2012-05 科技期刊亮点

青藏高原湖泊沉积重建历史气候环境变迁生活在湖泊中的小型双壳类动物-介形类之壳体和营养体纤细的沉水性植物-轮藻类之藏卵器,能真实记录湖区各种气候和环境变化信息,是研究古环境古气候演变的好材料。中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所郑绵平院士根据西藏台错地区的湖泊沉积物化石,以及化石和碳酸盐的碳氧稳定同位素的测试数据重建了其所代表的41.4—4.5千年期间气候环境,     

辽西早白垩世义县组大康堡层纹泥的古环境意义

辽西地区义县组湖泊沉积层中产出著名的“热河生物群”化石,对于此时期古环境的研究一直是诸多学者关注的焦点.本文对大康堡层湖相纹泥展开研究,重建此时期古环境.通过野外及室内对纹泥组成、类型、厚度等方面的观测,对此时期古气候有了新的认识.纹泥厚度特征变化表明沉积期降水量和沉积速率逐渐减小,统计洪水沉积间纹层数量可指示沉积期洪水事件的频率和规模.结合近现代纹泥形成和保存条件,可知该地区沉积期湖泊水体较深,湖水分层,存在一个缺氧环境,具有较小的表面积/深度比,湖盆形态适合,未受到风的侵扰.     

青藏高原东北部不同地理单元全新世湖泊演化与模拟

选择青藏高原东北部地区3个典型湖泊:猪野泽(干旱区)、青海湖(高原区)、小柴达木湖(柴达木盆地)为研究对象,基于流域能量与水量平衡模型,利用古岸堤高程和年代学证据重建古湖泊面积、古降水量与古径流量,运用虚拟湖泊能量与水量平衡模型连续模拟全新世湖泊演化过程,结合古气候代用指标分析湖泊演化与气候变化的驱动机制.结果表明, 3个典型湖泊重建结果与模拟结果较为一致;猪野泽中全新世湖泊水位变化主要受降水因素影响,晚全新世湖泊水位变化主要受控于蒸发因素;青海湖全新世湖泊水位变化主要受季风降水影响;小柴达木湖全新世湖泊水位变化幅度小,中全新世湖泊水位变化主要受西风影响,晚全新世湖泊水位主要受控于蒸发因素.     

广西金鸡滩库区水深梯度下的硅藻生态特征研究

基于生物群落结构的生态水文特征,特别是水深梯度下的硅藻生物群落差异为研究历史水位变迁提供了重要依据,亦为水质生物监测的合理采样水深提供参考意见.通过采集金鸡滩库区不同水深下的附生硅藻,研究了喀斯特地区水深梯度下的硅藻分布特征,探讨了金鸡滩库区硅藻种属对水深变化的响应.研究结果表明曲壳藻属是该库区的绝对优势种,在2.2m深处达到峰值;在水深梯度上,桥弯藻属和脆杆藻属的丰度减小,异极藻属和直链藻属的丰度增加.硅藻的生态类群特征为:硅藻种群的耐污性和N-异氧类群增加,营养偏好和pH偏好呈波动变化,盐度偏好变化不明显.在不同水深下,各指数的相对离散程度很低,认为在合理水深内的生物采样对水质生物评价影响较小;在响应水深梯度上,SHE是所有生物指数中较理想的.该研究结果为重塑本地区的古水位、古洪水提供了重要的理论依据,对硅藻生物监测水质具有一定的指导意义.     

河北三大洼淀表层沉积硅藻与水质的关系

选取了河北省三大主要洼淀为研究对象,分季节采集水样和表层底泥,做水质和硅藻分析.运用综合营养指数法(TLI)定量评价(白洋淀、衡水湖、永年洼)富营养状况,定性分析了其富营养及沉积硅藻组合对水质的响应.研究结果表明:河北三大洼淀水质均呈现富营养状态,硅藻组合对其具有较好的响应.沉积硅藻的持续研究,将为湖泊的富营养治理提供科学依据.     

西藏湖泊表层沉积物硅藻组合及其环境影响因素

通过对西藏20个不同类型湖泊表层沉积物中硅藻属种分析鉴定,共发现10科27属212种硅藻,以喜碱性硅藻为主.其中相对优势属为Navicula(17.5%),Nitzschia(10.8%),Cymbella(8.5%),Fragilaria(8.5%),Gomphonema(7.1%),Pinnularia(6.1%);相对优势种为Denticula elegans,Fragilaria pinnata,Nitzschia denticula,其次为Navicula cincta var.leptocephala,Fragilaria leptostauron var.martyi,Amphora ovalis var.pediculus.研究表明:盐度指标T DS,SC,ρ(Mg2+),ρ(Mg2+)/ρ(Ca2+),ρ(CO2-3+HCO-3)和碱度是藏北湖泊硅藻分布的主控因素,pH值对硅藻种属组合特征也有明显控制作用.Denticula elegans可在电导率为3.98 mS/cm的环境中良好生长;Nitzschia denticula在西藏地区对pH的最高适应值达10.56;Fragilaria pinnata最优生长环境pH值为8.68,电导率为0.30 mS/cm;Fragilaria leptostauron var.martyi对盐度有一定的耐受能力,可在SC最高达3.98 mS/cm的环境中生长;Amphora ovalis var.pediculus在西藏地区最适生长环境SC为0.48 mS/cm,pH值为10.26;微咸水种Amphora veneta具有较强的耐盐性,能在盐度为345 mg/L的环境中大量生长;Opephora martyi的大量生长可能指示了营养良好的水体环境.     

豫西渑池盆地沉积剖面粒度特征及其环境意义

渑池盆地是黄河中游的一处峡谷,周边的黄河两岸是中华民族的重要发祥地之一.研究盆地区全新世以来的环境变化过程对新石器时代人类文明的研究具有重要意义.本文通过对渑池盆地池底村古湖泊沉积进行剖面观察、连续采样、14C年代测定(校正为日历年龄)和粒度组成分析,发现剖面沉积物的粒度特征较好地反映了渑池盆地的古气候和古湖泊水位变化情况.剖面粒度组成和粒度参数等变化特征揭示,渑池盆地末次冰盛期以来古湖盆流域的气候环境演化序列为:19 543～8 039 cal.a BP期间,早期对应于末次冰期,气候比较干燥,古湖泊尚未形成,进入全新世气候由干冷向暖湿化方向转变,古湖泊开始形成;8 039～3 473 cal.a BP期间,气候环境处在一个相对比较稳定的时期,此阶段相当于全新世大暖期,气候温暖湿润,湖泊水位最高;3 473～2 897 cal.a BP期问,气候波动剧烈,总体上气候较前一段干旱,湖泊水位下降;2 897～2 422 cal.a BP期间,气候干旱,古湖泊干涸.渑池盆地的环境变化过程与周边地区有较好的对应性.     

榕江平原全新世硅藻记录与古环境重建

通过对榕江平原揭阳地区钻孔ZK01和ZK02硅藻记录的分析,结合沉积学特征和年代数据,重建榕江平原全新世以来的古环境演化。约10.4～8.5 ka B.P.,钻孔所在地尚未受到海水影响,发育河漫滩-淡水沼泽环境。8.5～5.5 ka B.P.海水入侵,形成潮间带沼泽-潮滩相沉积。5.5～3.9 ka B.P.本区为河口湾环境,约5.5 ka B.P.海侵影响达到最大,硅藻总丰度和分异度达到最高值。3.9～3.7 ka B.P.发生一次短暂海退,硅藻总丰度明显下降,ZK01孔发育咸水沼泽相沉积,ZK02孔仍为河口湾相沉积。3.7～2.4 ka B.P.海平面再次上升至相对稳定,研究区持续发育河口湾环境,期间出现3次小规模的水深变化旋回。2.4 ka B.P以来海水退出,河流作用增强,研究区发育三角洲平原相沉积。     

东平湖硅藻群落结构特征及其与水环境的关系

东平湖位于淮海经济区北部,是国家南水北调东线工程的关键调蓄湖,其水环境状况对于调水水质安全具有重要意义.硅藻是指示湖泊水环境的敏感指标,在湖泊水质监测中有着广泛应用.为了解东平湖的水环境状况,2011年分季节对东平湖硅藻样品和水样进行了采集分析.研究表明:东平湖硅藻有16属43种,主要以部分附生和浮游种为主;优势属种有Achnanthes minutissima,Aulacoseira ambigua,Aulacoseira granulata,Fragilaria capucina v.vaucheriea,Synedra tenera,Synedra ulna v.acus等.冗余分析(RDA)结果共解释物种数据累计方差的28.1%;Monte Carlo检验表明,东平湖水体中COD,pH值、总P和深度是影响底栖动物群落分布最关键的环境因子(F=2.04~2.85,p0.05).总体来看,目前东平湖整体水质处于中营养及中营养向富营养方向转化之中,今后要特别注意湖区人类活动增强后对湖泊的污染,以确保南水北调输水水质的安全.     

中国陆相硅藻土物化特征及对硅藻生长、堆埋环境指示意义

根据国内硅藻土矿床中硅藻土的硅藻化石组合、物相、化学成份及微量元素特征的分析,对我国地质时期硅藻的生长环境及堆埋条件进行了深入研究,结果表明:1)硅藻生长的水体基本上为陆相淡水湖泊型,其生长所需的硅藻质SiO2主要来源于火山作用;从中新世、上新世到第四纪,硅藻生长的湖盆总体上存在着由浅覆、超覆到退覆沼泽化的演替趋势;同时,气候也相应出现了稳定、动荡至稳定的演化格局.2)硅藻堆积过程中成矿盆地伴随有明显的地壳差异性升降运动,其堆埋的介质条件多为碱性或偏碱性.图4,表3,参23.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~     

Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has