Fractal analysis for root growth of plant seedlings under doubled CO2 concentration

Fractal geometry was applied and box dimension was used as an indicator to analyze the effects of doubled CO₂ concentration on the root growth of plant seedlings. Results showed that doubled CO₂ concentration displayed different effects on root branching characteristics of C₃ and C₄ plants. There was an obvious increase of root branches in spring wheat while there were no significant effects on roots of sweet sorghum. In different soil layers, root branching of spring wheat was stimulated and this promotion was most significant in the second layer (10–20 cm), which denoted that elevated CO₂ altered the root branching pattern. That means higher CO₂ concentration influences not only root growth but also its differentiation and development.     

黄瓜植株生长量对温室内CO2浓度的影响

探讨了黄瓜植株生长量与温室内CO2浓度之间的关系，研究结果表明：随着生育时间的延长，栽培黄瓜的温室内CO2最高浓度、放风前CO2浓度都呈下降趋势，而温室内CO2浓度的下降速率则不断增大．温室内CO2下降速率与植株叶面积呈显著相关关系．     

CO2浓度升高对冬小麦叶片特性及蒸散影响研究初报

利用开顶式气室(OTC)设置不同CO2浓度处理,观测分析了CO2浓度升高对冬小麦叶片特性与蒸散的影响。结果表明,CO2浓度增加100%、50%和25%后冬小麦叶面积指数(LAI)、叶重、厚度及蒸散量均有不同程度的增加。其中,在叶片发育最旺盛的抽穗期LAI和叶重分别增加23%、11.4%、5.6%和21.3%、9.4%、4.3%;抽穗后,冬小麦平均旗叶面积和叶厚分别增加25.1%、8.4%、4.1%和12.9%、8.8%、7.5%;而旗叶叶绿素无明显变化;蒸散量在拔节-孕穗期略有增加,在孕穗-抽穗期分别增加33.8%、26.8%、11.9%,在开花-乳熟期分别增加了44%、23.9%、8.3%。可见,CO2浓度增加有利于冬小麦生物量的积累,但同时增加了农田生态系统的耗水量。     

CO2浓度增加对西北太平洋热带风暴气候特征的影响

为了研究CO2浓度变化对西北太平洋热带风暴气候特征的影响,采用全球大气海洋耦合环流模式GFDL CM2.1 3个CO2排放情景下的数值试验资料,提出了适合模式的识别模式热带风暴的标准,并采用NCEP再分析资料和年鉴资料检验了标准的合理性,分析了模式热带风暴在CO2浓度增加后气候特征的变化.结果表明,所提标准是合理的,所识别的模式热带风暴在暖心平均结构等方面与NCEP热带风暴平均结构相似性高;CO2浓度增加后,模式热带风暴频数减少,强度增强,强热带风暴增多,主要源地和活动地区西移,季节分布和持续时间的分布形势没有明显变化.     

CO2浓度倍增对元宝枫和刺槐光合特性的影响

在CO2浓度倍增条件下,研究了元宝枫和刺槐叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明:对元宝枫和刺槐培养60 d和90 d,其平均光合速率分别为对照的117.81%和106.11%。8月和9月两树种在CO2倍增条件下叶绿素初始荧光(Fo)较对照升高,最大荧光(Fm)和可变荧光(Fv)较对照降低,但10月和11月这些指标呈相反的变化趋势,光系统II(PSII)的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)的相应值分别增大0.008、0.012倍和0.230、0.201倍,具有较高的PSII原初光能转化效率。CO2浓度倍增条件下,元宝枫和刺槐的蒸腾速率分别较对照降低了26.82%和42.30%,蒸腾速率的日变化为单峰型,而对照条件下呈现双峰型。     

CO2浓度升高对宁夏枸杞果实发育期形态指标及糖分积累影响

【目的】探究正常大气CO₂浓度升高对宁夏枸杞果实发育期形态及发育期蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖等糖分积累过程的影响,以期为气候变化对果实发育期糖分积累影响提供参考。【方法】以宁夏枸杞苗木为试材,采用开顶气室模拟控制3个CO₂浓度:正常大气CO₂浓度[(380±20) μmol/mol,CK]作为对照,0.5倍增浓度[(570±20) μmol/mol,TR1],1倍增浓度[(760±20) μmol/mol,TR2];分别取经不同CO₂浓度处理的宁夏枸杞果实幼果期至成熟期果品,测定其形态指标及不同发育期含糖量。【结果】TR1、TR2处理的宁夏枸杞果实较CK处理,在幼果期、青果期单果质量,以及横径均显著上升。青果期,其纵径、淀粉及果糖含量较CK处理显著增加。至成熟期,果实横径显著增大,蔗糖含量显著上升,单果纵径/横径显著下降,而果糖、葡萄糖、淀粉含量处理间无显著差异;TR1、TR2处理宁夏枸杞果实较CK处理在转色期蔗糖、淀粉质量比显著上升,初熟期显著下降,成熟期极显著上升;CO₂浓度升高处理使宁夏枸杞果实在青果期单果质量与淀粉含量、转色期单果质量与果糖含量、转色期蔗糖与淀粉含量、成熟期单果质量与蔗糖含量间均达显著正相关。【结论】CO₂浓度升高可显著促进宁夏枸杞在幼果期、青果期的果实横径、单果质量,使其青果期纵径及果糖、淀粉含量显著增加,处理至成熟期,可使宁夏枸杞果实单果质量、蔗糖含量显著上升,纵径/横径显著下降,影响果实发育过程中淀粉和蔗糖的积累过程。     

CeO2上CO和CO2吸附表面体的红外光谱研究

应用红外光谱技术研究了CO,CO_2等在氧化态和还原态CeO_2上表面吸附体的形成及反应,归属了所观察到的红外吸收带,证实在表面上存在HCO_3~-,HCOO~-,及两种不同键合方式的CO_3~(2-)等表面物种。观察到HCO_3~-有两种存在形式,一种在较高的温度下稳定,一种在较低温度下稳定。在不同温度下HCOO~-、CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-三种表面物种之间可相互转化,在氧化态样品上,CO最终氧化生成CO_2气体。     

Photosynthesis of Populus euphratica and its response to elevated CO2 concentration in an arid environment

The photosynthetic characterization of Populus euphratica and its response to the elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) were analyzed based on its net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE) at different groundwater depths measured by a portable gas exchange system (LI-6400) in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The results showed that the elevation of [CO2] decreased the gs, and increased the Pn, Ci and WUE of P. euphratica. However, the effects of the elevated [CO2] on gs, Pn, Ci and WUE varied considerably with groundwater depth. The response of photosynthesis to rising [CO2] was stronger at the greater groundwater depth (more than 6 m) than that at the shallower groundwater depth (less than 6 m). The critical groundwater depth required to maintain the normal survival of P. euphratica was less than 6 m. When the groundwater depth increased to more than 6 m, P. euphratica encountered moderate water stress, and the plant suffered severe water stress when the groundwater depth increased to more than 7 m.     

麻栎光合作用的特性及其对CO2倍增的响应

研究了 1 2年生麻栎的光合作用特性、净光合速率的日变化及其对CO2 倍增的响应。结果表明 :( 1 )麻栎叶片的光饱和点约为 1 2 0 0 μmol/ (m2 ·s) ,光补偿点约为 50 μmol/ (m2 ·s) ,表观光量子效率为 0 .0 2 5mol/mol。麻栎叶片CO2 补偿点为 60 μmol/mol,CO2 饱和点为1 2 0 0 μmol/mol,叶片的羧化效率为 0 .0 2 ,麻栎为喜光的C3植物 ;( 2 )麻栎叶片的净光合速率日变化在生长初期和末期为单峰曲线 ,其走势与光合有效辐射走势一致 ;而在生长盛期为双峰曲线 ,净光合速率在中午出现了明显的下降 ;( 3 )主成份分析表明 ,影响麻栎净光速率的主导因子在生长初期是光强和叶室CO2 浓度 ,在生长盛期是饱和蒸汽压差和温度 ,在生长末期是饱和蒸汽压差和相对湿度 ;( 4 )CO2 倍增条件下 ,麻栎叶片净光合作用速率平均增幅为 89.1 7%。     

大气CO2浓度升高对棉花生理特性和生长的影响

根据在人工气候室取得的试验资料,分析了大气ＣＯ２ 浓度倍增对棉花叶气孔阻力和导度、叶温、叶光合和蒸腾速率、生长状况与干物质积累等的影响．结果表明,大气ＣＯ２ 浓度倍增,棉花叶气孔阻力增加,导度降低,叶温增加,光合速率增大,蒸腾速率降低,水分利用效率明显提高,棉花生长加快．这些性质的变化在不同土壤水分条件下（高低两种水分处理）产生明显的差异,表现为大气ＣＯ２ 浓度增加对光合速率和生长的正效应及其对蒸腾的抑制作用削弱了水分胁迫对棉花光合和生长产生的不利影响,在低水分条件下棉花水分利用效率增加的比例大于高水分条件下的     

高浓度CO2对红松幼苗及土壤碳氮特征的影响

为探知红松苗对未来大气CO₂浓度的碳、氮响应策略,系统了解不同CO₂浓度下红松幼苗及其土壤碳、氮特征,采用生长箱培养法,分别研究了350、700 μmol/mol CO₂浓度下红松幼苗主要器官碳、氮浓度与积累(吸收)量变化,并分析其培养土壤的碳、氮含量。结果表明:与低浓度CO₂处理相比,高浓度CO₂处理并未对红松幼苗根、茎及叶的碳浓度产生显著影响,但导致叶碳积累量显著增加37.63%; 高浓度CO₂培养导致红松幼苗根、茎、叶氮浓度显著降低,茎氮吸收量显著下降27.45%,根、茎、叶的碳氮比升高,土壤溶解性有机碳含量显著增加28.82%,总有机碳、微生物量碳、全氮、微生物量氮及水解性氮含量均未发生显著变化,碳氮比增加。总体上,3年生的红松幼苗氮浓度、碳氮比、叶碳积累量及土壤溶解性有机碳对CO₂升高响应迅速。     

半干旱雨养地区春小麦气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度对环境因子的响应

黄土高原半干旱区雨养春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)产量一直受到当地特殊环境条件制约,气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度的变化对于分析光合作用限制十分重要。因此,在大田自然条件下分析了春小麦气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度对环境因子的响应及其阈值,结果表明:1土壤温度、空气温度对气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度影响显著,温度与两生理指标成二次曲线关系,且在不同生育期、不同生理指标的最适温度不同,黄土高原最适温度较湿润地区低;2土壤湿度与气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度呈正相关,土壤湿度低,变化幅度小,更倾向于是一种气候背景;3空气湿度与气孔导度呈正相关,特别是灌浆期对春小麦具有较大的促进作用。抽穗期空气湿度与胞间CO2浓度呈负相关,灌浆期二者关系不显著;4不同生育期生理特征对环境因子的敏感性有较大差异。     

In situ FTIR spectroscopic studies of CO adsorption on electrodes of nanometer-thin layer of Pt-Ru and Pt-Pd surface alloys

CO adsorption on nanometer-thin layer of surface alloys of Pt-Ru and Pt-Pd prepared by electrochemical codeposition has been studied using in situ FTIR spectroscopy. Abnormal infrared effects (AIREs) that consist of the enhancement of IR absorption by adsorbed CO on different surface sites and the inversion of IR band direction have been observed on the thin-layer prepared. The results also demonstrate the considerable significance of Pt-Ru and Pt-Pd surface alloys in electrocatalysis applications.     

高浓度CO_2对小新月菱形藻胞外碳酸酐酶活性和光合作用的影响

以赤潮硅藻小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium var.minutissima)为实验材料,研究了短期内(12 h)高浓度CO2(5%CO2)对其胞外碳酸酐酶活性和光合作用的影响,结果显示,高浓度CO2培养导致小新月菱形藻胞外碳酸酐酶活性、叶绿素a和叶绿素c含量明显下降.与通空气培养(0.035%CO2)相比,在短期内(12 h)胞外碳酸酐酶活性下降了75.4%,叶绿素a、c含量分别降低了5.6%和7.3%;高浓度CO2培养下最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(Yield)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)下降,但非光化学淬灭系数(gN)升高.研究结果表明,高浓度CO2对胞外碳酸酐酶活性具有明显的抑制作用,小新月菱形藻通过调整光系统Ⅱ的能量流动和能量利用效率以适应高浓度CO2的环境.     

Reconstruction of surface ocean water <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>(aq) in Nansha area,the South China Sea during the last 30 ka

The reconstruction of pCO2 in the tropic ocean is one of the most important issues to understand global climatic changes.In this study,the high-resolution stratigraphic analysis of core 17962 was conducted,which is Iocated in the southern South China Sea(SCS).The contents of sedimentary organic matter,the stable carbon isotopic composition of sedimentary organic matter,and the δ^13C values of black carbon and terrigenons n-alkanes were determined.And the δ^13Cwc value of carbon derived from aquatic was calculated.On the basis of δ^13Corg-pCO2equation proposed by Popp et al.(1989),we estimated the pCO2 in the Nansha area,SCS,since the last glaciation using δ^13Cwc instead of δ^13Corg.The results show that the average pCO2 was estimated at 240 ppm V during the last glaciation,and at 320ppm V in the Holocene.A comparison of surface sea pCO2 with the atmosphere CO2 recorded in the Vostok ice core,indicates that CO2 in surface water of the southern SCS could emit into atmosphere during the last 30ka.     

Effects of elevated CO2 on growth and carbon partitioning in rice

Rice (\%Oryza sativa\% cv. Jindao 1187) was grown in open_top chambers which contained ambient and enriched CO\-2. CO\-2 elevation stimulated rice tillering during early vegetative stage. However, panicle dry weight per plant did not change at maturity stage. Root biomass was enhanced by high CO\-2. Root / shoot ratio was increased under high CO\-2 at maturity, indicating more carbon allocation to the below_bround part in rice under high CO\-2.     

不同浓度CO2对马尾松幼苗光合特性及单萜烯释放的影响

【目的】研究CO₂浓度升高对马尾松(Pinus massoniana)幼苗光合特性和单萜烯释放的影响,以了解马尾松挥发性有机物(BVOCs)排放对气候变化的响应机制。【方法】利用开顶式气室(OTC),依据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第5次评估报告,设置1 000、750、550 μmol/mol 3个CO₂熏气浓度梯度,并与未经CO₂熏气处理的OTCs中CO₂平均浓度(437 μmol/mol,CK)进行对比,研究了中国南方主要造林树种马尾松幼苗净光合速率、叶绿素含量、气孔导度及单萜烯释放的变化规律。【结果】经过60 d的浓度为750及1 000 μmol/mol CO₂熏气处理,马尾松幼苗的叶绿素总含量下降约 17.54%和29.82%;60 d高浓度CO₂处理的马尾松幼苗在环境大气中净光合速率及气孔导度显著低于对照组,且浓度为1 000 μmol/mol CO₂处理组最低;相较于对照组,CO₂浓度升高使马尾松幼苗的单萜烯释放速率下降,在60 d时达到显著水平。马尾松幼苗的单萜烯释放速率与叶片净光合速率及气孔导度呈显著正相关。【结论】高CO₂浓度条件下,马尾松幼苗叶片光合速率和气孔导度的下降可能是单萜烯释放速率降低的原因。     

CO_2质量浓度对沈阳市银杏生长及光合固碳能力的影响

以生长在沈阳市区内的银杏为试材,使用开顶箱模拟法对倍增CO2质量浓度(700μmol．mol-1)和正常空气CO2质量浓度(≈350μmol．mol-1)条件下,银杏生长参数、叶面积指数、不同天气中净光合速率日变化进行了初步研究,探讨了高质量浓度CO2对单株银杏光合固碳能力的影响。结果表明:CO2质量浓度增高可以显著提高银杏枝条的生长量和银杏的叶面积指数。经高质量浓度CO2处理后,银杏不同天气下光合速率日变化趋势与对照一致,即晴天为双峰曲线,多云天气为单峰曲线,但净光合速率显著高于对照(P<0．001)。由于净光合速率和叶面积指数升高,高质量浓度CO2也显著提高了单株银杏的固碳释氧能力(P<0．01),晴天比对照提高了119．5％,阴天提高了175．4％。