饱和黏土的一维热固结特性试验研究

通过室内试验,研究了饱和黏土在不同温度作用下的固结效应.结果表明:温度对土颗粒的膨胀作用和孔隙比的收缩作用影响较小;高温作用下发生的热膨胀在一定程度上阻碍了变形的发生,高温条件下压缩指数较低温条件下有减小的趋势.但渗透性的增强使得该现象逐渐减弱.随着温度的升高,先期固结应力均随之减小.通过反分析得到了两种黏土的材料参数γ.材料参数γ越大,相同温度下的归一化先期固结应力越小.温度越高,水溶液的黏度越低,越容易被排出,其渗透系数越大,超静孔隙水压的消散越快,所以超静孔隙水压随着温度的升高而减小.渗透系数随着孔隙比的升高而升高.粒径较大试样的渗透系数大于粒径较小试样的渗透系数.     

饱和孔隙-裂隙黏土双层地基的一维固结分析

为研究双孔结构饱和黏土双层地基的一维固结特性,在一维完全侧限条件下根据混合物理论建立了饱和孔隙-裂隙介质的固结控制方程.采用Fortran语言编制了饱和孔隙-裂隙黏土一维固结的有限元程序,利用单层地基研究成果验证本文模型和程序的正确性.运用有限元程序分析压缩模量、渗透系数及土层厚度等因素对饱和孔隙-裂隙黏土双层地基固结...     

非等温条件下土体固结变形及溶质运移规律分析

为探究非等温条件下黏土垫层固结变形及溶质运移规律,将综合考虑力学固结、化学-渗透固结及热固结影响的热-水-力-化(THMC)全耦合模型与水-力-化(HMC)耦合模型进行对比分析,研究了温度差对孔隙水压力、土体变形及溶质运移进程的影响.结果 表明,垫层上下边界温度差可加快负孔隙水压力消散,增大土体沉降峰值及回弹量,提高溶质运移速率.随着黏土垫层上下边界温度差的增加,温度差对孔隙水压力、土体变形及溶质运移进程的影响程度进一步加大.当模拟时间为50 a,温度差为40℃时,与HMC模型相比,THMC模型所对应的负孔隙水压力峰值减小42％,土体沉降回弹量扩大5.4倍,溶质击穿时间缩短11.4 a.该研究可为填埋场防渗垫层设计及服役性能评估提供参考.     

不同压力下的黏土渗流性状试验研究

在诸如固结、沉降、降水等涉及渗透系数的岩土工程计算中,土层的渗透系数通常由渗透试验或现场抽水试验获得;并被视为常量。实际上渗透系数会随着外界条件的改变而发生变化,尤其是低渗土体。现利用研制的试验设备,对弱透水性的黏土进行渗透试验。试验结果表明:低固结压力下土体的渗透系数随水压呈"S"型曲线变化;且变化幅度较大。高固结压力下低渗土体的渗透系数随水压基本呈线性变化,且变化幅度较小。另外,水压对低渗土体的孔压传递规律也有影响,低水压作用下的土体孔压传递呈非线性变化,而高水压作用下呈线性变化。     

能源桩热-力学特性模型试验与数值模拟

能源桩是集地源热泵与建筑桩基于一体的建筑节能技术,具有经济、环保和节省地下空间资源等优点,因热-力耦合作用导致其承载性状不同于普通工程桩。基于室内模型试验和数值模拟研究,针对多次温度循环下饱和黏土地基中能源桩热-力响应展开研究,分析了桩周温度场、桩土沉降、桩侧摩阻力的变化,结果表明：升温时桩身温度沿深度逐渐减小,土体温度沿径向逐渐降低;降温所引起的桩顶沉降量大于升温的膨胀量,多次温度循环导致桩顶产生不可逆的累积沉降,其累积变形可能会对上部结构的安全造成影响。桩周土由于土体的热固结也发生不同程度的沉降,距离桩身越近沉降越大,且土体沉降速率随循环次数的增加呈逐渐减小趋势,三次循环后B₄点沉降达到1.42%D(D为桩直径);温度荷载所引起的侧摩阻力随温度的升高和循环次数的增加而逐渐增大;升温时桩体上部产生负的侧摩阻力,下部产生正的侧摩阻力,降温时恰好相反,工作荷载的作用导致桩身产生负摩阻力的区域逐渐变小,位移零点也逐渐上移。运用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立三维数值模型可较好地模拟热-力耦合作用下能源桩的承载力特性,数值模拟结果与模型试验结果吻合度较高,...     

隧道渗漏诱发的分数阶黏弹性土体固结沉降分析

为研究黏弹性地层盾构隧道衬砌渗漏诱发土体固结沉降问题,采用基于Caputo分数阶导数的Merchant三元件流变模型描述软黏土的流变特性.耦合Terzaghi-Rendulic固结理论,推导出考虑衬砌半渗透边界下黏弹性软土隧道诱发土体中的超孔隙水压力和固结沉降解.通过工程实例对比验证理论解析的准确性,揭示分数阶阶次、衬砌与土体渗透比等参数对土体固结沉降和超孔隙水压的影响规律.结果表明：随时间推移,土体中超孔隙水压在短时间内显著消散,当消散到约初始值的1/8时减幅明显放缓;衬砌与土体渗透比越大,超孔隙水压开始消散的时间越早;随分数阶阶次的增大,超孔隙水压在初期消散得越快,而后期则消散得越慢,固结沉降速率在初期发展得越快,后期发展得越慢.     

饱和土体热-水-力-化全耦合一维溶质运移模型

基于孔隙流体质量守恒、能量守恒和溶质质量守恒,综合考虑力学固结、热固结与化学渗透固结对土体结构的影响,并结合黏土颗粒对溶质吸附、半透膜效应作用及耦合流、耦合扩散效应,建立了单一溶质在饱和土体中运移的热-水-力-化全耦合分析模型,采用COMSOL软件重点模拟了渗滤液环境温度对溶质运移行为的影响.数值结果表明,温度会显著影响溶质浓度随时空的分布,热扩散作用加速溶质运移进程,热渗透与热固结机制对溶质运移具有阻滞作用,模拟时间为50年时黏土垫层上下边界温差70 K比无温差工况溶质运移深度减缓87.6%.所建全耦合模型能够为填埋场防渗隔污屏障优化设计及服役性能评估提供理论参考.     

纯黏土与砂-黏土混合物渗透特性差异及机理分析

根据重塑纯黏土和砂-黏土混合物试样的室内固结试验结果,反演了渗透系数,探讨了纯黏土和砂-黏土混合物的渗透特性差异.试验结果表明:常用于评价纯黏土渗透性状的归一化指标e/eL(孔隙比与液限状态孔隙比的比值)能拓展运用于砂-黏土混合物中,但e/eL与渗透系数之间呈现非线性关系,这显著不同于纯黏土的线性关系,其本质原因在于混合物在压缩过程中形成了砂骨架.骨架形成前,纯黏土和砂-黏土混合物的e/eL与渗透系数的2条关系曲线吻合良好,而在骨架形成后,两者的关系曲线存在明显的差异;引入砂-黏土混合物四相体系,从黏土孔隙比和砂孔隙比的角度阐述了砂骨架的形成机制,且对两者渗透性状的差异性进行了详细的机理解释;最后给出了一种可以预测纯黏土和砂-黏土混合物渗透系数的经验公式.     

黏土固结过程中结合水对粘滞系数影响研究

渗透系数作为土的基本力学指标参数,是孔隙比和粘滞系数的函数,为了研究黏土中结合水对粘滞系数的影响,开展固结试验得到各级压力下的渗透系数与粘滞系数,并由高速离心机分离试验定量测得结合水量。结果表明固结压力增大,孔隙比减小,渗透系数随之减小,由渗透系数计算公式反算出动力粘滞系数,随固结压力增大而线性增大。压力较小时,结合水量变化较小;自由水减少到一定程度变为结合水排出为主。结合水排出会导致结合水膜厚度变薄,粘滞系数随结合水膜厚度减小而线性增大。所以,对于结合水含量较高的黏土,固结压缩过程中存在结合水排出现象,计算渗透系数时需考虑结合水膜变薄导致粘滞系数增大进而对渗透系数产生的影响。     

考虑温度影响的饱和土有效应力原理

热-力耦合是当今岩土工程领域颇为关注的研究课题之一,是涉热岩土工程问题(如能源地下工程、放射性废料处置、输油及热力管道和热法地基处理等)的理论基础。经典土力学中有效应力原理描述了饱和土体在荷载作用下土骨架和孔隙流体之间的压力分布,但针对热-力耦合作用下土骨架及孔隙水之间的压力分布及其变化的研究罕有报道。该文从饱和土体宏观热固结响应出发,结合经典的有效应力原理,分析加热对土骨架和孔隙水的影响,推导考虑温度影响的有效应力和孔隙水压力表达式,建立考虑温度影响的饱和土有效应力原理,探讨不同位移边界和排水边界条件下有效应力和孔隙水压力的分布变化。结果发现:在热-力耦合作用下,土体的总应力、超静孔隙水压力和有效应力均随温度变化而变化;加热引起的温度应力和热孔压随时间变化而变化,影响土体的压缩性和强度,并进一步影响固结压缩过程和压缩量。该研究结果可为热固结理论推导及其他涉热岩土工程问题分析提供技术支撑。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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