论席勒对康德美学的继承与超越

法国资产阶级大革命的低潮使苦闷中的席勒转向了康德美学.他用艺术的自由游戏来改造康德的"美是无目的的合目的的普遍使人愉快的对象"这一命题,认为艺术可以培育完美的人性;用悲剧的崇高改造康德的另一命题"美是道德的象征",认为崇高和悲剧都是对感性痛苦的超越而引起的道德提升,使人在精神中得到自由和完善,并有助于人的审美教育.席勒美学通过提倡艺术和审美教育作用于社会与生活,使分裂的真善美走向统一,使悲剧与崇高等范畴真正进入美学的范畴体系,这些努力在一定程度上克服了康德美学的先天的抽象性和纯粹的思辨性.     

自然与自由和谐论——一个被遮蔽了的康德美学主题

康德美学主题一直是康德美学研究的核心问题。研究者们一般从康德哲学的角度去解释康德美学问题,他们认为康德美学是其哲学的一个重要组成部分,康德美学是用来沟通认识与道德之间的鸿沟的。而实际上,康德美学不仅起到了桥梁的作用,更起到了综合的作用。它通过＂自然与自由和谐论＂将纯粹理性和实践理性综合起来,其内在深意在于从人类学意义上完成其先验人类学的建构。其目标是用来沟通经验世界和超验世界,保持人的独立人格和尊严,从而完成自身道德人格的建构。但是由于康德是从先验的角度来阐释这一主题的,因而其美学是未完成的,但它却为未来美学的研究开辟了一个崭新的方向。     

从“无利害”到“似无用，非无用”——试论蔡元培对康德美学思想的吸收与改造

作为中国现代美学开创时期的重要人物,蔡元培深受康德美学思想的影响,主要表现在三个方面：一是知识与道德成为蔡元培接受康德的两个基本前提,二是蔡元培关注的核心问题是美感,三是蔡元培对康德的思想进行改造,提出“美育代宗教”。蔡元培根据自身的学术兴趣和中国现实需要对康德思想加以吸收改造,把无功利的美学变成了“无用之用”的美学,他的美学思想是中国现代启蒙思想文化的组成部分。     

康德美学并非形式主义

历来论康德美学者，多给其扣上一顶“形式主义”的帽子。的确，康德美学为形式主义留下了口实，但是，如果对康德美学进行全面、整体、客观的观照，我们会发现，康德美学本身并不是形式主义的。摘下形式主义的眼镜，我们将看到一个更加真实的康德。     

新世纪康德美学研究的新进展——评胡友峰著《康德美学的自然与自由观念》

胡友峰博士的新著《康德美学的自然与自由观念》是一部颇富新意的论著，反映了我国新世纪康德美学研究的新进展。康德美学研究在我国新时期一直是显学，其原因无疑是由于康德美学自身所特有的丰富性与魅力正好在很人程度上回答了我国美学研究领域长期以来所存在的许多困惑。     

席勒的审美人类学

席勒的美学著作是对18世纪人类境况反思的结晶，也是发挥康德以人为目的的哲学和美学的成果，它的中心旨意是通过美和艺术使人成为完整的、自由的、真正的人。因此，它实际上就是从审美关系角度研究人的问题的“审美人类学”。席勒提出了一些重要的审美人类学问题：美和艺术的人类学基础，美和艺术的人类学属性，美和艺术的人类学结构，美和艺术的人类学功能，美和艺术的人类学特征。     

浅析康德“无目的而合目的性”的实践困境及自我解决

在康德的关学体系中，“无目的性而合目的性”是审美判断的先天原理。然而，将这一原理作用于审美实践，却无法解决现实中大量“非纯粹美”的问题。针对这一实践困境，康德引入自由美与依存美的概念，将美学研究与审美实践截然分开，承认了审美在实践中的“有目的而合目的性”，并在此基础上实现了“美”沟通“真”与“善”的媒介作用。     

浅谈康德美学思想中的性别意识

康德是德国古典美学最重要的代表人物之一,他的美学思想对欧洲乃至全世界都有深远的影响。但是任何一种人文学说的命运一样,康德美学也是既有人赞成,也有人反对。特别是他关于女性的大量言论,更是成为女性主义美学家批判的目标。本文就是从这个角度来探讨康德美学中的性别意识。     

由康德的"审美无利害性"说起……

自从哥尼斯堡大哲学家康德在其<判断力批判>这部美学论著中将"审美无利害性"的命题作了系统、完整地论述后,"审美无利害性"就成为美学家的热门话题.审美有无功利性问题也成为美学界争论不体的话题.有人认为"审美无利害性"从根本上对审美知觉与非审美知觉作出区别,为美学创立了一个新的核心,从而将"美"的领域从"美即和谐"的领域扩展到"审美"的领域;也有人认为"审美无利害性"概念是传统美学与现代美学的分水岭.     

康德先验哲学的“最终目的”

“康德主义＝批判主义”的等式是哲学界所公认的。以往我国哲学工作者多是从主观唯心论、二元论、不可知论和辩证法等方面研究康德哲学的，忽视了康德在人类学方面的思想倾向。本文试图对康德的人学作一番探讨。康德认为，人性是自然性、文化性和道德性的统一，自然性、文化性从属于道德性。人性本质上是自由或道德性。“文化—道德的人”是自然的最后目的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of