茴香原生质体培养研究

以茴香（ＦｏｅｎｉｃｕｌｕｍｖｕｌｇａｒｅＬ．）幼苗茎切段在ＭＳ附近２，４－Ｄ１ｍｇ／Ｌ、６－ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上诱导产生愈伤组织，经４～５次继代后形成胚性愈伤组织。将胚性愈伤组织转至ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋２，４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋６－ＢＡ０．２５ｍｇ／Ｌ的液体培养基中培养，形成胚性细胞悬浮系。悬浮细胞在含有１．５％纤维素酶、１％果胶酶、０．５％蜗牛酶的混合酶液中酶解得到大量的原生质体，原生质体用修改的ＫＭ８Ｐ培养基中做液体浅层培养。２天后细胞发生一裂，两个月后形成０．５～１ｍｍ大小的小愈伤组织，转入含琼脂糖的固体培养基中３周后形成２～３ｍｍ的愈伤组织     

巴东红三叶愈伤组织的诱导和胚性细胞悬浮系的建立

以红三叶（Trifoliumpratense）野生品种巴东红三叶的叶片为外植体，在MB－1至MB－9的固体培养基上诱导愈伤组织，筛选出最佳培养基是MB－9培养基．愈伤组织形成以后，均经MB－9固体培养基上继代培养3～4次后，获得胚性愈伤组织，然后转至MB＋3mg／1.2，4－D＋0．7mg／LBA＋0．2mg／LNAA＋2mg／L甘氨酸十500mg／LCH＋3％蔗糖的液体培养基中，经强化培养两个月后，获得胚性细胞悬浮系．实验结果表明，缩短换液时间，即每隔3～4d换液一次，可加快胚性细胞悬浮系的建立．     

具高分化潜能的枸杞胚性悬浮细胞系的建立及保存

本文主要报道了具有高度植株再生潜能的枸杞优质胚性悬浮系的建立与保存方法．首次应用枸杞髓部组织诱导出Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织，Ⅱ型胚性愈伤组织在ＭＳ液体培养基中增殖快（３天即可加倍），分散好，两周左右即可建立起优质悬浮系；悬浮细胞在液体分化培养基中能得到大量的胚状体，未经过滤建立起的悬浮系比经过过滤建立起的悬浮系能得到更多的胚状体．长时间悬浮培养后，枸杞胚性悬浮系再生能力下降，在固体培养基上培养一段时间后，转回液体培养基可使再生能力得以保持与恢复     

曲阜香稻胚性愈伤组织培养及悬浮细胞系的建立

水稻 (OryzasativaL .)曲阜香系 10 3成熟胚在MS1培养基上诱导培养 ,初始愈伤组织为深黄色、瘤状 ,非松脆类型 .当在MS2 培养基上继代培养 ,经 3～ 4月初始愈伤组织转变为浅黄色、小颗粒状 ,松脆型胚性愈伤组织 .将胚性愈伤组织置于液体培养基中悬浮培养 ,经 4月多可得分散性好、生长快的胚性悬浮细胞系 .     

籼稻9311成熟胚再生体系

建立9311水稻高效再生体系,将有利于人们以9311水稻为受体进行遗传改良及籼型水稻基因功能的研究．报道了9311成熟胚高效再生途径．以9311成熟胚为外植体,设计了5类（N6DP,N6DA,MSDP,MSDA和MSDAP）共13种不同愈伤组织诱导培养基,比较了9311成熟胚在不同培养基中愈伤组织的诱导以及初始愈伤组织被继代后的表现．结果显示：9311成熟胚在添加2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）的所有培养基中都能够形成愈伤组织;将最初被诱导的愈伤组织进行继代培养,在前4类培养基上诱导的初始愈伤组织,不论被分别继代于与原培养基成分相同的新鲜培养基上,还是被继代于MSDAP培养基上,继代后的愈伤组织都相继褐化死亡,而将从MSDAP培养基上诱导的初始愈伤组织继代在MSDAP培养基上,愈伤组织很少出现褐化现象,并且能够较快地增殖．由此表明,MSDAP培养基是9311成熟胚合适的愈伤组织诱导培养基和增殖培养基．采用MSDAP培养基培养,9311水稻成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率达87．5％．分化率为46．7％．再生植株的比例为23．3％、     

甘薯胚性悬浮系的建立及其细胞生长特性研究

徐薯18叶片接种在附加2mg/L,4-D的MS固体培养基上，形成了质地松散的胚性愈伤组织，胚性愈伤组织在附加1mg/L,2,4-D的MS液体培养基中进行悬浮培养，建立了增殖迅速、分散度良好的具有较高体胚分化能力的细胞悬浮系。小型细胞团（直径小于350μm）以2％－4％的接种量转移到无激素MS液体培养基中，可分化出大量体胚。在继代初期，悬浮系pH值呈下降趋势，细胞处于旺盛分裂时期，导致悬浮系鲜质量、干质量、细胞紧实体积（PVC）的显著升值；4d以后，pH值逐渐回升，细胞分裂缓慢而体积增长迅速，导致鲜质量、PVC增加而干质量少有变化；6d以后pH值继续回升而细胞分裂和生长受到明显抑制。     

玉米细胞悬浮系建立和单细胞培养影响因素的研究

以玉米幼胚为外植体进行离体培养,获取愈伤组织,建立悬浮细胞系.试验结果表明:基因型无论是对细胞悬浮系建立还是对单细胞培养都有很大影响;改良1/2B5培养基用于细胞悬浮培养能获得良好的细胞生长与分裂;继代培养时间以及大量元素减半都影响玉米悬浮细胞的生长.     

枸杞髓部细胞悬浮培养及其高频率植株再生的研究

分离优质枸杞单细胞在含不同激素的４种ＭＳ培养基上都诱导出了愈伤组织，诱导频率５６．７％￣９５．７％；愈伤组织经２￣３次继代培养后，再在液体培养基中进行振荡悬浮培养，建立稳定的单细胞悬浮系。经分化培养、生根培养得到了完整的再生植株。     

丰抗8号小麦悬浮细胞系的建立及遗传转化的初步研究

以丰抗８号小麦的幼胚为起始材料,建立了胚性悬浮细胞系．幼胚的取材时期、培养基的成份和选择继代的方法有明显的影响．取开花后１２～１４ｄ的幼胚、增加无机盐离子和还原态氮的用量、挑选鲜黄致密及松脆类型的愈伤组织能显著地抑制空瘪型、长条型、弯弓形等不良细胞类型出现的频率,促进细胞向圆球型方向分裂生长．通过３个月的选择继代培养,获得了理想的松散状胚性愈伤组织;再经过ＭＳ２Ｌ和ＡＡ液体培养,约２个月后,建立起分散性好、颗粒小、增殖快的小麦悬浮细胞系．以新建立的胚性悬浮系为材料,进行基因枪转化,获得了ＧＵＳ报告基因的短暂表达,平均短暂表达频率为１７．１％．就如何筛选转基因小麦进行了讨论．     

红三叶和白三叶愈伤组织的诱导和胚性细胞悬浮系的建立

以红三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍｐｒａｔｅｎｓｅ）野生品种巴东红三叶的叶片为外植体,在ＭＢ－１至ＭＢ－９的固体培养基上诱导愈伤组织,筛选出最佳培养基是ＭＢ－９培养基．以白三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍｒｅｐｅｎｓｅ）裁培品种“路易斯安娜”和“Ｈｕｃａ”的叶片为外植体,接种在ＭＢ－９固体培养基上诱导愈伤组织．愈伤组织形成以后,均在ＭＢ－９固体培养上继代培养３～４次后,获得胚性愈伤组织,然后转至ＭＢ＋３ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ＋０７ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ＋０２ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋２ｍｇ／Ｌ甘氨酸＋５００ｍｇ／ＬＣＨ＋３％蔗糖的液体培养基中,经强化培养,２个月后,获得胚性细胞悬浮系．实验结果表明,缩短换液时间,即每隔３～４ｄ换一次,可加快胚性细胞悬浮系的建立．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with