基于多传感器抗差融合的UKF弹道跟踪算法

弹道跟踪测量过程中,由于环境的复杂性和测量机制自身的问题,测量数据不可避免存在异常值等.传统的加权观测融合估计算法往往直接对来自各个传感器的测量数据进行处理,忽略了数据质量问题对滤波精度的影响.为解决此问题,在加权观测融合算法的基础上引入抗差估计理论,根据观测融合值与融合预测值,计算测量融合残差向量、抗差权重因子和融合观测向量等价协方差阵,实现了异常值的实时分离与修正,解决了融合过程中由于测量数据存在污染导致弹道数据处理精度下降的问题.同时引入平方根滤波思想,避免了常规UKF中误差协方差矩阵非正值引起的滤波散度问题.仿真结果表明该算法估计精度高,计算负担小,能有效地减小测量误差对弹道定轨精度的影响.     

基于M估计的自适应鲁棒平方根连续 离散CKF算法

针对测量中出现的异常情况,提出了一种基于M估计的自适应鲁棒平方根连续 离散容积卡尔曼滤波算法。该算法将目标跟踪问题建模为连续 离散时间模型,将改进的M估计的思想融入连续 离散容积卡尔曼滤波算法当中,通过Mahalanobis距离对异常测量进行门限判别,引入校正因子,根据观测残差自适应地调整观测噪声协方差矩阵的大小,进一步提高滤波算法的鲁棒性;通过将连续 离散模型与校正因子结合,实现了滤波精度和抗异常测量值的统一。仿真结果表明,与传统鲁棒算法相比,该算法在单点测量异常和多点测量异常的条件下都能够更加准确地对目标进行跟踪,且鲁棒性更强。     

含预测和容错的自适应Kalman目标跟踪

针对模型不准确时,传统Kalman滤波目标跟踪算法精度有限甚至发散的问题,研究了基于新息协方差在线匹配技术的自适应Kalman滤波算法,提高跟踪精度;并以Kalman滤波估计的目标位置为基础,利用一步Kalman预测得到下一时刻目标可能的位置范围,避免对整幅后帧图像进行遍历搜索,减小了计算量;为了避免存在干扰时异常量测对目标跟踪的影响,研究了量测信息异常检测算法,以Kalman预测的量测代替异常量测,增强抗干扰能力。实验证明,所提算法能够有效提高目标跟踪的精度和鲁棒性。     

改进的AUKF锂电池SOC估算算法研究

为了能够精确地估计锂电池的电池荷电状态(SOC),考虑了影响电池SOC估计精度的主要因素及传统电池SOC估计的优缺点,在自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波(AUKF)的基础上,提出了一种改进的AUKF算法,并且对影响SOC估计的主要因素在算法上进行了参数校正。该算法基于电池的二阶RC等效电路模型,把每次测量的输出偏差协方差作为噪声协方差,得到改进的AUKF算法,使得噪声的协方差能够随着时间进行更新,解决了噪声的协方差为常量带来误差的问题。实验结果表明,利用改进后的AUKF算法可以精确地估算出电池SOC值。     

面向连续离散系统的自适应最大相关熵滤波算法

针对目标跟踪中运动模型不精确和测量异常导致的传统滤波算法精度下降问题,提出了一种鲁棒平方根连续-离散自适应最大相关熵容积卡尔曼滤波(RSRCD-AMCCKF)算法。在目标跟踪问题中采用了精度更高的连续-离散时间模型,提高了目标跟踪的解算精度;将加权最小二乘方法与传统最大相关熵准则相结合,得到改进的相关熵代价权函数,之后引入连续-离散时间滤波框架,提高了滤波算法在测量异常情况下的鲁棒性;以高斯核函数作为相关熵的调整因子,依据不同测量环境选择自适应因子,进而对观测噪声的协方差矩阵进行调整。仿真结果表明：与传统算法相比,当测量噪声为高斯噪声时,RSRCD-AMCCKF算法对目标位置和速度估计的精度分别提高了38.4%和27.3%;当测量噪声为非高斯噪声时,RSRCD-AMCCKF算法对目标位置和速度估计的精度分别提高了23.5%和23.9%;当测量值发生突变时,RSRCD-AMCCKF算法对目标位置和速度估计的精度分别提高了12.6%和7.1%。RSRCD-AMCCKF算法在各类测量条件下都具有更高的精度和鲁棒性,更接近目标跟踪的克拉美罗下界,能够较好地实现滤波精度和抗异常测量的统一。     

未知噪声协方差的自适应容积卡尔曼滤波

针对噪声协方差不确定情况下容积卡尔曼滤波解决非线性目标跟踪中存在的问题,提出了一种优化的自适应容积卡尔曼滤波.首先根据新息序列和残差序列导出的线性矩阵方程得到噪声的协方差,基于新息序列与残差序列的相关性,推导出一种新的过程噪声协方差Q估计方法;然后采用残差序列对测量噪声协方差进行估计,利用加权因子将当前的噪声协方差矩阵与估计值组合成为新的测量噪声协方差阵R,有效避免了不准确状态估计的局限性.仿真结果表明:在时变噪声协方差的条件下,所提出的自适应容积卡尔曼算法的跟踪精度明显提高.     

基于支持向量回归机的自适应差分滤波算法研究

针对差分滤波(DDF)算法存在因噪声统计特性与实际不符而导致的滤波精度降低甚至发散的问题,提出了一种基于支持向量回归机的自适应差分滤波(SVRADDF)算法.将测量值的新息协方差与理论协方差之间的差值作为支持向量回归机的输入、输出调节噪声统计特征的自适应因子,实时修正DDF噪声协方差,根据实际噪声变化调整噪声协方差矩阵,从而提高滤波精度.针对水下目标纯方位角跟踪系统的蒙特卡洛仿真实验表明,在相同初始噪声特性条件下,所提出的SVRADDF算法具有较好的估计效果和鲁棒性,估计精度、稳定性及收敛时间等性能明显优于单纯DDF算法.     

一种基于角度测量估计飞行目标运动参数的新方法

针对伪线性参数估计的实时性问题,提出了一种基于角度测量的飞行目标运动参数实时估计、跟踪算法.该算法对角度量测方程在当前飞行目标运动参数估计值附近进行泰勒级数展开,得出该时刻飞行目标的运动参数估计值与角度测量值之间的线性关系.在此基础上,利用最大似然估计法对估计值和估计误差协方差矩阵进行实时更新,再将更新值带入目标运动状态方程,以获得下一时刻的估计值和估计误差协方差,从而实现了飞行目标运动参数的迭代估计.仿真实验表明,所提算法可实现空中飞行目标的实时定位和位置、速度运动参数的实时估计,且无需存储大量的历史数据,其与伪线性参数估计算法相比,计算效率可提高50%.     

基于分离协方差交叉的全局反馈航迹融合

针对多传感器数据融合中互协方差未知的问题,提出了一种基于分离协方差交叉的全局反馈航迹融合方法,将误差协方差矩阵分离为相关信息误差协方差矩阵和独立信息误差协方差矩阵.在此基础上,提出了分离形式的卡尔曼滤波算法,并设计了全局信息反馈的分布式融合结构,克服了简单凸组合融合算法和协方差交叉算法中将所有的信息一起考虑的缺陷.仿真实验表明:本文算法比简单凸组合融合算法和协方差交叉融合方法具有更小的均方误差.     

基于四元数EKF算法的小型无人机姿态估计

针对小型无人机设计的姿态测量系统,提出一种用于小型无人机姿态估计的四元数扩展Kalman滤波算法.该算法通过建立四元数姿态运动模型和航姿传感器测量模型,构建了以四元数和陀螺仪随机漂移为状态向量、以加速度计测量值和磁阻仪解算的航向角为观测向量的扩展Kalman滤波器,并设计了自适应测量噪声协方差矩阵修正法.实验结果表明,该算法不但解决了微机电系统惯性器件用于载体姿态测量时精度低、易发散、易被干扰的问题,而且显著减小了陀螺仪随机漂移对姿态估计的影响,有效提高了姿态估计的精度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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