Participatory Sustainability Impact Assessment: Scientific Policy Advice as a Social Learning Process

This paper deals with the development of scientific policy advice by providing a methodology to foster a social learning process. The methodology, called participatory Sustainability Impact Assessment (pSIA), aims to structure complex problem situations, to clarify interests and basic assumptions, to interpret scientific studies, to develop impact assessment, and to explore sensitivity of uncertainty and lack of information. In pSIA workshops the participants are supposed to build conceptual models with different modelling methods, like System Dynamics, Value Chain Analysis, and Morphological Analysis. A case study is presented that describes a workshop series with political as well as academic actors, applying the pSIA approach to an impact assessment of Economic Partnership Agreements between the European Union and the Eastern and Southern Africa Region.

关于社会物理学的意义及其方法讨论

从历史起源、近代发展、当前状态等方面简要地讨论了社会物理学的意义和作用,并从物理学、社会学和哲学的角度进行了阐述.重点是根据 Popper关于现实的三个世界模型,特别是作为世界3的人工世界,对社会物理学进行重新认识,试图理清三个世界与社会物理、社会心理、社会计算和人工社会、计算实验、平行系统之间的内在联系.还探讨了力学和控制中的一点概念和方法在社会物理学中的应用问题.     

An Interpretive-Systemic Framework for the Study of Community Organizations

This paper presents a conceptual framework for the systemic study of community organizations (COs) in contemporary societies. This framework is made up of two ideal-type models of COs. These models are structured around the notions of rights, social interaction, and the State. The first ideal-type model is based on a liberal conception of society, and the second model is grounded on communicative ethics as developed by Habermas for contemporary deliberative democracy. The relevance and limitations of such interpretive framework are discussed when a brief exploration on the social meaning of COs in Venezuela unveils grounds for further questioning about the role of COs in contemporary society.     

Intersections of Critical Systems Thinking and Community Based Participatory Research: A Learning Organization Example with the Autistic Community

Critical systems thinking (CST) and community based participatory research (CBPR) are distinct approaches to inquiry which share a primary commitment to holism and human emancipation, as well as common grounding in critical theory and emancipatory and pragmatic philosophy. This paper explores their intersections and complements on a historical, philosophical, and theoretical level, and then proposes a hybrid approach achieved by applying CBPR’s principles and considerations for operationalizing emancipatory practice to traditional systems thinking frameworks and practices. This hybrid approach is illustrated in practice with examples drawn from of the implementation of the learning organization model in an action research setting with the Autistic community. Our experience of being able to actively attend to, and continuously equalize, power relations within an organizational framework that otherwise has great potential for reinforcing power inequity suggests CBPR’s principles and considerations for operationalizing emancipatory practice could be useful in CST settings, and CST’s vocabulary, methods, and clarity around systems thinking concepts could be valuable to CBPR practitioners.     

Enriching Service Learning by its Diversity: Combining University Service Learning and Corporate Social Responsibility to Help the NGOs Adapt Technology to Their Needs

Community-based service learning helps students link subject matter to everyday life and developing sense of responsibility to their community. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model. Both promote civic engagement but the two hardly come across each other. We explore the process that enriched service learning with its diversity by combining CSR practices of a multinational software company. It begins by exploring different forms of action research with a focus on action engagement to improve students’ involvement in marginalized communities. The article provides field-based reflections of the sustained engagement and suggests ways in which service learning experiences may create rooms for innovation and growth in the non-profit sector, local communities, businesses, and students themselves.     

区间数排序方法研究综述

研究区间数排序方法问题。有关区间数的研究近年来受到了人们的关注，其理论方法应用的研究已获得了一些成果。介绍区间数的定义和二元运算关系，简要评述区间数排序方法。     

Governing a Collective Bad: Social Learning in the Management of Crop Diseases

Systemic Practice and Action Research - There has been strong research interest in designing and testing learning approaches for enhancing and sustaining the capacity of communities to manage...     

城市外围停车换乘设施换乘效率公众评价的结构方程模型

在停车换乘设施评价中引入公众参与，增强评价的客观性，最大程度地体现社会公平，从而使得决策更为有效。本文从公众评价的角度，在城市外围小汽车出行者停车换乘出行特点和换乘设施服务水平分析的基础上，建立了小汽车出行者对城市外围停车换乘设施换乘效率评价的结构方程模型，并对模型的识别、拟合、修正和应用进行了阐述。     

Systemic Evaluation Methodology: The Emergence of Social Learning From Environmental ICT Prototypes

This paper investigates why and how systems approaches can help in evaluating the design of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as social learning platforms. It focuses on the prototypes created by the research project Virtualis, whose objective is to promote social learning on environmental concepts and practices amongst a variety of stakeholders. The paper presents the principles of systems thinking and practice that did help in formulating such evaluation processes. It illustrates how both a peer systemic evaluation process (within the research team) and a participatory evaluation process (involving potential future users of the ICTs) were carried out.     

模糊判断矩阵排序方法研究的综述

有关模糊判断矩阵的研究近年来受到人们的关注,其理论与方法的研究已获得一些成果。首先对模糊判断矩阵及其安全一致性等概念进行了介绍,然后简要地概括和评述了模糊判断矩阵的排序方法,最后给出了计算实例说明。     

基于技术转让的企业集聚形成条件:一个理论模型

建立了在垄断竞争、报酬递增及贸易成本条件下有关技术转让的理论模型，通过模型的推导和分析，我们发现，技术的转让也可能促成企业集聚的形成，而技术转让又与贸易成本、技术报酬、市场规模等因素有关．其中贸易成本是关键因素．在不同的贸易成本水平下，技术报酬、市场规模等因素对技术转让．进而对企业集聚影响的重要性是不同的。模型通过引入贸易成本融化系数、文化“距离”的概念，进一步分析了地区间文化、习俗上的差异对技术转让及企业集聚的影响。     

从人工生命到人工社会--复杂社会系统研究的现状和展望

介绍了人工社会研究工作的内容、方法及其思想基础，并对其应用和未来趋势进行展望。文中简述了社会学研究的历史阶段、主要问题和困难，人工生命和人工社会方法的有效性，并着重描述了Epstein和Axtell的工作，以及相应的涌现方法在复杂社会系统研究中的中心作用。本文还讨论了目前对人工社会方法的各种批判意见及其回应。     

社会网络声望模型的分析与改进

在社会网络分析中，声望模型具有非常重要的地位，本文对目前普遍流行的声望模型进行了分析，不仅指出其本身存在理论缺陷，而且指出其普适性也不是很好。同时。本文利用最小成本原理，考虑了信息衰减、随机因素和多强度三方面因素，得到了新的声望模型，且对新声望模型和原声望模型就具体实例进行了比较，结论表明本文提出的模型决策意义明确、普适性好、可信性强。     

高炉专家系统知识的类比学习

知识获取是专家系统建造过程中最重要的环节之一,本文根据高炉炉况知识的特点,实现了知识的类比学习,并介绍了其具体实现方法     

基于约束聚类的一种概念学习方法

首先定义了字符属性例子空间中合取规则的可学习性，通过将正例集合划分为多个子集，其中每个子集在全体反例集合上均是合取规则可学习的，并建立了命题规则的一般学习模型．然后，提出了三种正例集合的自动聚类和划分方法：相似性度量、差异度量和规则长度等，并设计了一种快速的合取规则学习方法．同时，基于最小覆盖率和最小错误率给出了一种克服过学习问题的后处理方法．最后，针对一组典型的学习问题进行了实验计算，并与已有算法进行了对比分析。     

Ontology_CVGE:本体支持下的协同虚拟地理环境框架

为地理问题的群体协同决策提供可视化环境是协同虚拟地理环境的基本目标.协同决策是一个领域知识驱动的过程,而本体是目前用于领域知识表达与相关概念描述的重要工具.因此,在分析知识表达在协同虚拟地理环境中所具有的重要意义基础上,提出协同虚拟地理环境中群体决策的迭代过程模型,并以森林灭火决策为例,构建支撑协同虚拟地理环境的本体知识库.最后,综合上述研究成果设计了本体支持下的协同虚拟地理环境框架-Ontology_CVGE.     

基于多传感器数据融合的机动目标跟踪自适应学习方法

考虑到传感器对目标的观测都存在有偏差，同时针对雷达系统检测中存在漏检的现象，提出了一种适用于处理传感器漏检现象的多传感器融合方法。并以雷达／红外成像复合的双模制导体系下红外和雷达两种传感器对目标状态的检测和跟踪为例，给出一个完整的多传感器数据融合和目标跟踪自适应方法。该方法简单易行，鲁棒性强，通过对红外成像和雷达系统的数据融合和目标跟踪的数字仿真，表明该方法有效。另外，该方法同样适用于多于两个多传感器系统。     

A Measure of Learning Model Complexity by VC Dimension

1　IntroductionMeasure of model complexity is important for understanding how difficult a modelingproblem is and for optimizing model performance.Modeling,in all its varied forms,is theprocess of logical induction. A key question regarding induction can be stated as:whatmust one know a priori about an unknown functional dependency in order to estimate itonthe basis of observations?[1 ] . In the fields of engineering and computer science,thisquestion is known as the learning problem. Recently,…     

基于控制分配的过驱动系统稳定性设计方法综述

过驱动系统是一类控制输入数多于输出数的系统,冗余控制为控制器的设计提供更大自由度的同时也提出挑战。控制分配是处理冗余控制的一种常用方法,同时对驱动器故障具有一定的容错能力。但是控制分配可能会导致系统不稳定,所以设计控制器时必须考虑这种不稳定因素的影响。基于控制分配的稳定性设计方法正是针对这种情况而提出。根据不同原理,这些方法可以概括为零动态方法,优化方法,内动态方法,滑模方法,模型预测方法和智能方法等。概括了这些方法的基本思路,并指出其不足之处,进一步提出新的研究方向。     

多重均衡的选择:一个基于拟线性偏好的社会惯例演化模型

惯例是一个协调博弈中多重均衡的一种精炼,是经过长期演化形成的一种稳定均衡。在博弈论框架下,对惯例的定义和内涵进行了梳理和阐释,从多重均衡的选择原则出发,对惯例的演化和变迁机制进行了探讨,认为决定惯例演化和变迁起源的原始动力可能就是社会成员最初具有的某种凸显性信念,这种信念是由人类的生物性本能和社会性共同决定的。在此基础上,通过对博弈参与者行为的合理假设,基于拟线性效用函数构建了一个社会惯例演化模型,刻画了多重均衡的选择与惯例演化之间的关系,对惯例的演化和变迁提供一个合乎逻辑的解释。