微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

不同结构和形态的天然镁硅酸盐:与K反应制备生物柴油的K2MgSiO4催化剂

In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K₂MgSiO₄ phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K₂MgSiO₄ formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K₂MgSiO₄.     

烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

PLGA/硬石复合涂层镁基纳米复合材料在植入应用时的体外生物活性和腐蚀行为

A type of polymer/ceramic coating was introduced on a magnesium-based nanocomposite, and the nanocomposite was evaluated for implant applications. The microstructure, corrosion, and bioactivity of the coated and uncoated samples were assessed. Mechanical alloying followed by sintering was applied to fabricate the Mg–3Zn–0.5Ag–15NiTi nanocomposite substrate. Moreover, different contents of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coatings were studied, and 10wt% of PLGA content was selected. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the bulk nanocomposite showed an acceptable homogenous dispersion of the NiTi nanoparticles (NPs) in the Mg-based matrix. In the in vitro bioactivity evaluation, following the immersion of the uncoated and coated samples in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, the Ca/P atomic ratio demonstrated that the apatite formation amount on the coated sample was greater than that on the uncoated nanocomposite. Furthermore, assessing the corrosion resistance indicated that the coatings on the Mg-based substrate led to a corrosion current density (i_corr) that was considerably lower than that of the substrate. Such a condition revealed that the coating would provide an obstacle for the corrosion. Based on this study, the PLGA/hardystonite (HT) composite-coated Mg–3Zn–0.5Ag–15NiTi nanocomposite may be suitably applied as an orthopedic implant biomaterial.     

矿山尾矿作为碱活化原料的研究进展

The mining industry produces billions of tons of mine tailings annually. However, because of their lack of economic value, most of the tailings are discarded near the mining sites, typically under water. The primary environmental concerns of mine tailings are related to their heavy metal and sulfidic mineral content. Oxidation of sulfidic minerals can produce acid mine drainage that leaches heavy metals into the surrounding water. The management of tailing dams requires expensive construction and careful control, and there is the need for stable, sustainable, and economically viable management technologies. Alkali activation as a solidification/stabilization technology offers an attractive way to deal with mine tailings. Alkali activated materials are hardened, concrete-like structures that can be formed from raw materials that are rich in aluminum and silicon, which fortunately, are the main elements in mining residues. Furthermore, alkali activation can immobilize harmful heavy metals within the structure. This review describes the research on alkali activated mine tailings. The reactivity and chemistry of different minerals are discussed. Since many mine tailings are poorly reactive under alkaline conditions, different pretreatment methods and their effects on the mineralogy are reviewed. Possible applications for these materials are also discussed.     

动态应变时效的应力状态依赖性:热硬化和蓝脆

This study aims to discover the stress-state dependence of the dynamic strain aging (DSA) effect on the deformation and fracture behavior of high-strength dual-phase (DP) steel at different deformation temperatures (25–400°C) and reveal the damage mechanisms under these various configurations. To achieve different stress states, predesigned specimens with different geometric features were used. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to analyze the fracture modes (e.g., dimple or shear mode) and underlying damage mechanism of the investigated material. DSA is present in this DP steel, showing the Portevin–Le Chatelier (PLC) effect with serrated flow behavior, thermal hardening, and blue brittleness phenomena. Results show that the stress state contributes distinctly to the DSA effect in terms of the magnitude of thermal hardening and the pattern of blue brittleness. Either low stress triaxiality or Lode angle parameter promotes DSA-induced blue brittleness. Accordingly, the damage mechanisms also show dependence on the stress states in conjunction with the DSA effect.     

关于钢水质量窄窗口稳定控制的思考

In order to promote the intelligent transformation and upgrading of the steel industry, intelligent technology features based on the current situation and challenges of the steel industry are discussed in this paper. Based on both domestic and global research, functional analysis, reasonable positioning, and process optimization of each aspect of steel making are expounded. The current state of molten steel quality and implementation under narrow window control is analyzed. A method for maintaining stability in the narrow window control technology of steel quality is proposed, controlled by factors including composition, temperature, time, cleanliness, and consumption (raw material). Important guidance is provided for the future development of a green and intelligent steel manufacturing process.     

不同应变速率下Mg?B4C纳米复合材料的力学性能表征

Magnesium has wide application in industry. The main purpose of this investigation was to improve the properties of magnesium by reinforcing it using B₄C nanoparticles. The reinforced nanocomposites were fabricated using a powder compaction technique for 0, 1.5vol%, 3vol%, 5vol%, and 10vol% of B₄C. Powder compaction was conducted using a split Hopkinson bar (SHB), drop hammer (DH), and Instron to reach different compaction loading rates. The compressive stress–strain curves of the samples were captured from quasi-static and dynamic tests carried out using an Instron and split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. Results revealed that, to achieve the highest improvement in ultimate strength, the contents of B₄C were 1.5vol%, 3vol%, and 3vol% for Instron, DH, and SHB, respectively. These results also indicated that the effect of compaction type on the quasi-static strength of the samples was not as significant, although its effect on the dynamic strength of the samples was remarkable. The improvement in ultimate strength obtained from the quasi-static stress–strain curves of the samples (compared to pure Mg) varied from 9.9% for DH to 24% for SHB. The dynamic strength of the samples was improved (with respect to pure Mg) by 73%, 116%, and 141% for the specimens compacted by Instron, DH, and SHB, respectively. The improvement in strength was believed to be due to strengthening mechanisms, friction, adiabatic heating, and shock waves.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

多Agent系统中组织适应的形式化方法

多Agent系统(MAS)中的组织在调节Agent社会方面已被证明是成功的。然而,Agent的行为或动态环境的改变可能导致系统意图的不良执行,所以整个组织需要通过改变来适应新的环境。多Agent系统中从组织的社会结构、社会协定、目标到组织如何适应,提出了一种形式化描述方法,此方法为以后研究多Agent系统的组织适应奠定了理论基础。     

提高会计类专业本科人才培养质量的途径探讨

自从我国高校进入大发展时期以来,会计专业一直成为各类院校最热门的专业之一,高校为我国会计人才的培养做出了重要贡献。但在该专业本科人才培养过程中还存在着不少问题,严重影响了人才培养的质量,因此,必须通过创新人才培养模式,改革会计课程结构,构建全程一体化教学实践体系,改进学生考核评价机制,加强"双师型"队伍建设等途径予以解决。     

大庆油田杏六区块东部聚合物驱试井分析

对大庆油田杏六区东部区块聚驱条件下含水率、产液量等动态参数的变化规律进行了综合评价.同时结合生产井实例对杏六区聚合物驱试井曲线的变化特征进行分析.结果表明:注聚合物后地层渗透率降低,渗流阻力增大,注采压差增大;各注聚试验区虽然注入压力有较大幅度的增加,而生产井流动压力却有不同程度的下降,含水率下降,产液量上升;根据试井解释时采用的油藏模型,可以判断在聚合物驱油过程中,油藏模型由均质油藏变化为复合油藏再变化为均质油藏,或由均质油藏变为均质加边界油藏再变化为均质油藏;为防止聚合物突破时间过快,可在聚合物驱油初期对地层进行适当调剖,避免油藏过早达到均质油藏阶段,这有利于提高中低渗透层的出油潜力,有效提高原油采收率.     

初高中物理学习方法的衔接

针对初、高中物理学习衔接"不畅",指出了学习高中物理的障碍,以及初、高中物理学习方法的不同,提出了学好高中物理的途径。首先是排除学习中的数学障碍;其次尽快适应高中物理的学习方法,提高学习能力。     

论煤矿安全监察管理工作中地方政府的作用

地方政府在煤矿安全监察管理中具有十分重要的作用,但目前一些地方政府对安全监察管理工作的重要性认识不到位,支持和协助不力,与监察结构配合较差。必须进一步理顺煤矿安全监察体制和安全管理体制,争取各级地方政府的支持,严格依法开展煤矿安全监察工作。     

高校参与城乡结合部社区体育文化建设研究 ——以安徽省为例

采用问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对安徽省新型城镇化进程中高校参与城乡结合部社区体育文化建设情况进行调查。结果表明:安徽省高校体育场馆设施对城乡结合部社区居民开放使用的最主要形式是限制性开放、象征性收费、相关领导和体育教师都参与了城乡结合部社区体育文化建设、学生参与城乡结合部社区体育文化建设最主要的形式是在老师的组织下跟同学一起参与、举办体育文化活动项目最多的是乒乓球。分析了高校在城乡结合部社区体育文化建设中的作用有其体育资源能够为城乡结合部社区体育文化建设提供软件和硬件保障,有利于培养城乡结合部社区居民的终身体育意识,有利于推进全民健身计划。从加强高校参与城乡结合部社区体育文化建设的规章制度建设、增加经费投入等方面提出安徽省新型城镇化进程中高校参与城乡结合部社区体育文化建设的一些建议。     

中国自由生活革螨调查报告(XII) （蜱螨亚纲：中气门目）

通过整理和鉴定,有革螨12科20属32种,其中省区新记录14种。包括厉螨科Laelapidae西宁下盾螨Hypoaspis xiningensis Ma et Lin, 2009（西藏自治区新记录）;湖南下盾螨Hypoaspis hunanensis Ma et Zheng, 2000（云南省新记录）。镰螨科Blattisocidae帕尔巴特手绥螨Cheiroseius parbatensis Evans et Hyatt, 1960（西藏自治区新记录）。裂胸螨科Aceosejidae半裂北绥螨Arctoseius semiscissus (Berlese, 1892)（山西省新记录）。寄螨科Parasitidae邓氏寄螨Parasitus tengkuofani Ma, 1995（西藏自治区新记录）。囊螨科Ascidae安氏囊螨Asca anwenjui Ma, 2003（西藏自治区新记录）。胭螨科Rhodacaridae单刺枝厉螨Dendrolaelaps unispinatus Ishikawa, 1977（北京市新记录）;匈牙利拟枝厉螨Dendrolaelaspis hungaricus Hirschmann et Wisniewski, 1982（山西省新记录）。美绥螨科Ameroseiidae越南美绥螨Ameroseius vietnamensis Micherdzinski, 1965（西藏自治区新记录）;印度新曲厉螨Neocypholaelaps indica Evans, 1963（西藏自治区新记录）。犹伊螨科Eviphididae果洛蜣盾螨Scarabaspis guoluoensis Liu, Gu et Ma, 1992（西藏自治区新记录)。植绥螨科Phytoseiidae伪新小绥螨Neoseiulus fallacies (Garman, 1948)(西藏自治区新记录);装饰新小绥螨Neoseiulus ornatus (Liang et Ke, 1984)（西藏自治区新记录）;芬兰真绥螨Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans, 1915)（西藏自治区新记录）。     

全球化对我国法律人才培养模式与方法的影响

全球化泛指多领域间的更多联系、破除疆域、协调合作,其中包括法律的全球化。我国现有的法律人才培养模式与教学方法要积极主动地适应法律全球化的需要,一是要加强培养高端精英型法律人才,主动参与法律全球化进程,争取全球治理下的中国自主性与话语权;二是要完善各层次应用型法律人才的培养目标和方案,更好地服务于转型期依法治国的需求;三是要更新法学教学手段,强化法学教学方法的实践性,从而增强法律领域的国际竞争力。     

体育游戏在田径术课教学中的应用

针对我国在田径术课的教学中内容枯燥、形式单一、教学方法落后的现状,对体育游戏在田径术课中的作用、特点、方法及组织教法进行综合分析。结果发现:体育游戏能够有效地改变传统的体育教学模式,丰富教学内容,完善教学方法,提高教学质量,以及实现健身和娱乐等功能。     

在Delphi中实现Excel的自动化

讨论了Delphi中，如何通过编程操纵Excel，包括在Excel中打开文件，添加工作表和工作图表，向Excel中导入数据，以及编辑Excel的行列属性等。