In2O3多孔有序薄膜的制备及其对丁酮气敏特性

利用气/液界面自组装法和溶液浸渍转移法制备了单层和双层氧化铟多孔有序气敏薄膜,并对其进行了气敏特性测试,同时利用多物理场耦合进行气敏特性仿真研究.结果表明,制备的气敏薄膜具有规则的孔道结构,孔壁呈现为具有大比表面积的片状结构.基于该气敏材料的气体传感器对丁酮表现出优良的气敏特性,单层In₂O₃多孔有序气体传感器在最佳工作温度350℃的条件下对质量分数为100×10^-6的丁酮的灵敏度为15.37,响应时间仅为4.3s;双层In₂O₃多孔有序气体传感器在最佳工作温度375℃的条件下对质量分数为100×10^-6的丁酮的灵敏度为20.45,响应时间为22.7s.仿真结果与气敏特性测试结果吻合较好.     

PEG/WCl6添加比例对WO3薄膜形貌及气敏特性的影响

以氯化钨(WCl₆)、无水乙醇(C₂H₅OH)和二甲基甲酰胺(C₃H₇NO)为前驱体,以聚乙二醇(PEG-1000)为造孔剂,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法制备WO₃多孔薄膜,考察了PEG与WCl₆添加比例对薄膜形貌结构和气敏特性的影响.结果表明,在PEG与WCl₆添加比例为0.5时可获得形貌均一、孔隙率高、比表面积大的WO₃多孔薄膜.所获WO₃薄膜具有单一的单斜晶系结构,主要由直径为20~60nm的纳米颗粒所构成.气敏特性研究结果表明,WO₃多孔薄膜呈现n型半导体特性,在最佳工作温度100℃时表现出对NO₂良好的气敏性能;WO₃薄膜的成膜机理表明,造孔剂PEG-1000引导无机材料形成高孔隙率和高比表面积的三维多孔薄膜结构,该多孔结构有望作为NO₂气体的潜在气敏材料.     

磁控溅射制备In掺杂ZnO薄膜及NO2气敏特性分析

利用射频磁控溅射技术在玻璃衬底上成功制备了In掺杂的ZnO(ZnO∶In)薄膜。X射线衍射(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)的研究结果显示所制备的ZnO∶In为纤锌矿的多晶薄膜,具有高度C轴择优取向。气敏研究结果表明ZnO∶In薄膜对NO2气体有较强的敏感性,最佳工作温度为273℃,其敏感度与薄膜的厚度和NO2气体的体积分数有关。ZnO∶In薄膜对较高体积分数的NO2气体的灵敏度较高,而薄膜比厚膜的灵敏度高,厚度为90 nm的薄膜在273℃时对体积分数为2×10-5的NO2气体的敏感度高达16,表明ZnO∶In薄膜具有检测较低体积分数NO2的能力。     

基于半导体陶瓷技术的二氧化碳传感器研究

采用硬质酸盐方法制备出纳米BaTiO3粉末,利用半导体陶瓷技术掺杂CeO-AgNO3制造出对CO2气体敏感的功能材料.基于CaCO3和RuO2制作电极,NiCr丝加热.CO2气体传感器当加热到400~450℃时,CO2体积分数为100×10-6~2 000×10-6,传感器的特征阻值由600 kΩ变化到150 kΩ,函数关系呈良好的全对数线性,同时测定了元件的温度特性和湿度特性,提出了此种传感器工作时,为提高传感器测试准确性,应考虑环境温湿度补偿技术.     

Sb~(5+)掺杂TiO_2纳米带的制备及其乙醇气敏性能研究

采用水热法制备纯的及Sb5+掺杂的TiO2纳米带,并用XRD和TEM对样品进行表征。研究结果表明:700℃焙烧的TiO2纳米带依然保持为锐钛矿相;掺杂后TiO2纳米带的形貌基本保持不变,是长5~10μm,宽100~300 nm的纳米带结构。在最佳工作温度下,TiO2纳米带对乙醇气体具有快速的响应和恢复特性;Sb5+掺杂不仅可以提高TiO2纳米带的灵敏度,而且降低最佳工作温度,由掺杂前的400℃降低为掺杂后的300℃;在n(Sb)/n(Ti)=7.5%的最佳掺杂量下,对体积分数为100×10-6的乙醇气体的响应时间为19 s,恢复时间为11 s,灵敏度为13.82,且检测下限可达到1×10-6。     

热处理对溶胶-凝胶TiO_2薄膜的特性影响

研究了热处理对溶胶 -凝胶法制备的TiO2 薄膜材料的晶体结构、致密化以及光学特性的影响 .结果表明TiO2 溶胶颗粒的最低结晶化温度为 40 0℃ ,晶体尺寸随着热处理温度的升高而增大 ;TiO2 薄膜的厚度随着热处理温度的升高从 12 0nm减小到 47nm ,相应的折射率则从 1.85增加到 2 .3;同时 ,TiO2 薄膜的孔洞率随着热处理温度的升高从 0 .2 3降低到 0 .12 2 ,密度则从 2 .83g·cm-3 增加到 3.73g·cm-3 .     

纳米流体强化CO2鼓泡吸收实验

利用两步法制备了多种乙醇基质纳米流体,建立了一套纳米流体强化气体吸收实验装置,分别测试了CO2在体积分数为0．01％-0．10％的Al2O3-C2H50H、MgO-C2H50H、SiO2-C2H5OH、TiO2（5nm）．C2H50H、TiO2（25nm）．C2H50H、Ti02（60nm）-C2H50H纳米流体中的吸收浓度曲线,得到了纳米流体的体积分数、纳米粒子的种类和粒径等因素对C02吸收过程的影响．实验结果表明,纳米流体的吸收强化效果随着纳米粒子体积分数的增加而增加,并且随着纳米流体中纳米粒子粒径的增加而减少．此外,还对纳米流体强化CO2吸收过程的机理进行了分析．     

粉末溅射SnO2:Pt薄膜和SnO2/SnO2:Pt双层膜的气敏特性

用粉末溅射方法制备了体掺杂型SnO2 :Pt薄膜和表面层掺杂SnO2 /SnO2 :Pt双层膜 .实验结果表明 ,由室温至 2 0 0℃ ,这两种薄膜对CO气体均显示了较高的灵敏度和选择性 .单层膜厚度和双层膜导电层及气敏层厚度对灵敏度有明显的影响 .通过对掺杂单层膜和双层膜气敏特性的比较 ,对粉末溅射SnO2薄膜的气敏响应机理进行了探讨 .     

BiFeO_3薄膜的so-lgel制备及其铁电性能研究

采用sol-gel方法在Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100)衬底上制备出了(100)择优取向的BiFeO3薄膜.XRD研究表明,600～650℃退火的薄膜结晶较好.AFM形貌显示,650℃退火的薄膜中等轴状晶粒大小均匀(直径100～150nm),薄膜较为致密.电学性能测量结果表明,650℃退火、厚度为840nm的薄膜的2Pr值为2.8mC/cm2;在50kV/cm外加电场下,漏电流为2.7×10-5 A/cm2.电流-电压特性显示,在欧姆区之上,薄膜的主要导电机制为波尔-弗兰克尔发射导电.     

SnO2纳米颗粒对CH4气敏特性的研究

使用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SnO2纳米颗粒.通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜手段对材料的晶体结构和表面进行分析,结果表明所得材料为纯SnO2纳米颗粒.以所制备的SnO2纳米颗粒为气敏材料制备电阻式气敏元件,在CH4体积分数为2.5×10-4时,测试SnO2纳米颗粒对CH4气体的气敏特性,包括工作温度-气体灵敏度和响应-恢复特性,结果表明SnO2颗粒在工作温度为350℃时对CH4的最大灵敏度为11,响应-恢复时间分别为5s和8s.实验结果表明,该SnO2纳米颗粒气敏传感器对CH4具有快速响应和高灵敏度的特性,在工矿安全运行和环境保护方面具有重要的应用价值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-