探讨蒸汽安瓿检漏灭菌器灭菌性能验证方法

确保XG1.DN-3.0蒸汽安瓿检漏灭菌器按设定的灭菌参数对小容量注射液进行灭菌,能有效地达到灭菌效果,保证小容量注射液的无菌。用经过校准合格的温度探头分别对蒸汽安瓿检漏灭菌器进行连续三次空载热分布、满载热分布、热穿透及生物指示剂挑战测试,验证过程灭菌温度设定为115℃,灭菌时间为30min。热分布验证过程,蒸汽安瓿检漏灭菌器腔体内所有探头温度均维持在115℃~117℃,蒸汽安瓿检漏灭菌器空载热分布、满载热分布/热穿透及生物指示剂挑战测试结果表明,灭菌过程,在设备空载、满载情况下,蒸汽安瓿检漏灭菌器温度分布均匀,热穿透各探头温度F0值均8,灭菌后所有生物指示剂挑战检验结果均为阴性,阳性对照检验结果为阳性。因此,按照预期的灭菌参数进行灭菌,灭菌过程蒸汽安瓿检漏灭菌器空载热分布、满载热穿透及灭菌效果有效。该设备符合灭菌设备设计及GMP要求。     

高压蒸汽灭菌对三七中有效成份的影响

以高压蒸汽灭菌法对三七药材进行灭菌，灭菌后用HPLC法对药材中的有效成份三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1进行检测，同时以未灭菌处理的三七药材粉作为对照样品进行含量检测，记录灭菌前后所测定成份的含量变化情况。结果表明三七经高压蒸汽灭菌后有效成份降低明显，不宜采用高压蒸汽灭菌法对三七进行灭菌。     

煤粉锅炉过热蒸汽系统的自适应控制

介绍了模型参考自适应控制理论在一台75t／h的煤粉锅炉过热蒸汽温度控制系统中的应用，并且对在用微机实现控制时遇到的参数选择问题作了研究．仿真结果表明．采用自适应控制方式能够使过热蒸汽温度系统在参数发生较大幅度变化时仍能保持良好的控制品质．     

加热灭菌与贮藏条件对远海梭子蟹卫生指标的影响

以远海梭子蟹为研究对象,通过蒸汽蒸煮和水煮方法进行灭菌兼熟制,将灭菌后的熟制蟹分别在-18℃、-50℃的温度下冻藏,比较杀菌和冻藏后微生物的变化情况。结果表明,采用蒸汽杀菌的方法,蟹肉的营养成分变化较小;98℃,加热7~16 min,口感最佳。-50℃冻藏,微生物数量明显较-18℃低;真空包装微生物的数量明显低于普通包装。     

平顶山电厂~#2锅炉过热汽温自动系统投运

平顶山电厂￣＃２锅炉过热汽温自动系统投运郑麦克（平顶山电厂）过热蒸汽温度是锅炉运行质量的重要指标之一．过热蒸汽温度过高或过低都会显著地影响电厂的安全性和经济性，过热蒸汽温度过高，可能造成过热器、蒸汽管道和汽轮机的高压部分金属损坏；过热蒸汽温度过低，会...     

不同土壤灭菌方法对土壤微生物活性的影响

灭菌处理是土壤生态学、微生物学及其相关学科的一种重要研究手段,灭菌效果的好坏直接关系到后续研究的进行及其结果的准确性.常用土壤灭菌方法的灭菌效果及其评估仍然存在很大的不确定性.本文选取目前常用的3种灭菌方法,即高温高压蒸汽法、氯仿熏蒸法及辐射灭菌法,对不同背景的土壤样品进行灭菌.通过改变灭菌次数及灭菌间隔时间,观察灭菌后土壤微生物呼吸速率的变化.结果表明:(1)常规氯仿熏蒸灭菌后土壤微生物呼吸速率并不完全随着微生物量的减小而降低,说明单纯从土壤微生物量的角度不能准确界定灭菌效果以及解析微生物在土壤生态过程中的作用;(2)高温高压蒸汽比常规氯仿熏蒸和辐射灭菌方法有更好的土壤微生物灭活效果.实际应用中采用高温高压蒸汽灭菌时,建议采用灭菌2次、时间间隔为3d的灭菌处理;在相关研究中,对使用该方法灭菌效果的分析研究最佳时间不宜超过2d.     

纸质包装箱的灭菌条件及其在屏障环境下的存放时限

目的研究实验动物纸质包装箱的灭菌条件及其在屏障环境下的存放时限。方法将包装箱用预真空高压蒸汽法灭菌,比较不同灭菌时间的灭菌效果;将彻底灭菌的包装箱在屏障环境下存放,检测不同存放时长下细菌生长情况。结果采用预真空高压蒸汽灭菌法抽真空3次、干燥5 min、121℃、25 min的灭菌条件能较彻底灭菌;存放时间3天以内,细菌检出率低。结论要实现包装箱灭菌彻底,灭菌时间需25 min;灭菌后的包装箱最好随灭随用,在屏障环境下存放的时间以不超过3天为宜。     

高压灭菌器的合理使用

高压灭菌器的合理使用郭似惠高压蒸汽灭菌虽然具有灭菌速度快、效果可靠、温度高、穿透力强等优点，但如果使用不当，亦可导致灭菌的失败。本人从事灭菌工作七年，现浅谈在灭菌中应注意的几点意见。一、消毒物品的初步处理凡接触过病原微生物的医疗器械、被单、衣物等均应...     

基于MCGS的轨道板蒸汽养护监控系统

设计了一套基于MCGS的轨道板蒸汽养护监控系统.该系统实现了对现场温度数据的实时采集、动态显示、实时报警、报表打印等功能.根据蒸汽养护过程中温度控制具有大滞后、非线性的特点,对蒸汽窑的温度采用参数自整定模糊PID控制,提高了温度的控制精度.     

S7-200在蒸汽灭菌器中的应用

本文主要介绍了蒸汽灭菌电控原理,阐述了PLC的概况、温度压力程序设计及控制画面的设计。PLC的应用提高了整个控制系统的可靠性和抗干扰性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with