沙棘良种系统选育

采用引进种子苗木相结合的方法，对各沙棘种及亚种的生物学特性进行了观察，燕以省内种质资源丰富且已大量开发利用的中国沙棘的主要研究对象，系统地选育出了长势旺盛、果实性良好的五个优良家系和三十三个优良单株。     

核型分析技术在沙棘品种进化研究中的应用

以4个俄罗斯沙棘品种和2个中国沙棘优良品种为供试材料,对其染色体的核型特征进行分析,结果表明:6个沙棘品种全部由亚中部着丝点或中部着丝点组成,染色体数目为2n=24,核型的类型为2B和2A型。以上研究结果为沙棘种下类群划分以及沙棘育种材料的选择提供了依据;同时也为借鉴俄罗斯沙棘育种经验和不同地域和生态环境间的相互引种及驯化提供指导。     

提取黄酮类化合物的可行性研究

文中概述了国内外山楂、沙棘资源开发、利用、研究的状况，分析了这两种楂物体中具有药理功能的黄酮类化合物的结构和药用价值。针对我国目前对山楂、沙棘资源开发、应用偏重果实，忽视叶体的这一现状，提出了从山楂叶、沙棘叶和生产沙棘油的废渣中提取黄酮类化合物的研究课题，并对其可行性从四个方面进行了科学地分析与论证。(1)山楂、沙棘叶体与果实中所含有的活性物质成分一致。(2)这两种楂物叶体中的黄酮类化合物含量均高于果实中的含量。(3)提取工艺和技术简单易行。(4)原料来源充足、产品用途广泛，该项目有一定的经济效益和社会效益。     

四川优良小麦品种灌浆特性探讨

通过对四川几个优良小麦品种籽粒灌浆过程的Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程有关参数及茎叶干重动态变化的分析，提出了四川优良小麦品种选育中主要灌浆参数的建议指标，其中Ｔ（灌浆持续期）为４５ｄ左右，Ｒ（平均灌浆速率）不小于每天２．２％，Ｒｍａｘ不小于每天４．０％，分析同时表明，四川早熟小麦品种具有更多的优良灌浆特性。     

鄂西北主要造林树种耐旱生理特性分析

通过盆栽苗木水分胁迫试验,对鄂西北地区主要造林树种的耐旱生理特性进行了对比研究,着重分析了在水分胁迫条件下湿地松、杉木、刺槐、侧柏、沙棘(引种)、柠条(引种)等树种的形态、水分生理、生理代谢等指标的变化特征,并以此为依据,对以上苗木耐旱特性进行了综合评价。结果表明,6个供试苗木都具有较强抗旱性能,而其中柠条、侧柏抗旱能力比湿地松、杉木、刺槐、沙棘的要强。     

几种蓝莓果实性状及内含物的比较研究

为了解豫南地区引种蓝莓品种间品质差异,以薄雾、夏普蓝、奥尼尔、蓝丰、南金和北陆6个品种蓝莓为试材,通过测定其果实外观形态及内含物等指标,并进行比较分析.结果表明:(1)蓝莓果实的重量与横径、纵径、和果蒂痕都呈现极显著正相关,其中奥尼尔的果实单果质量最大.(2)蓝莓花色苷与可溶性固形物、还原糖和总酚都呈现显著正相关.各品种蓝莓的内含物存在显著差异.(3)奥尼尔和薄雾果实大,且各项内含物含量较高,适宜于鲜果供应;南金虽然在果实较小,但花色苷、总酸和总酚含量较高,可用于加工制品.     

蕹菜吸收和积累Cd和Pb能力的品种间差异

 选育和利用在受污染的土壤中可食部位污染物含量达到食品卫生标准的农作物品种,即污染对策品种（pollution safe cultivar, 简称PSC）,是降低污染物经食物链危害人类健康的有效手段。该研究以蕹菜为对象,通过盆栽试验研究了Cd、Pb胁迫下不同蕹菜品种对Cd和Pb吸收积累的差异并探讨了筛选镉、铅污染对策品种（Cd+Pb-PSC）的可行性。结果表明：①与对照相比,无论是Cd还是Pb胁迫,均未引起蕹菜茎叶生物量的显著下降,相反促进了大部分品种茎叶生物量的增加,表明蕹菜对土壤Cd和Pb胁迫有一定的耐性,这可能掩盖土壤受Cd和Pb污染的情况而增加蕹菜受Cd和Pb污染的风险;②在Cd、Pb胁迫下,供试蕹菜品种茎叶Cd、Pb含量品种间差异均达到极显著（P<0.01）,且第一茬与第二茬的茎叶Cd、Pb含量分别呈显著（P<0.05）和极显著（P<0.01）相关;③在供试品种中,有2个品种既是Cd-PSC又是Pb-PSC,可看作Cd+Pb-PSC。这表明蕹菜茎叶吸收积累Cd和Pb的特性具有可再现性,受遗传基因控制,因而选育Cd+Pb-PSC是可行的。     

煤矿复垦区土壤理化性质对沙棘果叶含水量的影响研究

沙棘是煤矿复垦区植被恢复和生态环境建设的先锋树种之一。果实含水量是沙棘果实利用价值的重要指标之一,而叶片含水量又影响沙棘的光合生长。因此,对沙棘果叶含水量进行研究具有一定意义。文中采用灰色关联分析法,探究煤矿复垦区林地土壤理化性质对沙棘果叶含水量的影响,得出如下结论:①在土壤物理性质中,土壤容重与中国沙棘、大果沙棘果实含水量的关系最密切,影响较大;毛管孔隙度与中国沙棘叶片含水量关系最密切,影响较大;土壤含水量与大果沙棘叶片含水量关系最密切,影响较大;②在土壤化学性质中,有机质与中国沙棘、大果沙棘果实含水量关系最密切,影响较大;有效磷与中国沙棘叶片含水量关系最密切,影响较大; pH与大果沙棘叶片含水量最密切,影响较大。该研究结论能为今后煤矿复垦区植被恢复重建、沙棘经济林营造以及调节沙棘果叶含水量提供数据支撑和科学依据。     

四平地区引种山葡萄的生物学特性及品质特征

山葡萄为葡萄科葡萄属的多年生落叶藤本植物,是重要的一种浆果类果树.本文通过对四平地区引种栽培的山葡萄物候期、产量、生长等基本情况及品质特征进行了分析.结果表明在引种到四平地区的山葡萄品种中,双红和双优两个品种的物候期情况接近,萌芽期在4月15~30日之间、开花期在5月5~10日之间、果实着色期在8月5~10日之间、果实成熟期在9月10~25日之间、落叶期在10月5~15日之间,而左优红和北冰红二个山葡萄品种的物候期要比双红和双优的物候期晚5~15天.四个品种所酿造的葡萄酒的酒精度数均在13度以上,果汁的含糖量在80 g/L左右,果实的出汁率在60%左右.本研究表明引种栽培到四平地区的山葡萄完全适应了本地土壤和气候条件.     

沙棘干缩病症状与发病规律及抗性品种初选

沙棘是重要的经济和水土保持植物,被称为沙棘癌症的干缩病是其主要病害。对沙棘干缩病的症状与发病规律进行了观测,并对不同沙棘品种的病情指数进行了调查。结果表明:沙棘干缩病发病初期,感染部位出现零星分布的黄色斑,随后叶片变黄、脱落,生长势减弱,果实不正常早熟,随着病情发展,感染部分树皮开裂、腐烂,导致植株死亡;干缩病侵染主要发生在树颈处,且主要发生在3龄以上的植株,树颈以上部分因干缩病死亡后并不影响根系重新萌发新植株,且同一基株上的不同分株感干缩病后的死亡互相影响较小。根据病情指数初选出的高度抗干缩病沙棘品种有亚历山大12号、中国无刺雄株和柳沙2号等,感干缩病沙棘品种有红毛雄株、橙色、柳沙1号和阿列伊等。这为认识和研究沙棘干缩病发病机制、克隆抗干缩病基因及培育抗干缩病沙棘品种提供了材料和研究基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~