表面活性剂对超细钛酸钡粉体制备的影响

钛酸钡是一种重要的功能介电材料,本实验采用了直接沉淀法合成纳米BaTiO3粉体,分别研究了表面活性剂种类、浓度、加入时间在合成过程中对纳米钛酸钡粉体大小的影响：结果表明,通过添加非离子表面活性剂APG,用量为0．5wt％时,能够较好地控制纳米钛酸钡粉体的大小、形状,改善纳米钛酸钡粉体的团聚情况。在沉淀反应前加入APG的方式优于反应后加入的方式。     

一种能同时吸附水中多种污染物的新型吸附材料:表面活性剂改性沸石

表面活性剂改性沸石是指将粉煤灰合成沸石后,使用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进行表面修饰获得的一种新型吸附材料.本文评估了表面活性剂改性沸石从水中同时去除多类污染物的多功能性.目标污染物包括无机离子型污染物(氨氮和磷酸盐)、有机离子型污染物(亚甲基蓝和腐植酸)、可离子化有机污染物(不同pKa的双酚A,-氯酚和苯酚)和不可离子化的有机污染物(不同疏水性的苯胺,硝基苯,萘).与合成沸石相似,表面活性剂改性沸石吸附氨氮和磷的能力也较强.沸石内部孔隙中的负电荷可以去除氨氮;粉煤灰中的CaO,Al2O3和Fe2O3等成分经过沸石合成过程中的修饰可以吸附磷.研究结果还表明:尽管合成沸石对腐植酸,可离子化和不可离子化的有机污染物没有亲和性,表面活性剂改性沸石却对上述污染物具有很强的吸附能力.表面活性剂在沸石表面形成了双层胶束,使沸石外表面具有了疏水性,因此,可以吸附有机污染物.本研究表明表面活性剂改性沸石是一种很有前途的多功能水处理吸附剂.     

一种非结构化数据库的四面体数据模型

文中针对非结构化数据管理提出了一种四面体模型.该模型用4个刻面分别描述了一个非结构化数据的基本属性、语义特征、底层特征以及原始数据等组成元素,并描述了这些元素之间的内在联系.设计了四面体模型的实现结构以及数据操作语言.四面体模型能够实现各类非结构化数据的统一的、集成的以及关联的描述,并能够支持关联检索和数据挖掘等智能检索服务.最后给出了一个视频样例库中数据的描述与操作实例.     

凝聚度——描述与测度社会生态系统抗干扰能力的一种新特性

研究一个网络系统抵抗干扰的能力,系统科学里有＂鲁棒性＂的概念,社会—生态系统里用＂脆弱性＂、＂恢复性＂和＂适应性＂等概念.这些已有的概念是否已经全面地描述了系统抵抗干扰的能力呢？在综合灾害风险管理的实践中,整个社会凝心聚力,行动协调一致,往往发挥着至关重要的决定性作用.然而,现有学术研究中所用到的各种系统属性,都不能很好表述一个系统凝心聚力的能力或水平.鉴于此,本文提出一种全新的网络系统属性：网络凝聚度（consilience degree）,专门用以度量一个如社会—生态系统一样行为的网络系统凝心聚力,行动协调一致,以抵抗干扰的能力.网络凝聚度实际上是一种更具普遍意义的＂联结度＂.它可以象联结度一样,派生发展出一系列的系统新属性和网络新模型,从而形成一个研究复杂系统的新的理论体系.本文将重点阐述这个体系的雏型.理论分析和仿真研究都证明：本文所提出的网络凝聚度是现有各种系统属性所无法涵盖或替代的,是研究现实复杂系统所必需的新理论工具.     

Stability of ceftizoxime in aqueous solution

Summary Ceftizoxime, when assayed using the disc agar-diffusion method withBacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the indicator microorganism in buffered (pH 6) medium, retains its potency in aqueous solution at 4°C for about 3 months. Even after 4 months, some residual activity can be found. However, when this solution was assayed on the non-buffered medium, a seemingly quicker but misleading loss of potency was observed. This resulted from inadequate sensitivity of the assay. The sensitivity of the ceftizoxime assay was increased by lowering the incubation temperature from 37°C to 30°C. The pH- and incubation temperature-dependent potency must be kept in mind when assaying ceftizoxime.     

The association between N-acetyl-neuraminic acid and calcium ions in aqueous solution

Summary The conductances of aqueous solutions of the calcium salt of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA) an important constituent of glycolipids and glycoproteins have been measured over a range of temperature. The data are consistent with the formation of the Ca (NANA)⁺ ion-pair. Dissociation constants and thermodynamic parameters for the ion-pair have been derived.     

Unordered structured of proinsulin C-peptide in aqueous solution and in the presence of lipid vesicles

Proinsulin C-peptide ameliorates renal and autonomic nerve function and increases skeletal muscle blood flow, oxygen uptake and glucose transport in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These effects have in part been ascribed to the stimulatory influence of C-peptide on Na+,K+-ATPase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. To evaluate the capacity of C-peptide to insert into lipid bilayers and form ion channels, C-peptide secondary structure and membrane interactions were studied with circular dichroism spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. C-peptide is shown to lack a stable secondary structure, both when part of proinsulin and when free in aqueous solution, although the N-terminal third of the peptide exhibits an alpha-helical conformation in trifluoroethanol. Moreover, C-peptide remains disordered in the aqueous solvent in the presence of lipid vesicles, regardless of vesicle composition. In conclusion, C-peptide is unlikely to elicit physiological effects through stable conformation-dependent interactions with lipid membranes.     

改性秸秆膨胀床与固定床吸附去除SO_4~(2-)

含硫酸根离子(SO42-)废水可对环境造成危害,在排放之前需降低SO42-浓度.本文利用改性秸秆阴离子吸附剂制备吸附柱,分别在膨胀床和固定床操作下进行动态吸附实验,研究改性秸秆阴离子吸附柱去除SO42-的性能.结果表明,在改性秸秆膨胀床操作中,膨胀率随流速提高而线性增大;随膨胀率的增加,膨胀床去除SO42-的穿透时间缩短,柱吸附量降低,膨胀率不宜大于25%;在改性秸秆固定床操作中,随高径比的增加,吸附柱去除SO42-的穿透时间延长;而随进水SO42-浓度和流量的增加,床层工作时间显著缩短;在实验流量下,膨胀床的处理效果略优于固定床.SO42-解吸实验表明,0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液解吸效果最佳,是合适的吸附柱再生液.     

Cryo-bioorganic chemistry: freezing effect on stereoselection of l- and dl-leucine cooligomerization in aqueous solution

The chirality of l-/dl-leucine (50–50%) cooligomerization was investigated in liquid and frozen aqueous solutions. Cooligomerization was carried out by carbonyldiimidazole activation without initiator at an ambient (+22°C) and frozen (−18°C) temperature, respectively. The separated samples obtained after different time intervals of treatment were completely hydrolyzed (HCl) and the diastereomeric l- and d-leucine derivates of Marfey's reagent (1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-l-alanine amide) were then traced and evaluated by RP-HPLC analysis. After 9 days of oligomerization, the l-Leu content was slightly enhanced in the liquid (57%) and somewhat more enhanced in the frozen (64%) samples. After 17 days, however, the l-Leu content had decreased in the liquid (53%) and frozen (56%) conditions. These l-enantiomer amplifications indicate that an l-antipode is preferentially incorporated into the α-helical turn of the oligomer in the earlier stage of cooligomerization, while, later, the d-antipode is also incorporated. The role of ice in the improved stereoselection is discussed. This is the first recorded example of the effect of freezing on stereoselection. Received 27 October 2000; revised 11 December 2000; accepted 4 January 2000     

Process optimization of reaction of acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution

Silica is the major component of the acid leaching residue of asbestos tailing.The waterglass solution can be prepared by the reaction of the residue with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.Compared to the high temperature reaction method,this process is environmental friendly and low cost.In this paper,the reaction process of the residue and the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is optimized.The optimum reaction process parameters are as follows:the usage of sodium hydroxide is 26.4 g/100 g acid leaching residue,the reaction temperature is 90℃,the reaction time is 1 h,and the ratio of the liquid/solid is 2.0.The significance sequence of the process parameters to the alkali leaching reaction effect is the usage of sodium hydroxidethe ratio of the liquid/solidthe reaction timethe reaction temperature.The significance sequence to the leaching ratio of SiO2 is the ratio of the liquid/solidthe usage of sodium hydroxidethe reaction timethe reaction temperature.The significance sequence to the modulus of the sodium silicate is the ratio of the liquid/solidthe usage of sodium hydroxidethe reaction timethe reaction temperature.Under the optimum conditions,the leaching ratio of the SiO2 is 77.5%,and the modulus of the sodium silicate is 3.15.The XRD analysis result indicates that the major components of the alkali leaching residue are serpentine,talc,quartz and some albite.     

On the mechanism of the thermal decomposition of the peroxodisulphate ion in aqueous solution

Zusammenfassung Säurebildung als Zerfallsprodukt des Peroxodisulfations wurde in Gegenwart eines Radikalsammler mittels pH-stat-Technik untersucht: Die Säurebildung ist zu Beginn null. Dieses Ergebnis stützt die Theorie, wonach S₂O ₈ ^2– 2SO· ₄ ^– die Anfangsstufe der Zerfallsfolge ist.