阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液合成与性能

以聚醚(N-220)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为主要原料合成了阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液,采用红外光谱测试乳液胶膜,讨论了预聚物的R比值、N-甲基二乙醇胺用量以及中和度等反应条件对产品性能的影响。结果表明,当R比值为2.9、N-甲基二乙醇胺用量为6.0%、中和度为85%~100%时,合成的阳离子水性聚氨酯具有较佳的稳定性,其涂膜具有较好的机械性能和耐水性。     

DCPD改性UV固化水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的合成

以二聚戊二烯(DCPD)为原料先合成不饱和聚酯二元醇,与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)合成紫外光固化树脂,用三乙胺中和得到稳定的DCPD改性UV固化水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(WDUPUA)乳液,同时采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对WDUPUA的结构进行表征。采用单因素变量法探讨了反应温度和反应时间、阻聚剂、n(—NCO)/n(—OH)、DMPA含量和中和剂对合成反应及乳液性能的影响。结果表明:合成过程中第1步反应温度和时间分别为60℃、2.5 h,第2步分别为75℃、4 h,第三步分别为75℃、3 h,阻聚剂用量为0.07%;当n(—NCO)/n(—OH)为1.5、DMPA质量分数为6%、中和度为100%时,为DCPD改性UV固化水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的适宜合成工艺条件。     

一种阳离子水性聚氨酯的合成及其性能分析

以混合二异氰酸酯和聚醚二元醇为单体、N-甲基二乙醇胺为亲水扩链剂,合成了一种阳离子型水性聚氨酯.其固含量可达46.70%,合成的乳液具有二元分散粒径分布,其成膜的吸水性仅为3.665%,断裂伸长率高达1 512.88%,TG分析表明该膜在250 ℃开始降解,在460 ℃已完全失重.结果表明所合成的水性聚氨酯固含量较高,同时具有良好的力学性能和综合性能。     

水性聚氨酯类湿摩擦牢度提升剂的合成与应用研究

以聚醚多元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、N-甲基二乙醇胺、二乙烯三胺为主要原料,合成了水性聚氨酯湿摩擦牢度提升剂,并对其合成条件影响因素进行了探讨.实验结果表明:合成水性聚氨酯提升剂的最佳的预聚反应温度为75℃,R值(-NCO/-OH的物质的量比)为2.5,亲水性扩链剂的用量为3.92％.用此提升剂对染色棉布进行耐湿摩擦牢度测试,得出了最佳的整理工艺,结果表明:该提升剂能够有效地提高染色织物的湿摩擦深度.     

水性聚氨酯热防护整理剂的研制及应用研究

在合成聚氨酯的基础上,以二溴新戊二醇与三羟甲基丙烷扩链合成具有阻燃、热防护性能的反应型水性聚氨酯.通过红外光谱、DSC、TG及扫描电镜等表征水性聚氨酯,并通过涂层整理与浸轧整理的性质测试以确定最佳合成工艺.最后确定以聚丙二醇与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯进行预聚反应,预聚温度80℃,选择80℃为扩连温度,R值选择1.2,DMPA含量5%左右,TMP反应温度为70℃,中和度120%合成水性聚氨酯热防护整理剂.该条件下合成产物阻燃和热防护性能效果最佳.     

新型改性水性聚苯胺-环氧树脂涂料的制备

通过化学结构改性法分别在环氧树脂E-44的一端引入双键,另一端引入羟基,用不饱和有机酸中和,得到水性环氧树脂.研究了单体配比、反应温度对反应转化率的影响,确定了水性环氧树脂制备的最佳条件为:n(N-甲基烯丙基胺):n(二乙醇胺):n(E-44)=1.00:1.05:1.00;反应温度60℃;反应时间 4 h.同时研究了水性环氧树脂及固化剂不同配比对涂层性能的影响,确定了水性环氧树脂乳液和固化剂的最佳质量比为2:1.     

咪唑封端型水性聚氨酯固化剂的合成及其应用

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为起始原料,经过加成反应,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)扩链,三乙胺(TEA)中和成盐及2-甲基咪唑(2-MI)封端等4步反应后,制得一种可在室温解封的水性聚氨酯固化剂。2-甲基咪唑封闭反应的较好条件为:2-MI与-NCO摩尔比为1.1~1.2;反应温度为60℃;反应时间2 h。实验结果表明,咪唑封闭型水性聚氨酯固化剂可明显降低异氰酸酯与水的副反应速度,凝胶时间由5 min增加到5.5 h。羟基水性树脂中加入5%咪唑封闭型水性聚氨酯固化剂后,成膜物的耐水性和力学性能均有明显改善。     

紫外光固化松节油聚氨酯丙烯酸酯的合成

为降低聚氨酯涂料的生产成本,提高市场竞争力,采用松节油聚酯二元醇(TP)、甲苯二异腈酸酯(TDI)、丙烯酸羟丙酯(HPA)合成了可紫外光(UV)固化的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯(PUA).研究反应温度、摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量对产物合成的影响,并用红外光谱对产品进行表征,考察紫外光固化涂料固化涂膜的铅笔硬度、附着力、耐冲击性、耐候性等性能.结果表明,适宜的工艺条件:原料配比为n(HPA):n(TDI):n(TP)=1.2:1:0.5;第1步反应温度30～35℃,反应时间2.5～3 h,催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBL)的用量为物料总质量的0.8%,第2步反应温度65～70℃,反应时间2.5～3 h,DBL的用量为物料总质量的0.6%.制得的松节油聚氨酯丙烯酸酯固化涂膜性能良好,能够达到使用要求.     

1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶醇的合成

以四甲基哌啶醇为原料采用环已烷萃取法合成五甲基哌啶醇,研究了温度、甲醛用量及反应时间对反应收率的影响.最佳反应条件是:温度98℃,反应时间2 h,n(四甲基哌啶醇):n(甲醛)=1:3.0.反应收率达99.19%.     

磷钨酸/活性炭催化合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素

7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素是一种重要的医药化工中间体.笔者研究了活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的反应,考察了反应的各种影响因素,通过单因素实验得到合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素的最佳工艺条件：n(间苯二酚) ：n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)=1∶1;反应温度为100 ℃;反应时间为3 h;磷钨酸/活性碳的负载比为22.3%,用量为0.15 g;收率达74.3%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.