高发射率节能涂层的制备及性能研究

在耐火材料表面成功制备出新型高发射率节能涂层,涂层的发射率达到0.90,厚度约为300 μm.涂层与基体间有3 mm左右渗透层,基体到涂层的连续过渡层结构保证了涂层与基体间良好的黏结性能和优异的抗剥落能力.涂层在1 750 m3高炉热风炉上应用.结果表明,涂层能提高热风温度28 ℃,同时减小送风温度的波动.高发射率涂层强化了气-固相间辐射传热,提高了炉窑的热效率,从而缩短了加热时间、提高加热温度和降低燃料消耗.     

超细化辐射涂料的节能机理

从微观和宏观这两个角度分析了影响涂料发射率的主要因素,提出了一种新的黑体模型.理论分析和实际应用表明,涂料超细化可以有效地提高涂料的发射率.     

远红外辐射涂料的研制

本文介绍了一种远红外辐射涂料,由水溶性磷酸盐和陶瓷系远红外辐射材料组成。其在450℃时的分波段发射率可达0.92,与金属基村结合牢固,并具有良好的耐热性。抗热震性、耐水性、耐酸碱性和机械强度,可在450℃下长期使用。     

节能涂料在电阻炉上使用效果的理论分析

本文用有限差分法进行数值分析,从理论上详细分析用高黑度涂料涂复炉壁内表面、电热元件、或工件表面后,对电阻炉空炉升温和工件随炉升温时的影响规律。得出:(1)提高炉壁内表面或电热元件的黑度,不能缩短电阻炉的空炉升温时间和工件随炉升温时间,故不起节能作用;(2)炉壁内表涂以高反射率涂料后,可明显缩短工件随炉升温时间,但不能减少空炉升温时间;(3)提高工件表面黑度,不能明显缩短工件随炉升温时间。     

大型高炉热风炉技术的比较分析

高炉热风炉是炼铁厂高炉重要的附属设备,随着高炉热风炉技术的不断改进和提高,我国高炉热风温度已经逐渐得到了提高。高炉热风炉于二十世纪五十年代在我国得到应用,当时以内燃式热风炉技术为主,之后逐渐引入并开发了外燃式热风炉和顶燃式热风炉,技术逐步得到了提高。大型高炉热风炉以外燃式热风炉和顶燃式热风炉为主,比较典型的有外燃式热风炉Didier、NSC和顶燃式热风炉,该文主要比较分析了三种典型热风炉的本体结构,并对外燃式热风炉和顶燃式热风炉的速度分布、格子砖表面温度分布、风炉流场进行比较分析。     

新型碳化硅耐火材料侵蚀机理及高炉中部炉衬的选择

作者通过实验初步研究了两种高炉用新型耐火材料─—赛隆结合碳化硅砖和氨化硅结合碳化硅砖抗初渣、碱金属的侵蚀机理，为设计长寿高炉合理选择内衬提供依据。     

铅在高炉内的渗透机理

结合昆钢生产实际,对高炉内铅的渗透机理进行了系统的考察与研究.结果表明:高炉内铅不能简单地通过砖衬的原始气孔进行渗透.铅在高炉砖衬内的渗透行为主要是通过各种缝隙,特别是炉壳与砖衬之间的间隙而进行的.当耐火砖受侵蚀较严重时,铅进入砖内部并发生膨胀变形,进一步破坏耐火材料的组织结构.基于新的铅渗透机理,对高炉排铅孔设计理念进行了探讨,为铅负荷较高的高炉进行合理炉型设计、安全稳定生产和提高高炉寿命提供了参考依据.     

高压环境下高炉煤气化学反应机理敏感性分析及机理简化

为了解决数值研究过程中缺乏适用于高压条件下高炉煤气简化机理的问题,利用敏感性分析方法、借助一维层流预混反应器模型,分析了各基元反应对燃烧速率的影响程度。通过选取敏感性较大的反应并修正其在高压条件下的反应动力学参数,将详细反应机理简化为一套适用于常压至3 MPa燃烧环境下的18步简化机理。采用简化机理、GRI3.0机理和Davis机理分别对层流火焰速度、点火延迟和组分摩尔浓度等参数进行了计算并与实验数据进行了对比。结果表明,在常压及高压条件下18步简化机理获得的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,其为高压条件下高炉煤气等低热值气体燃烧特性的数值研究奠定了基础。     

BJ─Ⅰ红外节能涂料的研制

介绍一种在高温炉窑内衬表面刷涂的ＢＪ─Ⅰ红外节能涂料，对增黑剂，例如碳化硅等进行了探讨，得出了其加入量超过１２％时，发射率增加缓慢的结论。同时研究了涂料的粘附强度、防裂、防剥落等措施。ＢＪ─Ⅰ红外节能涂料对炉窑内衬有强烈的保护作用，延长使用寿命，提高黑度，增加热效，达到节能的目的。     

防火涂料炭质层形成及阻燃机理的研究

在高温或火焰下,涂层中的各主要组分均参与了炭化层的形成.本文借助傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、核磁共振(NMR)和热失重分析(TGA)等分析手段对炭质层的形成过程进行了表征,并探讨了相应的阻燃机理.实验结果表明涂层在膨胀成炭过程中通过气相和凝聚相阻燃机理实现了对基材的保护作用.     

Microstructure and properties of high emissivity coatings

A new coating on lining in industrial furnace for energy saving has been developed. Properties and microstructure of the coatings were revealed by emissivity instrument,X-ray diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM),respectively. The result indicates that the emissivity of coatings is higher than 0.90 and the thickness of coatings is about 200 μm. ZrO₂,Cr₂O₃ and SiC in the coating benefit practical applications of coatings at high temperature with durable high emissivity and the continuous structure between the coatings and the substrate makes the coatings high cohesion and excellent adhesion for both specimens with and without sintering at high temperature. Result from laboratory experiment shows that the heating speed of specimen with coating is higher than that of controlled specimen and the temperature increases 30℃ during the heating. The average temperature drop of specimen with coatings has a 13.5% improvement in the cooling speed. The application of coatings on the checker brick in a blast furnace of 1750m3 indicates that the coating causes the blast temperature to an average increase of 28℃,reduces the fluctuation of blast temperature before the blowing-in and leads to a fuel saving of 10% approximately.     

Design and calculation of low infrared transmittance and low emissivity coatings for heat radiative applications

The infrared transmittance and emissivity of heat-insulating coatings pigmented with various structural particles were studied using Kubelka-Munk theory and Mie theory. The primary design purpose was to obtain the low transmittance and low emissivity coatings to reduce the heat transfer by thermal radiation for high-temperature applications. In the case of silica coating layers constituted with various structural titania particles (solid, hollow, and core-shell spherical), the dependence of transmittance and emissivity of the coating layer on the particle structure and the layer thickness was investigated and optimized. The results indicate that the coating pigmented with core-shell titania particles exhibits a lower infrared transmittance and a lower emissivity value than that with other structural particles and is suitable to radiative heat-insulating applications.     

低发射率伪装绿色涂层的制备和性能分析

为了探索军用低发射率伪装材料,提出了复合结构设计的方法。选用具备可见光高透过和红外高反射特性的纳米锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO)薄膜,通过镀膜工艺对复合涂层的结构进行设计,从而达到光学与红外隐身兼容的目的。利用分光光度计、热成像仪及隔热测试装置对所制复合涂层样品的光学、红外和隔热效果进行测试,分析低发射率涂层对整体绿色涂层的光学及红外性能的影响。实验结果表明,采用复合结构设计后的绿色涂层样板的可见光透过率达到80%以上,红外反射率达到70%以上,在保证色彩饱和度的同时,发射率显著降低,达到了0.2。经过复合结构设计的绿色涂层拥有良好的红外伪装效果,能够较好地躲避红外侦察。     

Study of a ceramic burner for shaftless stoves

A multi-burner-port annular flameless ceramic burner (MAFCB) of the shaftless stove for blast furnaces was designed. The characteristics of pressure drop, homogeneousness of the flows at burner ports, and distribution of the flows in the chambers and joint were studied by cold model experiments. This type of ceramic burner was successfully applied in 6# blast furnace at Liuzhou Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. (LISC) and this practice proved that it could be used in the hot blast stove and other stoves with a higher efficiency and a higher steadiness of hot blast temperature at 1200℃. With the combustion of blast furnace gas alone, the thermal efficiency was up to 78.95%, saving energy remarkably.     

并联多筒体摇滚式混合机摆动机构节能设计

应用计算软件Matlab,根据矢量方程解析法对摇滚式混合机的摆动机构进行了分析,由摆动支架摆角变化求出其相应的摆动角速度和摆动角加速度,并计算出整个摆动部分的重心和转动惯,得到摆动所需功率。然后根据正负功叠加的方法,通过使用曲拐来设计并联多筒体摇滚式混合机,由程序实现对各种曲拐角度的试验,找出和功率最大值最小时的曲拐角度,得到设计方案。结果表明并联多筒体摇滚式混合机可以大大节省能量。     

高温作用对黏土抗剪性能影响及其机理分析

为了研究高温作用对黏土抗剪性能的影响,采用高温炉对土体加热至105℃、200℃、300℃、400℃、500℃和600℃,待冷却后重塑制样,通过三轴剪切试验、成分分析测试、粒度分布测试和扫描电镜观察等手段获得抗剪性能指标及其影响机理.研究表明:105℃与200℃处理土体抗剪性能指标基本不变.200℃后处理的黏土重塑样初始...     

循环流化床锅炉高温空气点火节能技术

研制的循环流化床高温空气点火装置具有节能和环保双重作用,获得显著的节能减排效果。     

可调节活动式破风圈减振机制与效果分析

钢烟囱作为圆截面高耸结构的形式之一,有着高度高,横截面积小的特点,风荷载是其控制荷载,在产生顺风向响应的同时横风向也会产生很大的动力作用,比较典型的是发生横风共振现象,其对结构带来的影响是不可忽视的。根据高耸薄壁钢烟囱的特点,采用有限元软件ADINA,通过对结构进行动力时程响应分析及圆柱绕流分析,提出一种可调节活动式破风圈,从而减小风致响应,计算了有无该措施结构的动力响应,并将两种结果进行对比研究。结果表明:安装该种减振措施后结构的动力响应有一定程度降低,减振效果明显,且当调节板长度为直径的2倍时,减振效果最佳,可为工程设计提供参考。     

Synthesis of NiCr<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> spinel coatings with high emissivity by plasma spraying

Air plasma spraying (APS) was used to produce high emissivity coatings with a NiCr₂O₄ spinel structure. The relationship between the emissivity and the crystal structure was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show that NiCr₂O₄ spinel has been fabricated with the space group Fd3m. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs show that the coating consists of a laminated structure with homogeneous grains and high porosity because of the unique feature of plasma spraying. The emissivity measurement and Fourier transformation infrared radiation (FT-IR) spectra show that NiCr₂O₄ has a high emissivity of about 0.91 because of its special spinel structure. APS is a suitable method to produce high emissivity coatings.