膨润土加砂混合物非饱和三轴试验研究

采用GDS三轴仪试验系统对膨润土加砂混合物进行了饱和与非饱和状态下三轴固结排水剪切试验研究.试验结果表明非饱和状态下膨润土加砂混合物的应力应变关系曲线与饱和状态下混合物的应力应变关系曲线具有相似的形态,均为硬化型.随着基质吸力或净围压力的增加,最大偏应力均增大.试样发生鼓状破坏,并且无明显破坏带.非饱和状态下膨润土加砂...     

非饱和土力学行为的三维离散元分析

基于离散单元法颗粒流理论,土体颗粒单元间采用Hill接触模型来考虑非饱和土中吸力的作用,建立了非饱和土的颗粒流模型。根据室内试验结果对模型细观参数进行标定,开展了固结排水三轴剪切试验离散元数值模拟,揭示了在不同围压和吸力下,模型试样的应力-应变关系与强度特性等宏观力学性质以及细观信息平均配位数的变化规律。根据不同吸力下的莫尔-库伦破坏包线,建立了吸力与抗剪强度参数之间的关系。此外,通过标定室内试验结果中不同含水率下的应力-应变曲线,建立了Hill模型中吸力与含水率的关系。研究结果表明：Hill接触模型可以较好的模拟非饱和土的力学行为,可为非饱和土的离散元模拟提供参考。     

原状黄土的剪应变速率效应及数值模拟

为探究不同剪应变速率下非饱和原状黄土的变形性状与强度特性,利用南京土壤仪器SLB-1型三轴剪切渗透试验仪器,通过不同围压、不同剪应变速率条件下的室内三轴UU试验,对非饱和原状黄土在不同初始应力状态的剪应变速率效应进行分析,并结合PLAXIS 3D数值模拟研究,以期为数值模拟室内试验提供参考从而节约时间和成本。研究结果表明:非饱和原状黄土偏应力随应变的增加前期迅速增加,随后增加缓慢,呈现出应变硬化型,硬化程度随着围压的增大而增大,模拟结果的硬化程度小于试验结果的硬化程度。在试验范围内,原状黄土偏应力-应变曲线随着剪应变速率的增加不断上移,破坏强度随剪应变速率的增加而增大,模拟结果中剪应变速率对破坏强度的影响范围小于试验结果。     

基质吸力对原状非饱和黄土强度与变形特性的影响

为研究基质吸力和净围压对原状非饱和黄土的变形、强度特性的影响,采用非饱和土三轴仪对延安新区的原状Q_3黄土及原状Q_2黄土做了2组共18个三轴固结排水剪切试验.研究结果表明:基质吸力和净围压均对试样的强度及变形特性有显著影响;原状Q_3黄土的偏应力-应变曲线随净围压的增大从理想弹塑性演变为硬化型,且试样在试验过程中一直处于剪缩状态;原状Q_2黄土的偏应力-应变曲线表现为软化型,吸力、净围压较小的试样,体变由剪缩逐渐变为剪胀;原状Q_2黄土的结构性比原状Q_3黄土更为显著;基质吸力对非饱和黄土的强度特性、起始杨氏模量有显著的影响;表观黏聚力c及参数k均随着吸力的增加而增大,而吸力对有效内摩擦角φ′及参数n的影响并不显著;提出考虑吸力和净围压影响的原状非饱和Q_3、Q_2黄土的切线杨氏模量的修正计算公式.     

非饱和粗、细颗粒混合土在动荷载作用下的细观力学响应

为了研究非饱和粗、细颗粒混合土在动荷载作用下的细观力学性质,进行了非饱和粗、细颗粒混合土动三轴的离散元数值分析。根据室内动三轴试验结果标定PFC2D接触模型参数,进行非饱和粗、细颗粒混合土动三轴离散元模拟,分析其细观力学机理。结果表明:离散元模拟结果与室内试验结果曲线拟合度基本一致,能较好地反映非饱和粗、细颗粒混合土在动荷载作用下力学特征。相同含水率条件下,粗、细颗粒混合土的累积动应变随动应力幅值的增加而增大;随围压的增加先小幅度增大后再大幅度减小。孔隙度随动应力幅值的增大而减小;随围压的增大也减小。试样颗粒在剪切过程中,上下端运动速度最大,整体呈现对称递减状,中部运动速度最小。     

吸力控制下非饱和土的动力特性

以非饱和粉砂为研究材料,利用非饱和土动三轴仪,在3种不同净应力和5种不同基质吸力的工况下,对试样进行循环荷载下的动三轴试验,得出了非饱和粉砂的动弹性模量与阻尼比,并讨论了它们随着动应变、净应力、基质吸力的变化规律:1)在净应力和基质吸力一定的情况下,动弹性模量随着动应变的增大而减小,阻尼比随着动应变的增大而增大;2)在净应力和动应变一定的情况下,动弹性模量随着基质吸力的增大而增大,阻尼比随着基质吸力的增大而减小;3)在基质吸力和动应变一定的情况下,动弹性模量随着净应力的增大而增大,阻尼比随着净应力的增大而减小.     

吸力控制下非饱和粉土的动力变形特性

利用美国GCTS公司生产的吸力可控USTX-2000全自动非饱和土/饱和土动三轴仪, 在控制吸力条件下对非饱和粉土的动力变形特性进行试验研究. 开展循环荷载下的动力变形试验, 得到了非饱和粉土试样的动应力应变骨架曲线、动弹性模量和阻尼比. 试验结果表明: 在动荷载作用下, 吸力控制下的非饱和粉土动应力应变关系骨架曲线呈双曲线形, 且吸力越大, 骨架曲线越高; 非饱和粉土的动弹性模量随吸力的增大而增大, 但没有净围压增大效果显著; 非饱和粉土的阻尼比随吸力的增大而减小, 但减小幅度没有净围压增大那样显著; 非饱和粉土的动应力应变关系骨架曲线、动弹性模量以及阻尼比随吸力的变化规律可用非饱和土的平均骨架应力值的变化解释.     

基于柔性边界的非饱和土三轴试验及离散元分析

非饱和土三轴试验的离散元模拟,对于从细观角度揭示其力学特性至关重要,但目前研究多采用刚性边界条件.使用黏结球颗粒代替橡胶膜,实现围压柔性加载.在此基础上,提出非饱和土三轴数值试验模拟流程,并进行不同围压下的三轴数值试验.从宏观破坏形态和细观剪切带、配位数、接触力等方面研究不同围压下非饱和土的力学特征.结果表明：非饱和土力学特性受围压影响较大,峰值应力和弹性模量随围压增大而增大,围压越大,剪胀性越小;试样主要表现为鼓胀破坏,破坏后剪切带在形态上呈对称的“X”形,剪切带的形成开始于颗粒的转动,到达峰值应力时,内部转动颗粒发生贯通,剪切带基本成型,围压越大,剪切带上转动颗粒数目和转动角度越小;配位数先增加后减少,与体应变变化趋势一致,且随围压增大而增大;剪切使法向接触力概率密度函数峰值左移,并且使法向接触力不均匀性增大,围压越大,法向接触力分布越均匀.该研究成果可为从细观认识非饱和土的力学行为提供途径.     

不同水泥掺量下非饱和固化淤泥力学特性试验研究

为明晰非饱和固化淤泥的强度特性,通过不同基质吸力、净围压下的三轴固结排水试验、无侧限抗压强度试验,探讨了水泥掺量、基质吸力和净围压对非饱和固化淤泥强度特性的影响.试验结果表明:固化淤泥的土-水特征曲线在基质吸力小于进气值时饱和度变化并不明显,而基质吸力大于进气值时,随着基质吸力的增大,固化淤泥的饱和度降低,低水泥掺量固化淤泥的土-水特征曲线位于高水泥掺量固化淤泥土-水特征曲线的下方;水泥掺量100 kg/m³固化淤泥的应力-应变曲线表现为应变硬化,剪切时表现为体缩,而水泥掺量200、300 kg/m³固化淤泥的应力-应变曲线均表现为应变软化,水泥掺量越高、净围压越小,应变软化趋势越明显.非饱和固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度与水泥掺量和基质吸力有关,水泥掺量越高、基质吸力越大,无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度越大.不同水泥掺量和基质吸力条件下抗剪强度和无侧限抗压强度之间存在良好的线性关系.     

黄河冲积粉土的吸力和强度特性关系

采用GDS非饱和三轴仪对黄河冲积粉土击实土样进行同时控制净室压力和吸力的三轴剪切试验,研究了吸力和土样强度之间的关系.试验结果表明,非饱和与饱和土样均呈现出应变硬化的双曲线形应力-应变关系;非饱和状态下土样的内摩擦角近似等于饱水状态下的有效内摩擦角,同时总黏聚力随吸力增加而线性增大;随着吸力的增大,土样的强度提高,说明吸力对土体具有强化作用;土样临界状态线的斜率是一个与吸力无关的常数,临界状态线在q轴上的截距μ反映了吸力对强度的贡献,对该击实粉土,μ和s呈线性关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with