浅谈古今汉语的"兼语式"

古今汉语的“兼语式”，历来颇受争议。本在考察一些语法学家对“兼语式”的质疑的基础上，运用乔姆斯基普遍语法学说的X^-理论、空范畴理论等观察、剖析了古今汉语的“兼语式”，认为所谓“兼语式”是人们在不了解汉语空范畴的情况下对特定句式的一种误解。根据空范畴的性质，可以把所谓的“兼语式”分为两类。     

说"乘"

通过对“乘”字的字形简析和义项归纳，“乘”的本义当为“登、升”，纠正了《汉语大字典》、《汉语大词典》“乘”条的释义。     

"持经达变"教翻译

对于英汉翻译课程的教学,传统意义上局限于翻译理论和技巧的讲授与训练,实际结果是汉语译文的“欧化”现象严重,英语译文的“中式”味道太浓。本文主要探讨如何在翻译教学中立足汉语的母语思维,培养学生翻译的观念,端正“持经达变”的态度,以及如何正确运用翻译技巧与方法,激发翻译兴趣,克服“两张皮”现象,切实提高翻译能力。     

"怯气"和"惬气"

“怯气”“惬气”明清小说中常见，词义均同“服气”，“惬”可能是本字，而“怯”是通假字。《鼓掌绝尘》中的“恡气”当校为“怯气”，意为“服气”。虽然“怯气”“惬气”在现代汉语中仍使用较多，但词义都不再是“服气”。     

小议汉语称谓中"小"和"老"的英译策略

“小 姓”及“老 姓”或“姓 老”是汉语称谓中非常常见的形式,而英语中却鲜见这样的称谓方式。这是中西方社会在文化传统方面的差异的一个体现。本文旨在探讨在翻译中如何体现汉语称谓的这种特殊现象,并结合了称谓语的语用功能和奈达的功能对等翻译理论作为指导依据,探讨了适用的翻译策略。     

"言归于好"之"言"字刍议

继王引之《经传释词》注“言归于好”之“言”为“语词”后，各类汉语工具书皆认为此“言”是助词，无实义。结合文献及声韵，认为“言”应为“我 焉”的合音词，有实义，即“我就(从此)”。清代后，“言归于好”之“言”虚化为助词，无义。     

现代汉语和永新方言"得"字的比较

“得”字在现代汉语和永新方言中，含义和用法上都是一个很有特色的词（或语素）。本文通过现代汉语和永新方言相应“得”字的比较，探寻它在二者间的共性和差异，从一个角度比较现代汉语与永新方言的关系。本文比较的范围以永新方言“得”字的含义和用法为准，凡是永新方言中所不具有的含义和用法，只列出，不讨论。现代汉语普通话的语料大都来自《现代汉语八百词》和《现代汉语动词》。     

浅议"吃"字句

近代汉语中有种被动“吃”字句,在现代汉语中已经消失了。通过对近代汉语“吃”字句的简单探讨,并且列举了被动“吃”字句在近代汉语文献中的表现,分析了这种句式结构单位的历史发展概貌和初步探讨了这种特种句式消失的原因。     

"word"、"词"和"字"

“word”、“词”和“字”是英汉语中的三个基本概念。对比“word”与“词”、“word”与“字”,探讨它们的对应性和非对应性,揭示这些对应性和非对应性存在的原因,对于廓清概念及汉语和汉英对比研究都颇具意义。     

"勾当"词义源流考

“勾当”是汉语常用词之一,最初作动词,表示“主管,料理”义,并用作职衔名;晚唐五代时引申出“事情”义,之后约在元代,“坏事情”一义从中分化出来,并在现代汉语中最终取代“勾当”的其他用法成为常用义。探讨“勾当”的用法变化及其原因,可以为汉语词汇研究以及语文辞书编纂提供新的线索。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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