不同类型黄铜矿的生物浸出研究

研究了两种不同类型(黄铁矿型,斑岩型)黄铜矿生物浸出的差异.实验结果表明:两类黄铜矿生物浸出差别很大,48 d后黄铁矿型黄铜矿浸出率为46.96%,斑岩型黄铜矿浸出率为14.5%.对Fe2+、矿物表面Cu2p谱图和矿床特征的分析发现:适量的Fe2+能促进黄铜矿的浸出,但最佳用量不一样;浸渣表面产物不同,斑岩型黄铜矿表面出现富铜层,阻碍了浸出继续进行;与原矿相比,铜结合能都降低,符合Hiroyoshi等提出黄铜矿浸出的两步溶解模型;两类黄铜矿生物浸出的差异是由成矿岩体、围岩、伴生矿物和元素、成矿温度和压力等因素综合决定的.     

不同成因类型黄铜矿细菌浸出钝化

利用嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌为浸矿菌种,采用SEM,XRD和XPS等手段研究2种不同成因类型黄铜矿(黄铁矿型和斑岩型)表面钝化机理.研究结果表明:2种类型黄铜矿表面形成的钝化层性质不同.黄铁矿型黄铜矿浸渣中产生S8和硫砷铜矿,其表面结构疏松;而斑岩型黄铜矿浸渣中出现Cu18.32Fe15.9S32和Cu2S,表面结构致密.黄铁矿型黄铜矿浸渣表面阻碍层为硫及其多聚物,斑岩型黄铜矿浸渣表面为富铜贫铁层.它们阻碍黄铜矿的继续浸出,且富铜贫铁层对黄铜矿的钝化能力强于硫层对黄铜矿的钝化能力.     

不同能源物质对At.f菌浸出低品位铜尾矿的影响

以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌LD-1菌株(At.f LD-1)为研究对象,研究硫酸亚铁、硫代硫酸钠和黄铁矿3种能源物质对At.f LD-1菌株浸出低品位铜尾矿浸出体系及铜浸出效率的影响.研究结果表明:At.f LD-1菌株浸出铜尾矿初期加入适量的硫酸亚铁、硫代硫酸钠、黄铁矿均能提高铜的浸出效率,其中以硫代硫酸钠的效果最为显著;初始加入二价铁质量浓度为5 g/L时浸出效果较好,46d铜浸出率达35.00%,与不加硫酸亚铁的相比提高13.63%;硫代硫酸钠中S质量浓度为1 g/L时浸铜效果最好,46d铜的浸出率达到38.10%,与不加硫代硫酸钠的相比提高23.70%;加入黄铁矿对提高铜浸出率也能起到促进作用,浸出46d后铜浸出率达34.17%,与不加黄铁矿时相比提高11.00%.     

石英对微生物浸出黄铜矿的作用

为探明石英在微生物浸出铜过程中的作用与影响,选择粒度<43μm的石英,与黄铜矿和黄铁矿形成矿浆浸出体系,考察了石英质量浓度对黄铜矿浸出效果的影响.结果表明:适量的石英,其粒度越细越能促进黄铜矿的浸出.当石英质量浓度为50g·L-1、粒度<43μm时,黄铜矿的浸出率最高可达54·09%,比不添加石英的浸出率提高了近20%;通过对微生物浸出过程的氧化还原电位、pH值、Fe2+、Fe3+变化分析,以及浸渣的扫描电镜和能谱分析发现,石英促进黄铜矿浸出主要表现在能缩短微生物浸出的延迟时间,它对浸出过程新生成的沉淀具有吸附作用,能在一定程度上减轻沉淀对黄铜矿浸出的阻碍.     

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans对黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿的浸出

以黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿为研究对象,初步探讨了Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans对黄铜矿和镍黄铁矿的浸出.结果表明:有细菌参与下,黄铜矿的浸出率是无菌体系浸出率的2.41倍;镍黄铁矿的浸出率是无菌体系浸出率的1.91倍,细菌在矿物的浸出过程中起到了很好的促进作用.浸出过程中会有黄色的黄钾铁矾(K[Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6])沉淀产生,黄钾铁矾附着在矿体表面,产生"钝化现象",严重阻碍矿物的氧化.     

Fe/S质量比对铁硫氧化细菌菌群浸铀行为的影响及其作用机制

为了探明能源基质中Fe/S质量比对铁硫氧化细菌菌群浸铀行为的影响及其作用机制,研究了不同Fe/S质量比作用下铁硫氧化细菌菌群浸铀过程中的浸出液变化、钝化层表面特性及微生物群落动态三方面的差异。结果表明:当Fe/S质量比为5∶0.5、5∶1和5∶5时,铀浸出率均达到90%以上,而在Fe/S质量比为5∶0和5∶10,铀浸出率降低,分别为45.92%和36.96%;添加一定硫粉后(Fe/S质量比为5∶0.5、5∶1和5∶5),可降低体系酸度,降低矿物表面钝化物的产生,增加钝化物的孔隙度,但是添加量过高致使矿石表面形成多硫聚合物而降低A.ferrooxidans的活性,不利于铀的浸出。当Fe/S质量比为5∶0.5、5∶1和5∶5时,浸矿前期A.thiooxidans A01浓度较高,有利于降低体系的pH,创造良好的浸铀条件;在浸矿后期,A.ferrooxidans ATCC 23270浓度逐渐升高,在浸铀过程中发挥着主导作用。     

混合菌群诱变及诱变菌群对闪锌矿浸出的影响

将采自不同地区的混合菌分别培养于以黄铜矿和黄铁矿为能源的9 K培养基中,并以该培养物作为出发菌群,用亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)、硫酸二乙酯(DES)、紫外线(UV)及其组合为诱变剂,对混合菌群进行诱变。诱变后,经过连续浸矿筛选,得到对闪锌矿浸矿效果最好的诱变菌群E。浸矿试验结果表明:在9 K和Leathen培养基中,用诱变菌群E浸出闪锌矿40 d后,Zn2 的浸出率分别比对照组提高68%和84%;离心收集Leathen培养基中的菌体和矿样浸渣,弃除液体,加入新的Leathen培养基,在30℃和200 r/min条件下,恒温摇床培养20 d后,诱变菌群E对闪锌矿中Zn2 的二次浸出率比对照组高92%。     

高温浸矿菌sulfolobus的生长及浸矿性能

系统地研究了耐高温菌sulfolobus的生长特性.sulfolobus在65℃以上能良好地生长,并对亚铁和元素硫均具有较好的氧化作用;在75℃时,sulfolobus氧化Fe2 和元素硫的活性最强,细菌的生长曲线和细菌氧化Fe2 和元素硫的趋势一致.给出了细菌生长过程溶液SO2-4和pH的变化趋势;以黄铜矿精矿为培养基对sulfolobus进行了适应性培养,并在75℃下进行了黄铜矿摇瓶浸出研究.结果显示:适应性驯化后的sulfolobus在黄铜矿精矿上生长与浸矿性能良好;当矿浆质量分数在10%以下,浸出150h,Cu浸出率可达90%以上;而矿浆质量分数在15%以上时,浸出350h,浸出率仅80%.同时还研究了浸出体系溶液氧化还原电位Eh和pH随时间的变化规律.     

嗜酸嗜热菌FD-LH对高矿浆浓度黄铜矿的生物氧化

研究耐高铜离子浓度的嗜酸嗜热菌FD-LH对梅州黄铜矿生物氧化的特性,考察不同温度、pH值、高矿浆浓度对梅州黄铜矿生物氧化速率的影响,并初步研究串级浸矿工艺的浸出特性.结果表明,在70℃,pH值1.5时黄铜矿浸出效果最佳.FD-LH菌具耐高矿浆浓度(15%~20%)的能力.在矿浆浓度15%时,采用分批浸矿工艺,8 d铜的浸出率为92.0%;采用串级浸矿工艺,8 d铜浸出率高达97.4%.串级浸矿工艺有利于提高铜的浸出速率和浸出率.     

紫金山铜矿浸出过程黄铁矿的氧化行为

针对紫金山铜矿堆浸过程中,在辉铜矿和铜蓝等有用矿物浸出的同时,有黄铁矿被大量浸出,造成浸出液中Fe3 浓度过高的现状,研究了细菌浸出黄铁矿的氧化行为和机理,重点考察了Fe3 的化学氧化以及细菌浸出黄铁矿过程的影响因素.研究结果表明,在有菌条件下,pH值为1.6时,混合矿浸出初期,黄铁矿的浸出率仅为5%～8%;随着浸出时间的增加,氧化还原电位升高,浸出15d后,氧化还原电位上升到500mV以上时,黄铁矿的浸出率可达25%.说明氧化还原电位是细菌浸出黄铁矿过程的重要影响因素.机理研究表明,细菌浸出黄铁矿是以间接反应为主,细菌在黄铁矿表面的吸附对黄铁矿的浸出具有协同作用.     

Enhancement of Au-Ag-Te contents in tellurium-bearing ore minerals via bioleaching

The purpose of this study was to enhance the content of valuable metals, such as Au, Ag, and Te, in tellurium-bearing minerals via bioleaching. The ore samples composed of invisible Au and Au paragenesis minerals (such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena) in combination with tellurium-bearing minerals (hessite, sylvanite and Tellurobismuthite) were studied. Indigenous microbes from mine drainage were isolated and identified as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which were used in bioleaching after adaption to copper. The effect of the microbial adaption on the bioleaching performance was then compared with the results produced by the non-adaptive process. The microbial adaption enhanced the Au-Ag-Te contents in biological leaching of tellurium-bearing ore minerals. This suggests that bioleaching with adapted microbes can be used both as a pretreatment and in the main recovery processes of valuable metals.     

黄铁矿强化生物浸出低品位磷矿

进行了嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌、嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌与嗜酸氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌的混合菌强化浸出低品位磷矿的实验研究.结果表明:由于试样中硫含量低,不利于该磷矿的生物浸出.提出了在浸矿体系中添加黄铁矿来强化浸出的措施.考察了细菌种类、磷矿与黄铁矿配比以及初始Fe2+质量浓度等参数对磷浸出率的影响.采用驯化菌浸出该磷矿,能获得最佳的浸出效果,其适宜的工艺参数为初始Fe2+质量浓度9g.L-1、磷矿与黄铁矿质量比1:2.5,经过20d浸出,磷的浸出率可达95%.     

含砷低品位硫化铜矿生物柱浸实验

介绍了含砷低品位硫化铜矿柱浸实验研究方法、装置和结果.实验在八根有机玻璃柱浸系统中进行,考察了细菌种类、矿石粒度、供氧条件及浸出周期等参数对浸出率的影响.结果表明,在-12mm粒度下,采用Z08090-O菌株浸出,浸出167d,铜浸出率为80.75%.对含大量黄铁矿且耗酸脉石少的矿石,酸的累积降低了采用普通驯化浸矿菌的铜浸出率,但采用激光诱变获得的耐低pH值浸矿菌,能够保持高效的铜浸出率.     

Zinc bioleaching from an iron concentrate using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain from Hercules Mine of Coahuila,Mexico

The iron concentrate from Hercules Mine of Coahuila,Mexico,which mainly contained pyrite and pyrrhotite,was treated by the bioleaching process using native strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A.ferrooxidans) to determine the ability of these bacteria on the leaching of zinc.The native bacteria were isolated from the iron concentrate of the mine.The bioleaching experiments were carried out in shake flasks to analyze the effects of pH values,pulp density,and the ferrous sulfate concentration on the bioleaching process.The results obtained by microbial kinetic analyses for the evaluation of some aspects of zinc leaching show that the native bacteria A.ferrooxidans,which is enriched with a 9K Silverman medium under the optimum conditions of pH 2.0,20 g/L pulp density,and 40 g/L FeSO4,increases the zinc extraction considerably observed by monitoring during15 d,i.e.,the zinc concentration has a decrease of about 95% in the iron concentrate.     

Triton X-100对氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化活性及浸出黄铜矿的影响

为提高黄铜矿的微生物浸出效果,研究了非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100对氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)氧化Fe2+和S0的活性以及浸出黄铜矿的影响,并采用XRD对浸出后的产物进行了表征.结果表明,Triton X-100对氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe2+有一定的抑制作用,而对氧化S0则显现出促进作用;Triton X-100可显著改善黄铜矿的微生物浸出效果,当其质量浓度为30 mg·L-1时,黄铜矿中铜的浸出率提高了52.15%.Triton X-100的加入提高了氧化亚铁硫杆菌对黄铜矿浸出过程中间产物硫的生物利用性和消解作用,从而提高了浸出体系中细菌浓度和Fe3+浓度,进而促进了黄铜矿的溶解.     

土著微生物对尾矿中重金属的淋滤研究

生物淋滤对尾矿的重金属污染处理的效果已经得到了广泛的认可.在对酸性尾矿中的土著氧化硫硫杆菌以及氧化亚铁硫杆菌进行分离以及加富培养的基础上,分别运用单一菌种以及混合菌种对尾矿样本进行淋滤处理.通过12 d的淋滤实验,实验室结果表明,分离出的氧化亚铁硫杆菌以及氧化硫硫杆菌等土著微生物具有较高的利用价值.同时实验表明,在采用...     

Bioleaching of chalcopyrite and bornite by moderately thermophilic bacteria: an emphasis on their interactions

Interactions between chalcopyrite and bornite during bioleaching by moderately thermophilic bacteria were investigated mainly by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical measurements performed in conjunction with bioleaching experiments. The results showed that a synergistic effect existed between chalcopyrite and bornite during bioleaching by both Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptospirillum ferriphilum and that extremely high copper extraction could be achieved when chalcopyrite and bornite coexisted in a bioleaching system. Bornite dissolved preferentially because of its lower corrosion potential, and its dissolution was accelerated by the galvanic current during the initial stage of bioleaching. The galvanic current and optimum redox potential of 390-480 m V vs. Ag/Ag Cl promoted the reduction of chalcopyrite to chalcocite(Cu2S), thus accelerating its dissolution.     

某铀矿石微生物浸出性能及影响因素研究

为评估微生物浸出某铀矿石的应用前景,设计正交实验,在不同初始pH值、接种量、浸出时间和固液比条件下,分别开展了嗜铁钩端螺旋菌、嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸喜温硫杆菌浸出某铀矿石的研究。三株微生物对某铀矿石的最高浸出率均高于97%。浸出过程中,微生物浸出体系的pH值均呈下降趋势,Eh值均呈上升趋势。初始pH值、接种量、浸出时间和固液比四个因素对三株微生物的浸出均有影响,但对不同微生物浸铀的影响存在区别。影响嗜铁钩端螺旋菌浸出的主要因素是接种量,而嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸喜温硫杆菌的浸出主要受初始pH值的影响。     

通气对硫化铜矿生物浸出过程中自由细菌和吸附细菌群落动态的影响研究

生物浸出回收低品位硫化铜矿中的铜金属具有操作简单、低能耗、节约经济等优点,成为了近年来的研究热点。然而低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出效率低是其面临的主要问题之一。本文为了促进生物浸出效率,研究了强制通气条件下的低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出过程中的铜浸出率、细菌群落动态演替等特征。结果表明,适当的通气可提高细菌浓度和铜浸出率。在通气时间为4 h·d?1时,浸矿14 d后的细菌浓度和铜离子浓度最高,分别为7.61×107 个·mL?1和704.9 mg·L?1。实验可得,吸附细菌在浸矿过程的前7 d起着重要作用,而自由细菌则是在第8 d到第14 d占主导地位。这一现象主要是由于浸出过程Fe3+水解形成钝化层所致,抑制了吸附细菌与矿石的接触。同时,通过16S rDNA分析可知,Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans和Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans对低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出过程具有重要影响。     

Bio-oxidation of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

This paper deals with the bio-oxidation processes by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Our experimental results show distinctive bio-oxidation characteristics for the three sulfide minerals. In the presence of A. ferrooxidans, the sulfide oxidation rates generally decrease in the order of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The pH during bio-oxidation of pyrite tends to decrease as a whole, whereas a rise-fall pattern was recorded for both chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite in their pH variations. No deposition was observed during the bio-oxidation of pyrite, suggesting a possible link to lower pH value in the process. However, large amounts of jarosite and element sulfur were determined in the bio-oxidation processes of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. A. ferrooxidans individuals were found directly as attachments to erosion pits on the smooth surface of pyrite. The erosion pits are similar to the bacterium in shape and length, and thus are probably products of dissolution of organic acid secreted by the cells on the mineral surface. More complicatedly, biofilm exists on the surfaces of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. This type of structured community of A. ferrooxidans is enclosed in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and covered with the deposition generated in the bio-oxidation processes of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Different bio-oxidation processes of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite may be linked mainly to characteristics of individual minerals and the pH in the reaction solution of the bio-oxidation system.