计算炸药爆速的新方法

根据化学动力学原理和炸药爆轰反应机理，发展了一种根据炸药分子中原子的种类和数目及装药密度计算炸药爆速的新方法、对大量炸药的计算结果表明，爆速计算值与实验值的一致性令人满意。本方法的提出，不仅提供了一种计算炸药爆速的新方法，而且对探索新型高能炸药具有一定的指导意义。     

计算炸药爆速的新方法

根据化学动力学原理和炸药爆轰反应机理 ,发展了一种根据炸药分子中原子的种类和数目及装药密度计算炸药爆速的新方法 对大量炸药的计算结果表明 ,爆速计算值与实验值的一致性令人满意 本方法的提出 ,不仅提供了一种计算炸药爆速的新方法 ,而且对探索新型高能炸药具有一定的指导意义     

玻璃微球敏化乳化炸药爆速特性

建立了乳化炸药实验室制备工艺，并自制了玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药试样，通过对试样的爆速测试，研究了乳化炸药爆速与其密度及玻璃微球含量等因素的关系，分析了这种工业炸药爆速的特点，结果表明，这种乳化炸药的爆速随其密度的增大而增大到最大值后逐渐降低，直到被压死。     

多元炸药装药冲击起爆的数值模拟

对多元炸药装药的冲击起爆过程进行了数值模拟研究,得到了改变炸药装药层叠顺序后的压力时程曲线．通过分析比较发现：当起爆过程从高爆速炸药传入低爆速炸药时,压力波形过渡平稳,在低爆速炸药到达CJ点时会出现短暂的超压爆轰现象;当起爆过程从低爆速炸药传入高爆速炸药时,会出现回爆现象,压力波形出现双峰,这对于被驱动系统的二次加载是有价值的．     

玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药数学模型

通过建立玻璃微球型乳化炸药爆轰反应数学模型,从微观力学角度分析研究了玻璃微球敏化的乳化炸药爆轰机理,理论计算了其爆轰反应区长度、爆轰反应时间以及爆压、爆热、爆速等爆炸特性参数,计算结果与实验结果能够较好地吻合.研究结果表明乳化炸药爆轰反应区宽度和爆轰反应时间随着装药密度的增加而增加,其中爆轰反应区宽度的增加是导致乳化炸药爆速不随装药密度线性增加的主要原因.     

圆柱形炸药空爆在近场空间的超压估算公式

圆柱形炸药空爆后在近场空间会形成强度不均匀的超压场,在相同等效衰减距离、不同空间角度上的近场超压可相差数倍甚至一个量级以上. 为了准确、快速地评估圆柱空爆近场超压强度及分布差异给近场不同区域毁伤效应和防护效果带来的影响,在圆柱空爆近场实验数据匮乏的情况下使用经过实验效验的模拟数据来补足样本空间,通过数据拟合的方式给出了圆柱装药空爆在较小等效衰减距离下的超压估算公式. 首先,通过与球形装药下的经验公式和圆柱装药下的实验结果对比,分别验证了模拟结果在球形和圆柱装药情况下均具有一定置信度;之后,以二次多项式的形式拟合得到了圆柱空爆近场超压估算公式,并给出了6种不同长径比圆柱空爆在不同空间位置上超压的实验结果与估算公式结果的对比. 结果表明,估算公式可在较小误差范围内给出炸药空爆在近场空间任意位置上的超压,其经实验校验具有一定置信度的适用范围是圆柱长径比为1/4~4、等效衰减距离为0.2~2.0 m/kg1/3.      

液体燃料爆炸抛撒的近场阶段研究

该文描述了燃料空气炸药（ＦＡＥ）装置在中心装药爆轰产物推动下，液体燃料在抛撒近场阶段加速过程的一维柱对称运动。给出了液体径向运动速度随半径 关系，以及液体所能的最大速度值。发现这个速度值和中心装药爆速，装药质量与燃料质量比的平方根成正经，为进一步研究液体的破碎提供了重要线索，并为远场分析提供初始速度估计。     

新型高威力含铝硝铵炸药的研究

该文以一种含有大量微气泡、自身敏化的膨化硝酸铵为氧化剂,以木粉、燃料油和铝粉为还原剂,制成新型高威力含铝硝铵炸药,通过建构含C、H、O、N、Al元素工业炸药炸药方设计最优化的数学模型,计算得到含铝硝铵炸药的较佳配方为硝酸铵85.5%-89.5%、木粉3.5%-4.5%、复合油相2.0%-3.0%、铝粉5.0%-7.0%,该炸药的爆炸性能为：装药密度0.91-95g/cm^3,爆速3600-3800m/s,列爆距离12-14cm,猛度16-17mm,作功能力370-390mL,文中还讨论了含铝硝铵炸药中铝粉含量与爆炸性能的关系,结果显示当铝粉含量为6.5%-7.0%,炸药作功能力达到最大值。     

超细钝感HMX小尺寸沟槽装药爆轰波传播速度的测试与分析

为了研究超细钝感HMX在小尺寸沟槽装药条件下爆速与装药尺寸的关系,设计加工了实验基板,建立了爆速测试方法,分别测定了不同沟槽尺寸下的爆速. 通过对数据进行分析处理,得出了超细钝感HMX的极限爆速为8.56mm·μs-1,极限尺寸为1.2mm×1.2mm,并分别给出了该炸药装药爆速与装药尺寸关系的半经验与经验关系式,为该炸药在微火工领域的应用提供了依据.     

最大熵原理在钝感熔铸炸药配方设计中的应用

针对含HMX或RDX的熔铸炸药降低冲击感度、提高使用安全性的需要,以最大熵为评价准则提出了钝感熔铸炸药的配方设计方法,并以此方法获得了能量和安全性俱佳的钝感熔铸炸药配方.选取NQ/HMX/TNT-36.1/33.9/30.0和NQ/RDX/TNT-34.5/25.5/40.0配方制备熔铸装药试样并进行爆速和枪击感度测试,结果显示两试样分别相对Octol 70/30和Cyclotol 60/40爆速仅降低2%～4%,但枪击感度大幅度降低,说明两试样在能量损失较小的情况下安全性大幅度提高,使能量和安全性俱佳,证明了本配方设计方法的可行性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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