anomalies in the south part of the Barents Sea. Moreover, the distribution of anomaly air temperature clearly demonstrates warming (cooling) in northern Europe and the subarctic regions (including the Barents Sea) and cooling (warming) in Baffin Bay/Davis Strait. Both of distributions of SST and air temperature anomalies directly result in sea ice decrease (increase) in the Barents/Kara Seas, and sea ice increase (decrease) in Baffin Bay/Davis Strait. :     

Preliminary results of ice radar investigation along the traverse between Zhongshan and Dome A in East Antarctic ice sheet: Ice thickness and subglacial topography

During the 24th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE 24, 2007/08), a ground-based ice radar was used to survey ice thickness and subglacial topography along the 1170 km traverse between Zhongshan and Dome A in East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS). Ice-bedrock interface was detected along 82% of the traverse and data was collected at a horizontal resolution of <5.6 m. The data was processed to produce curves of ice thickness distribution and subglacial topography along the traverse. The results indicate that, along the traverse, the average ice thickness is 2037 m, smaller than the average ice thickness in EAIS; the thickest ice is at 730 km, and the thinnest ice (891 m) is at the edge of the ice sheet, but the slightly larger ice thickness (1078 m) in inland appears at 1020 km; the average subglacial topography elevation is 728 m, greatly larger than the average value in EAIS, and the largest elevation reaches up to 2650 m at 1034 km. The lowest terrain is located at 765 km. In further inland of 900–1170 km, the subglacial topography is relatively high due to the existence of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in the region. Generally, the influence of subglacial topography on ice surface is not significant, except at 900 km where great rise of subglacial topography causes evident uplift of ice surface. Where ice-bedrock interface was detected, the frequent and strong change of ice thickness and subglacial topography in small-scale means large bedrock roughness along the traverse, and is considered as the result of the integrated influence of ice flow, basal environments and geology. The segment where bedrock was not detected has very large ice thickness. The strong ice flow there also makes internal structure more complicated and induces serious attenuation of radar signals.     

Effects of autumn-winter Arctic sea ice on winter Siberian High

The intensity of the winter Siberian High has significantly negative correlations with Arctic sea ice concentration anomalies from the previous autumn to winter seasons in the Eastern Arctic Ocean and Siberian marginal seas. Our results indicate that autumn-winter Arctic sea ice concentration and concurrent sea surface temperature anomalies are responsible for the winter Siberian High and surface air temperature anomalies over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia and East Asia. Numerical experiments also support this conclusion, and consistently show that the low sea ice concentration causes negative surface air temperature anomalies over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia. A mechanism is proposed to explain the association between autumn-winter sea ice concentration and winter Siberian High. Our results also show that September sea ice concentration provides a potential precursor for winter Siberian High that cannot be predicted using only tropical sea surface temperatures. In the last two decades (1990–2009), a strengthening trend of winter Siberian High along with a decline trend in surface air temperature in the mid-high latitudes of the Asian Continent have favored the recent frequent cold winters over East Asia. The reason for these short-term trends in winter Siberian High and surface air temperature are discussed.     

从船侧倾斜拍摄图像中提取海冰密集度的方法

为消除提取海冰密集度时因摄影镜头倾斜造成图像变形可能引起的误差,基于摄影测量学原理,对倾斜拍摄引起的图像变形进行修正,建立从倾斜拍摄的图像中提取海冰密集度的精确方法和相应的简化算法.以2006年德国南极威德尔海冬季考察中获取的图像为例,讨论了现场观测时的系统标定方法和不同算法的计算结果.对比分析验证了图像变形修正的必要性,说明简化算法能够同时保证海冰密集度计算的精度和效率.     

冬季覆盖海冰条件下海冰消融过程水盐变化分析

众多国家和地区对非常规水源利用一直给予研究和重视。冬季海冰覆盖条件下,融水质量变化特征不同于常规灌溉,研究和掌握其规律对咸水冰资源综合利用十分重要。利用冬季室外冰柱、土柱实验,以实时监测海冰消融全过程为手段,深入分析冬季覆冰条件下海冰融水水量及总盐动态变化。实验结果表明:融水量最大值出现在下午15时左右;覆盖海冰条件下,海冰消融入渗过程分为集中排盐、深度脱盐、淡水入渗三个阶段。实验结果可为冬季覆冰或咸水结冰灌溉提供技术参考。     

Relationship between Hadley circulation and sea ice extent in the Bering Sea

The linkage between Hadley circulation （HC） and sea ice extent in the Bering Sea during March-April is investigated through an analysis of observed data in this research. It is found that HC is negatively correlated to the sea ice extent in the Bering Sea, namely, strong （weak） HC is corresponding to less （more） sea ice in the Bering Sea. The present study also addresses the large-scale atmospheric general circulation changes underlying the relationship between HC and sea ice in the Bering Sea. It follows that a positive phase of HC corresponds to westward located Aleutian low, anomalous southerlies over the eastern North Pacific and higher temperature in the Bering Sea, providing unfavorable atmospheric and thermal conditions for the sea ice forming, and thus sea ice extent in the Bering Sea is decreased, and vice versa. In addition, it is further identified that East Asian-North Pacific-North America teleconnection may play an important role in linking HC and changes of atmospheric circulations as well as sea ice in the Bering Sea.