水热法合成染料敏化太阳能电池薄膜电极及其性能

目的研究不同水热反应条件对薄膜太阳能电池性能的影响,使其光电转换效率达到较高水平.方法采用通常的水热合成方法制备纳米Ti O2和掺Zn2+纳米Ti O2,用其组装染料敏化太阳能电池,利用紫外可见光谱测试分析不同薄膜样品对染料的吸附量和吸光特性,利用标准太阳光模拟器和数字源表测定电池的光电转换效率,利用扫描电子显微镜观察薄膜形貌.结果用180℃水热反应12 h合成的纳米Ti O2制作成的电池,所得光电转换效率最高可达到4.00%.用200℃水热反应12 h并且掺杂Zn2+的纳米Ti O2制作成的电池,所得光电转换效率最高可达3.65%.纳米Ti O2薄膜对染料的吸附量最高可达2.51×10-7mol/cm2.结论扫描电镜观察揭示出样品的孔结构丰富,有较小的粒径,说明水热合成法制备的纳米Ti O2薄膜电极具有较大的比表面积.当230℃水热反应12 h时,Ti O2薄膜对染料的吸附量最大.当180℃水热反应12 h时,染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率最大.Zn2+的掺杂并未改善薄膜电极的光电特性.     

纳米晶Fe-Ti-N软磁薄膜的研究

用射频反应溅射法制备了含Ti量高低不同的两种Fe Ti N合金薄膜 .研究发现 ,沉积态低Ti含量的薄膜是α Fe的多晶体 ,晶粒尺寸约 2 0nm ,沉积态高Ti含量的薄膜则是非晶结构 ,经适当热处理后 ,纳米晶α Fe从中晶化生成 ,晶粒尺寸约 10nm .和低Ti含量Fe Ti N薄膜相比 ,高Ti含量Fe Ti N薄膜显现出良好的软磁特性     

静电纺丝法制备Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米纤维及光催化性能研究

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、钛酸正丁酯和氯化铁为前驱体,利用静电纺丝法制备了Fe2O3/Ti O2复合纳米纤维.采用SEM,XRD,FT-IR和UV-Vis DRS等测试手段对纤维的形貌和结构进行了表征.通过对罗丹明B染料的光催化降解实验,探讨了煅烧温度和Fe2O3的含量对光催化性能的影响.结果表明:Fe2O3/Ti O2复合纳米纤维中Fe3+进入到Ti O2的晶格,从而改变了Ti O2的光谱响应范围.煅烧温度为600℃,0.5%(质量分数)Fe2O3含量的Fe2O3/Ti O2复合纳米纤维,在可见光范围具有良好的光催化活性.     

TiO_2纳米晶薄膜电极的瞬态光电流特性

采用 Ti Cl4 水解法制备 Ti O2 纳米微粒 ,并研究这种微粒形成的纳米晶薄膜电极的瞬态光电流特性 .利用能带模型和循环伏安特性讨论 Ti O2 纳米晶薄膜电极光生电荷的产生及转移动力学规律 .     

电纺煅烧制备TiO_2纳米纤维及其可见光光催化性能

采用静电纺丝-煅烧技术制备了Fe、C、N共掺杂Ti O2纳米纤维,并对其在可见光条件下降解亚甲基蓝模拟染料废水的性能进行了研究.探讨了Fe掺杂量和煅烧温度对Fe/C/N-Ti O2纳米纤维的可见光光催化活性的影响.结果表明,在nFe/nTi为1.5%、煅烧温度为400℃、煅烧时间为1 h的条件下,所制备的Fe/C/N-Ti O2纳米纤维的直径约为(110±50)nm,比表面积达127.48 m2·g-1,Ti O2晶相为锐钛矿相,且Fe、C、N分别以一定的形式掺杂于Ti O2晶格中.同时,在可见光光照2 h下,该纳米纤维对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解率可达98.3%,说明所制备的Fe/C/N-Ti O2纳米纤维具有较高的可见光光催化活性,有望在可见光光降解去除水中有机污染物中获得应用.     

四氧化三铁纳米粒子的简易合成法及其性能

以尿素铁配合物([Fe(CON2H4)6](NO3)3)为前躯体,采用溶剂热法和直接热分解法制备Fe3O4纳米粒子,并对两种制备方法进行了比较.用XRD、N2吸附-解吸、磁性测定和透射电镜等手段对制得的样品进行表征.结果表明,制备方法和制备条件对产物性能的影响较大;用溶剂热法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子的晶粒较小,具有超顺磁性;用直接热分解法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子的晶粒较大,具有强磁性.     

二氧化钛纳米棒薄膜的水热法制备及表征

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用水热法在透明导电玻璃FTO上制备了Ti O2纳米棒薄膜。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的结构和形貌进行了分析和表征,研究了反应液浓度和水热温度对薄膜结构和形貌的影响。结果表明,所制备的纳米棒薄膜均匀、致密、无可视缺陷。水热条件的改变,直接或间接影响了纳米棒晶体的初期成核和后期生长过程,最终形成不同结构和形貌的Ti O2纳米棒薄膜。由于Ti O2纳米棒薄膜稳定性好,光催化效率高和不产生二次污染,具有广泛的应用前景。     

BZT 25纳米粉体的制备及PVDF/BZT 25纳米复合材料的介电性能

通过一步水热法制备了BaZr0.25Ti0.75O3纳米粉体,所得纳米颗粒为均一球形,含钡、锆、钛和氧4种元素.对其成分分析表明,制备的纳米颗粒对应BaZr0.25Ti0.75O3.通过溶液铸膜法,将BaZr0.25Ti0.75O3纳米颗粒作为填充剂制备了PVDF/BaZr0.25Ti0.75O3纳米复合材料薄膜,并表...     

TiO_(2-x)纳米粒子薄膜型氧敏元件的性能

以钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇分别为前驱体和溶剂 ,添加适量稳定剂制成稳定溶胶 ,用浸涂法在 Al2 O3基片上制备 Ti O2 薄膜 ,经在 10 0 0℃氢气氛下还原制得 Ti O2 - x薄膜 .通过 SEM照片发现薄膜颗粒在几十纳米左右 ,颗粒分布均匀 .由 XRD分析 ,薄膜的 x值在 0～ 0 .5之间 .实验结果表明 ,Ti O2 - x薄膜在 80 0℃下具有良好的氧敏感性和响应特性 ,薄膜在 N2 条件下具有很好的电阻 -温度特性     

TiO_2纳米薄膜的制备与氧敏性能的研究

本文通过 Sol- gel法在 Al2 O3基片上制得了 Ti O2 纳米薄膜 ,经 XRD分析 ,薄膜具有多晶结构 ,其主晶相为金红石 .本实验还对 Ti O2 薄膜的氧敏特性进行了研究 ,实验结果表明 ,Ti O2 纳米薄膜在 80 0℃下具有良好的氧敏特性和重复性 ,并且具有较快的响应速度     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-