蓝黑墨水字迹褪变机理探讨

通过对蓝黑墨水字迹色素成分鞣酸铁和没食子酸铁的形成、结构、性质进行分析与研究,揭示引起蓝黑墨水字迹褪变的内因和外因.同时,对传统档案文献保护技术理论中蓝黑墨水字迹耐久性的归属提出不同看法,并提出不宜使用蓝黑墨水书写文件的建议及如何保护蓝黑墨水字迹档案文献的方法.     

溶压转印-灰度值比值法判定蓝黑墨水字迹的形成时间

蓝黑墨水是一种常见的书写色料,蓝黑墨水字迹的形成时间经常是判定文件真伪的重要依据之一。为研究通过溶压转印和photoshop软件测量灰度并计算灰度值比值的有机结合来判定蓝黑墨水字迹的形成时间,从而为可疑文件的形成时间判定提供一种有效的方法,选用鸵鸟牌和英雄牌2种蓝黑墨水、复印纸等4种纸张,分别制作蓝黑墨水书写的历时性样本,对制作的实验样本进行溶压转印,并对转印前后墨水笔画色料的多个位置的灰度值进行测量,计算灰度值平均值的比值。经过大量的实验,找到了溶压转印和灰度值测量的条件,找到了转印前后笔画色料的灰度值比值和书写时间之间的关系,绘制了关系曲线,并讨论了墨水和纸张种类对灰度值比值的影响。实验证明,溶压转印-灰度值比值法是判定蓝黑墨水字迹形成时间的一种切实可行的方法,为判定可疑文件的形成时间提供了一条有效途径。     

用薄层扫描仪-双溶剂溶解提取法鉴别蓝黑钢笔墨水字迹的相对书写时间

应用薄层扫描仪-双溶剂溶解提取法鉴别蓝黑钢笔墨水字迹的书写时间,为解决文件检验中鉴定蓝黑钢笔墨水字迹的书写时间这个难题提供了弱-强双溶剂的选定、取样方法、溶解方法、溶解时间、点样方法以及薄层扫描的条件,可以量化地确定蓝黑钢笔墨水的相对书写时间。实验随机选用了8种蓝黑墨水样品进行相对书写时间的鉴定,得到了良好的鉴别结果。     

利用透析法显现被涂抹掩盖的水溶性色料字迹

目的:解决被碳素墨水或墨汁涂抹掩盖的水溶性色料字迹难于显现的问题,考查其主要影响因素,介绍透析法显现涂抹掩盖字迹的机理和操作。方法:采用最新研制的透析液,利用透析法显现。结果:对被碳素墨水或墨汁涂抹掩盖的签字笔墨水及纯蓝、蓝黑墨水字迹进行了显现,讨论了不同品牌的墨水字迹、掩盖层厚度、字迹书写时间、纸张等条件因素对显现效果的影响。结论:利用新型透析液的透析法显现被涂抹掩盖的水溶性色料字迹获得了很好的效果,具有操作简便、显现速度快、显出字迹清晰、适用范围大、易于推广等优点。     

高效液相色谱法鉴别纯蓝墨水字迹的种类

蓝色墨水是人们在书写各种文书材料中经常使用的一种书写色料,在各种可疑文件的检验中,常常会遇到有关蓝色墨水字迹种类和形成时间的鉴定问题,因此建立一种准确、可靠的鉴定蓝色墨水字迹的种类和形成时间的方法是十分必要的。研究中利用反相离子对色谱法对纯蓝墨水字迹种类的鉴别进行了探索,实验中以甲醇-水(40∶60v/v,含离子对试剂,pH约为5.5)为流动相;检测波长为580nm,在此条件下对39种不同牌号、不同产地的纯蓝墨水字迹中的有色成分进行了分析。根据所得色谱图中色谱峰数目的不同可将其分为三大类;同类样品之间还可依据其峰形、相对峰高比或相对峰面积比的不同,进一步进行种类的鉴别。此方法的建立,为鉴定可疑文件中添加和涂改的纯蓝墨水字迹奠定了基础。     

硫化亚铁的热分析动力学

利用热重(TG)分析和差示扫描量热(DSC)法考察FeS受热氧化性质的特点,运用多升温速率法计算FeS的动力学参数.结果表明:FeS试样的DSC曲线有2个明显的峰,在143℃左右有1个由相变引起的吸热峰,在高温段有1个氧化放热峰;其TG曲线呈恒重→增重→失重→恒重的变化规律,但是氧化起始温度较高,氧化过程缓慢;FeS热分解反应的平均活化能为125.89 kJ/mol,指前因子为1.55763×1011s-1,其反应符合随机成核和随后生长动力学模型,最概然函数为G(α):[-ln(1-α)0.4124.     

用薄层扫描-染料比值法鉴定黑色签字笔字迹的相对书写时间

目的:准确确定案件中黑色签字笔字迹的相对书写时间。方法:薄层扫描-染料比值法。结果:首先,随时间的推移,字迹溶解液中部分染料斑点吸收峰之间的面积比值会发生固定的变化,要么越来越小,要么越来越大;其次,利用数理统计中的标准误差对实验规律进行定量分析,最终发现可鉴定相对书写时间的范围与标准误差直接相关,计算出的标准误差即为是否可鉴定相对书写时间的界限。结论:薄层扫描-染料比值法可以对不同纸张上、相对书写时间相差在39天以上同种品牌黑色签字笔字迹进行鉴定。     

麦秸与塑料复合间的热反应分析

运用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定和分析了乙烯-醋酸乙烯(EVA)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)塑料与麦秸之间的热反应特征.结果表明:麦秸与乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂复合后的人造板DSC曲线中出现了两个吸热峰,其熔点与乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂的熔点有差别.分析玻璃化转变温度(Tg)时发现:麦秸与乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂复合后的人造板在DSC曲线中的Tg已很难确定,而乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂的Tg温度范围比较明显,为33.4～50.5 ℃.麦秸与聚乙烯树脂复合后的人造板在DSC曲线中出现的熔点与聚乙烯树脂的熔点有所差别.同样以吸热峰的顶点为熔点,则前者的熔点约为131.5 ℃,后者的熔点约132.9 ℃.通过积分可知,前者的吸热量为后者的93.3%.聚氯乙烯树脂的Tg接近70℃,而在麦秸与聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)复合后的Tg很难确定.此外,两种材料的熔点也有较大差别.聚氯乙烯树脂在DSC曲线中,出现一个吸热峰,熔点约为86.0℃;而麦秸与聚氯乙烯树脂复合后的人造板的吸热峰有两个,熔点明显不同.应用熔点和玻璃化转变温度这两项高分子材料的重要指标对麦秸与EVA、PE、PVC之间的热反应特征进行分析,可以了解它们之间的反应状况.     

橡胶粉在热沥青中的溶胀降解特性分析

制备废胶粉改性沥青是实现废橡胶资源化利用及减轻环境污染的有效途径.为了研究胶粉在沥青中的物化行为以及对沥青的改性作用,分别在不同胶粉掺量、不同温度和处理时间条件下制备胶粉改性沥青,采用洗脱法分离胶粉后,使用光学显微镜测定胶粉粒径的变化,提出体积膨胀率表征胶粉在沥青中的体积变化;并对用筛析方法分离胶粉后的沥青样品,进行了红外光谱(IR)和差示扫描量热(DSC)分析.结果表明:制备胶粉改性沥青过程中,溶胀和降解是影响胶粉体积的两个重要因素,随着胶粉掺量增加、制备温度升高和处理时间延长,体积膨胀率均呈先增大后减小趋势;溶胀后的橡胶分子发生断链降解释放出小分子物质溶于沥青组分发挥改性作用,特征官能团吸收峰大幅增强;195℃,1.5 h和175℃,3.0 h制备的沥青样品DSC谱线出现了强烈的吸热峰,即处理温度过高或时间过长,可能发生胶粉过度降解、胶粉团聚或沥青老化行为,使胶粉改性沥青的物化状态发生改变,导致性能劣化.从胶粉溶胀与降解的角度,建议胶粉掺量在20%左右,处理温度不高于195℃,处理时间不超过1.5 h.     

银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯的热特征分析

研究银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯的热特征并探讨鉴定这些化合物的新方法.用热重分析法(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)分别对银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯进行热特征分析.所有样品的热重(TG)和微商热重(DTG)曲线都有各自的谱图特征,其DSC曲线的峰形、峰位置和峰值也有特征;银杏萜内酯A、B、C的稳定性较差,不能准确测得其熔点;白果内酯受热稳定,能够测得其熔点.利用TGA和DSC法容易鉴定银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯.用TG-DTG法对银杏萜内酯A、B、C和白果内酯在非等温条件下进行热分解动力学研究,把从TG-DTG曲线中得到的数据和30个不同的方程采用Achar微分法和Madhusudanan-Krishnan-Ninan(MKN)积分法对其进行非等温分解动力学研究,得到动力学参数活化能(E和指前因子A)和分解动力学机理及方程.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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