民族和谐与系统观

本文阐述了研究民族系统的传统方法和系统方法,强调了民族系统演化的条件性、环境性及民族精神的重要性。提出了民族系统的特点,主要包括民族的演化、融合的乘数原理,民族系统的复杂性、长期性,以及民族系统的宗教性。本文认为,民族差异的多样性是民族整体和谐的基础。民族系统是由民族产生的环境、民族的精神和民族的状态三要素构成,并在此基础上阐述了民族的现代化问题。     

论科学发展观的系统思维特征

当代系统思维作为反映现代科学研究方法论内在要求的社会思维范式，具有自身思维的开放性、复杂性、整体性和协调发展性等基本特点。当代系统思维是科学发展的思维基础。科学发展观本质上是属于系统思维发展观，具有发展思维的开放性、人之主体性、人之动因与目的性、发展形式的多样性、整体的协调性和有序调控性等系统思维特征及其时代内涵。     

Consideration of Categories and Tools for Holistic Thinking

Ethical thinking strives to understand the shape of the perceptions of all the stakeholders and eschews thinking in terms of simplistic categories or binary oppositions. This paper attempts to provide some tools for workers who are concerned about the quality of their practice and wish to find creative solutions. Tools can be used to enhance the ability of human service workers in both the corporate and the public sector to think creatively. Theoretical literacy is a response to a postmodernist reality of competing constructs of truth. The complexity of the variables with which we are faced needs to be considered in each instance, not brushed aside with a uniformly applied formula.     

产业选择及其指标体系的一种系统思考

产业是人、自然、社会互动的中介。产业选择不仅需要从产业运行本身,更要从世界大系统联系中去进行,这要求产业选择及其指标设计不仅要体现产业的创新发展,更要体现人、自然、社会之间的良性互动与和谐。     

Systemic Thinking in China: A Meta-Decision-Making Bridge to Western Concepts

We use a meta-decision-making approach to show that parallels can be drawn between an Oriental systems methodology, wuli, shili, renli (WSR), and the adjusting, convincing, and committing dimensions in nomology, a generic metamodel that is based in decision science. We then use the match between them to propose a metalinguistic bridge between China and the West that could aid in the communication and sharing of systems experiences. We use the bridge to consider some of the interpretations of Chinese systems experiences in terms of Western models in a special issue of Systemic Practice and Action Research (Vol. 13, No. 1, 2000) on systemic thinking in China. We show how WSR could help to relate these interpretations in terms of Chinese concepts. We explore proposals in a paper in the special issue by Midgley et al. (2000) about how to operationalize human relations in Chinese systems practice. We show that these correspond to a suggestion that developing commitment within a systems project should be done in a convincing manner. Hence, in WSR terms, we would say that their advice could be interpreted as meaning that shili should be used to operationalize renli. Finally, we propose as a research agenda that the bridge be used to explore how Chinese insights could help to illuminate Western systems experience.     

Diagnosis of Organizational Soft Problems in a Peruvian Financial Institution by Systemic Thinking

Managing financial institutions in an underdeveloped economic context has become a real challenge nowadays. In order to reach the organization’s planned goals, they have to deal with structural, behavioral and informational problems. From the systemic point of view, this situation gets even worse when the company does not present organizational boundaries and a cohesive identification for their stakeholders. Thus, European countries have some special financial lines in order to help the development of micro credit in Latin communities in an attempt to help the local economy. However, institutions like Caixa dos Andes in Peru present management problems when dealing with this complexity. Based on this, how can the systemic eye help in the diagnosis of soft problems of a Peruvian financial company? This study aims to diagnose soft problems of a Peruvian financial company based on soft variables like identity, communication and autonomy and also intends to identify possible ways to redesign its basic framework. The (VSM––Viable System Model) method from Beer (1967), applied in this diagnostic study, was used in a practical way as a management tool for organizations’ analysis and planning. By describing the VSM’s five systems, the creation of a systemic vision or a total vision is possible, showing the organization’s complexity from the inside. Some company’s soft problems like double control, inefficient use of physical and human resources, low information flows, slowness, etc. The VSM presented an organizational diagnosis indicating effective solutions that do integrate its five systems.     

从我国古代系统思想看现代可持续发展观

我国古代先哲们提出的朴素系统思想 ,与现代系统论有许多相似之处。可持续发展观是基于现代系统论解决环境问题而提出来的 ,二者的契合点就是系统的整体观、协同观     

A Brief Review of Peter B. Checkland's Contribution to Systemic Thinking

A brief review of Peter B. Checkland's contribution to systemic thinking is presented in five parts: (i) a thumbnail sketch of his life and works; (ii) to action research; (iii) to interpretive-based systemic theory; (iv) formulation of soft systems methodology; and (v) brief reflections.     

Collaborative Inquiry as a Critical Systemic Approach to Improving Ethics and Governance in the Philippine National Police

Improving ethics and governance in policing is often considered an institutional function that police agencies do as ??expert?? institutions. Participation by other stakeholders may be welcome so long as police are able to control the processes and mechanisms of participation. This paper, based on research done with the Philippine National Police, argues that collaborative inquiry could be an effective critical systemic approach to participation by the wider society in police reform. This could enable both police and non-police stakeholders to work together towards mutual understanding and cooperation as equals towards better policing. This participatory approach is not meant to replace the institutional mechanisms that the police use for their own reform effort, but it is supposed to complement them. The research on which this paper is based was an attempt to design a model for collaborative inquiry at the local municipal level of policing in the Philippines, since the municipality is the lowest operational level for the Philippines?? police service. The results of that study suggest that it is possible to establish such a mechanism and make it work, in effect establishing a Close Knit Knowledge Organisation at the lowest level of operational policing.     

整体系统思维视角下社区物业管理人员素质结构的初步探讨

在整体性思维的视角下,采用文献分析和访谈法研究的方法,探讨社区物业服务企业管理人员的应有的职业素质结构。根据管理科学方法分析研究结果表明,社区物业管理服务企业管理人员的职业素质结构主要包括专业知识、专业品质和运营管理能力三个方面。这个职业素质结构反映了物业管理企业对于管理人员的具体要求,对物业管理人员的选拔和培训、建立和谐社会具有重要的参考价值。     

Science as Systemic Intervention: Some Implications of Systems Thinking and Complexity for the Philosophy of Science

This paper sidesteps the usual starting points for debate about complexity and the philosophy of science, which tend to assume that science is primarily about observation. Instead, the starting point is intervention, defined as purposeful action by an agent to create change. While some authors suggest that intervention and observation are opposites, it is argued here that observation (as undertaken in science) should be viewed as just one type of intervention. We should therefore welcome scientific techniques of observation into a pluralistic set of intervention methods, alongside methods for exploring values, reflecting on subjective understandings, planning future activities, etc. However, there is a need to explicitly counter a possible pernicious interpretation of this argument: intervention could (erroneously) be viewed as flawlessly preplanned change based on accurate predictions of the consequences of action. This is the mechanistic worldview that systems thinking and complexity science seek to challenge. Therefore, having redefined scientific observation as intervention, the paper revisits insights from systems thinking and complexity to propose a methodology of systemic intervention. Some brief reflections are then provided on the wider social implications of this methodology.     

Teaching Systems Theory/Thinking/Behavior: Systemic Behavior Instead of One-Sidedness: Making Bridges Among Specialists

In the current real life, systems theory is an abstract background of systems thinking,which is a part of systemic behavior. The systemic behavior is the alternative to the currently prevailing one-sidedness that puts all of humankind in danger of self-destruction due to the crucial over-sights(all the way to world wars) that unavoidably result from the current over-specialization(along with crucial, but partial insights), if the specialists fail to practice creative interdisciplinary cooperation.This contribution is a next phase of research after the contributions by Matja? Mulej, Zdenka ?enko and Viktor ?akelj(2017) and by Matja? Mulej, et al.(2013). Although the abstract background and thinking that the systemic behavior applies, are very necessary, theory and thinking are no longer enough for systems science to be a relevant science and practice helping humankind find the way out from the current blind alley and survive as a healthy civilization with a healthy social and natural environment. The suggestion in this contribution therefore reads: Let us systems and cybernetics scientists make/enable the transition to systemic behavior, which applies all the many theories, which are components in the background of systemic behavior in practice, next to each other and/or in synergy. Analysis, i.e., studying per isolated parts is too overlooking and one-sided to be enough. So is teaching on a single one out of several systems theories. Reality is too complex. Teaching is a part of this necessary effort, which must lead to a global peace and survival of humankind of today instead of the current hating the human descendants.     

Systemic Thinking and Practice Toward Facilitating Inclusive Education: Reflections on a Case of Co-Generated Knowledge and Action in South Africa

This article offers our reflections around a case of facilitating systemic thinking and practice in which the first author of the article (Tlale) interacted with research participants/participant researchers with the intention of strengthening systemic thought and action toward fostering inclusive education in the setting (a rural school in the Eastern Cape in South Africa). We reflect upon the process and also how our engagement was perceived by participants, as expressed in feedback received from them. We point to how Tlale introduced the idea of systemic thinking (to teachers, school management team, school governing body, and a district officer for the district) as tied to the possibility of acting to generate transformation toward a more inclusive educational context for the benefit of the learners at the school in question, thus acting as a systemic mediator on their behalf.     

Ethics in Action Research

Systemic Practice and Action Research -     

高校实施"高层次创造性人才工程"的系统辩证思考

阐述了当前高校实施“高层次创造性人才工程”，必须以系统辩证的思维把握和协调几对关系：规模效益与质量效益的关系、输入与自产生的关系、流动与稳定的关系、物质需要与精神需要的关系、教师队伍建设与管理干部队伍建设的关系。     

系统思维对于独立思考精神的构建

独立思考在于能够超越感性生活的表象世界而对客观规律获得真知,并对于真正"好"生活进行合理构建。独立思考并非脱离客体而抽象存在,而是需要将主观观点通过语言进行"外化"获得客观肯定。运用系统的眼光看待自然界以及人类社会的发展是进行科学研究的必备条件,所以独立思考精神的塑造离不开现代性系统思维方式。     

Systemic Human Relations in Dynamic Equilibrium

This paper reports on a breakthrough in thinking based on 33 years of field practice-based inquiry and previously published studies. It brings together several bodies of established and emerging thought including systems thinking, epistemology, psychology and sociology, in a way of thinking about the living fabric of complex human systems-in-process. It is offered here as a kind of transdisciplinary ‘Rosetta stone’ to those working around the world with one or more of these bodies of thought as a way of making some critical connections between them. In summary, an integrating ‘mental architecture’ is proposed whereby inquiry (research as an evaluative dynamic act of seeking) may be seen as the way by which living (notably human) systems come alive, and which is incorporated, organ-ised, ‘structured’ and relationally embodied in an individual and their psychological mind as personal process, and in social collectivities and their sociological organisation as cultural process.

Interlevel Dynamics in Systemic Action Research

Levels of analysis are commonly used as frameworks for researching, understanding, and intervening in organizational systems. Levels of analysis typically refer to the identification of issues at units of complexity, such as the individual, the group, the intergroup, and the organization. The construct of levels of analysis is traditionally an important dimension of action research. This article reviews the traditional use of levels of analysis as the focus of action research and extends the notion to levels of aggregation or interlevel dynamics. It illustrates how interlevel dynamics are important both as the focus of action research and to the action research process itself.