典型城市排污河不同介质中重金属的含量及分布特征

以天津的南、北排污河为例,利用ICP-MS分析技术,分析了城市排污河水体、悬浮物及沉积物中Cu,C r,Pb,Zn等13种重金属的含量及分布特征.研究结果表明,不同重金属元素的含量差别极大,最多可相差10个数量级,各重金属元素在不同采样点的浓度变化也较大.各介质中Zn、Cu、C r、Pb、N i和Mo等几种元素的浓度都占到各采样点重金属总浓度的80%以上.在排污河水体中各重金属元素的溶解态约占6%(B i)—61%(Mo),Zn、Cu、C r和Pb等的溶解态仅占13%—30%,它们主要以吸附态存在,主要归宿是沉积物相.而排污河悬浮物中重金属浓度为沉积物中浓度的1.3—11.2倍,这可能是由于采样点1、13、17、19、20和23等的悬浮物浓度高出沉积物中浓度10.9-55.7倍所造成的,说明近期这些排污口接纳了富含某些重金属的污水.排污河水、悬浮物、沉积物和土壤中重金属元素组成和分布模式的相似性表明其污染来源的一致性.北排污河主要接纳工业污水,其重金属污染程度远高于以接纳大量生活污水为主的南排污河,尤其是C r和Pb的浓度超出V类水质标准.     

金矿排污渠周围土壤中Mn,Cu,Zn和Pb四种重金属的污染分析

以潼关县某金矿排水沟附近土壤为研究对象,对土壤中Mn,Cu,Zn和Pb四种重金属含量进行分析,为金矿周围土壤污染治理及人工生态修复提供依据.实验结果表明:Pb含量在研究区内累积严重,Cu次之,而Mn累积较轻;四种重金属在第四样区内的含量变化均最大,变异系数均最高;四种重金属在35个样点的分布特征中,Mn,Cu,Zn和Pb在样区内含量变化规律相似,可能存在相同或相近污染源.     

用富集因子法评价我国城市土壤风沙尘元素的污染

用富集因子法分析土壤风沙尘17个元素的富集(污染)状况.结果表明,C a、C r、Co、N i、Cu、Zn、B r、Pb是广泛富集的元素;地区间元素污染级别差异显著;相对于不同参比元素(A l、F e、T i)的富集因子明显不同.     

兰州市西固区土壤重金属污染及空间分布特征

通过对兰州市西固区表层土壤（0-10 cm）320个土壤样品中Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、N i、Pb、Zn、As、Hg和Cd等10种重金属元素总量的测定,确定了土壤中主要重金属污染物种类及其污染程度,采用G IS技术绘制了研究区土壤中10种重金属元素的空间分布特征图。     

黄河三角洲农田土壤-作物系统重金属污染风险评估

重金属严重影响着农业用地土壤环境质量以及农产品安全,已引起国内外广泛关注. 本研究以我国重要的粮 食产区黄河三角洲典型农田为对象,评估了农田土壤-作物系统中重金属的污染风险. 研究结果表明,黄河三角洲农田 土壤中重金属 Cr、Cu和 Pb的质量分数具有显著性差异(P<0.05), Cr的质量分数(47.20mg·kg-1)最高, Cu(26.00 mg·kg-1)次之,而 Pb(13.90mg·kg-1)最低,各重金属分布存在中等的空间异质性. 根据单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合 污染指数,黄河三角洲农田土壤总体上处于清洁水平,重金属污染风险较低,但不同作物区具有显著性差异(P<0.05). 小麦田和水稻田土壤 Cr、Cu的质量分数显著高于藕池和玉米田,小麦田和水稻田土壤 Pb的质量分数与藕池差异不显 著,但显著高于玉米田.3种重金属元素在各主要农作物的地上部分均呈现一定程度的富集,且 Cu的富集程度最高,Pb 的富集程度最低;不同作物对重金属元素的富集程度不同,对 Cr的富集程度由高到低呈现为玉米、藕叶、水稻、小麦,对 Cu的富集程度由高到低呈现为玉米、水稻、藕叶、小麦,而对 Pb的富集程度由高到低呈现为水稻、玉米、小麦、藕叶.      

不同收获期海州香薷铜吸收的动态变化规律

随着不同处理中Cu质量分数的提高,海州香薷植物体内Cu质量分数呈现2个斜率递增的阶段,海州香薷植株内Cu质量分数对外界Cu质量分数的响应曲线以0.02%为转折点,当Cu质量分数大于0.02%时曲线斜率显著增加.在开花初期,Cu400处理污染土壤中Cu清除量达到最大值27.2 mg/pot,其污染土壤重金属去除率仅为4.95%.而盛花期,各处理污染土壤中海州香薷植物内重金属含量均明显高于开花初期,Cu400处理污染土壤中Cu清除量达到最大值143 mg/pot,其污染土壤重金属去除率达26.0%,与开花初期差异显著(P&lt;0.05).     

不同收获期海州香薷铜吸收的动态变化规律

随着不同处理中Cu质量分数的提高,海州香薷植物体内Cu质量分数呈现2个斜率递增的阶段,海州香薷植株内Cu质量分数对外界Cu质量分数的响应曲线以0.02%为转折点,当Cu质量分数大于0.02%时曲线斜率显著增加。在开花初期,Cu400处理污染土壤中Cu清除量达到最大值27.2 mg/pot,其污染土壤重金属去除率仅为4.95%。而盛花期,各处理污染土壤中海州香薷植物内重金属含量均明显高于开花初期,Cu400处理污染土壤中Cu清除量达到最大值143 mg/pot,其污染土壤重金属去除率达26.0%,与开花初期差异显著(P<0.05)。     

不同收获期海州香薷铜吸收的动态变化规律

随着不同处理中Cu质量分数的提高,海州香薷植物体内Cu质量分数呈现2个斜率递增的阶段,海州香薷植株内Cu质量分数对外界Cu质量分数的响应曲线以0.02%为转折点,当Cu质量分数大于0.02%时曲线斜率显著增加.在开花初期,Cu400处理污染土壤中Cu清除量达到最大值27.2 mg/pot,其污染土壤重金属去除率仅为4.95%.而盛花期,各处理污染土壤中海州香薷植物内重金属含量均明显高于开花初期,Cu400处理污染土壤中Cu清除量达到最大值143 mg/pot,其污染土壤重金属去除率达26.0%,与开花初期差异显著(P<0.05).     

贵阳市表层土壤重金属污染元素之间的相关分析

主要介绍贵州省贵阳市0~20 cm表层土壤中我国《土壤环境质量标准》中规定含量的8种重金属环境污染元素(汞、镉、铅、铬、砷、锌、铜、镍)含量之间的相关性分析。本文得出达到极相关显著水平(P<0.01)的元素对有:As—Pb、Cd—Cr、N i—Cd、Cu—Cr、Cr—N i、Cr—Zn、Cu—N i、Cu—Pb、Cu—Zn、N i—Zn、Pb—Zn,达到相关显著水平(P<0.05)的元素对有:As—Zn、Cd—Hg、Cd—Zn、Pb—N i。并对相关原因作简单分析。     

不同收获期海州香薷铜吸收的动态变化规律

随着不同处理中Cu质量分数的提高,海州香薷植物体内Cu质量分数呈现2个斜率递增的阶段。海州香薷植株内Cu质量分数对外界Cu质量分数的响应曲线以0.02％为转折点,当Cu质量分数大于0．02％时曲线斜率显著增加。在开花初期,Cu400处理污染土壤中Cu清除量达到最大值27．2mg／pot,其污染土壤重金属去除率仅为4．95％。而盛花期,各处理污染土壤中海州香薷植物内重金属含量均明显高于开花初期,Cu400处理污染土壤中Cu清除量达到最大值143mg／pot,其污染土壤重金属去除率达26．0％,与开花初期差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the