烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

不同结构和形态的天然镁硅酸盐:与K反应制备生物柴油的K2MgSiO4催化剂

In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K₂MgSiO₄ phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K₂MgSiO₄ formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K₂MgSiO₄.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

粤北果树资源及栽培现状和前景

本文对粤北山区地带特定的自然环境条件,果树的品种资源及栽培现状进行调查分析,指出粤北果树发展中几个较为突出的问题。要发展粤北的果树经济,必须因地制宜,积极地,有计划地发展,才能形成有自己特色,系列配套的果树生产网络,促进粤北山区经济的发展。     

杯状树形对番木瓜产量和品质的影响

为延长番木瓜经济栽培寿命,选取‘马来西亚7号’、‘红妃’两个番木瓜品种为材料,比较斜拉矮化树形和杯状树形的单株平均产量、单株平均结果数、单果质量、可食率、果实可溶性固形物质量分数、果实维生素C质量比、果实氨基酸质量比、果实蛋白质质量比、单株经济效益.结果表明:随着树龄的增长,两个番木瓜品种两种树形的单株平均产量、单株平均结果数和单果质量呈下降趋势;两种树形对单株平均产量、单株平均结果数、果实氨基酸质量比无显著影响;杯状树形能保持与斜拉矮化树形相近的单果质量,提高两个番木瓜品种的果实可食率、果实可溶性固形物质量分数、果实维生素C质量比,可能提高‘马来西亚7号’的果实蛋白质质量比; 杯状树形在斜拉矮化树形3 a经济栽培寿命的基础上又延长3 a的经济栽培寿命.     

赤霉素对山楂叶片发育及光合速率的影响

山楂盛花期喷布50—70ppm赤霉素溶液,能增加叶面积和比叶重,但叶片内叶绿素含量略低于对照。赤霉素处理能提高山楂叶片的光合速率,对提高山楂座果率、提高产量有一定作用。     

果树分子育种研究进展

我国是果树产业第一大国,具有丰富的果树品种资源。随着市场需求和自然环境的变化,我国果树产业中出现了一些新问题和新需求亟待解决。深入研究和系统分析我国果树育种现状,并探讨未来发展方向十分必要。转基因技术、分子标记技术等分子育种技术具有周期短、效率高、定向育种精确度高等优点,将其应用于果树育种可以改良果品品质并增强产业竞争力,是现代果树改良育种研究的重要手段。结合我国果树产业现阶段存在的品种单一、品质下降、病虫害危害增加等实际问题,从改善果实色泽、果型、大小、风味、质地、香味、功能物质等果实品质相关性状,以及提高抗干旱、低温、高温等非生物胁迫和抗病虫害等生物胁迫能力出发,综述了现代分子生物学技术在果树育种中的应用进展、不足以及发展建议,认为我国果树分子育种应该以满足不同人群和不同用途需求为基础,培育多样化、个性化的品种;以优质绿色安全为发展方向,培育抗性好、适合省力化栽培的品种;要充分利用果树全基因组丰富的遗传信息资源,在基因组或系统水平上全面分析基因功能,以揭示果树生长发育、环境应答互作分子网络、代谢等分子机制,为果树定向育种奠定基础;同时应综合运用现代生物学等各种先进技术,提升育种效率,逐步缩短培育新品种的周期。     

花帅苹果化学疏花疏果的效应

以１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ敌百虫和１度的石硫合剂处理花帅苹果,其疏花疏果效应非常明显,大小年观象显著下降,平均单果重明显增长,而单用８００ｍｇ／Ｌ除虫菊酯效果不明显。     

河北省中南部山楂缺铁黄叶病的调查报告

本文报告了河北省中南部地区山缺铁黄叶病的发生状况、诱发因素以及它对树体生育性状的影响,并指出了山楂缺铁黄叶病的防治途径。     

当前果树生产存在的问题及对策

分析了我国果树生产的形势和存在的问题,从9个方面论述了我国果树生产发展的对策。     

美丽木棉种子快捷育苗的初步研究

The ways of shortcut cultivation on the floss-silk trees are discussed by contrast experiment of general cultivation and shortcut cultivation．The results of the experiments showed that the activity period of the seeds is shorter than that by general cultivation,seeding in time is very important for the height of bud ratio and the haleness of nursery stock after the seeds are took out from the fruit of the floss-silk tree．The important conditions of seeds germination in the process of shortcut cultivation are illumination,moisture,temperature and humidity．     

培育措施对华山松果材兼用林生长和果实产量的影响

分析了不同培育措施(土壤类型、整地方式、造林方式、造林密度、林分结构、营林措施)对华山松果材兼用林生长和果实产量的影响.结果表明:不同土壤类型、造林密度、林分结构和营林措施对华山松的树高、胸径、冠幅和果实产量的差异都达到极显著水平;不同整地方式和造林方式对华山松的树高、胸径、冠幅、枝下高及果实产量的差异都不显著.在此基础上,初步总结出营建华山松果材兼用林的关键技术措施.     

广西水果业的地域优势及其发展对策

本文阐述了广西发展水果业的地域优势，包括气候、宜果土地、果树资源及加工和运销条件等诸方面。