基于二维灰度熵及混沌粒子群的图像阈值选取

为了同时考虑直方图的概率信息和类内灰度级的均匀性,提出了基于灰度级-梯度二维直方图的Shannon灰度熵及Tsallis灰度熵阈值选取方法.给出了Shannon灰度熵和Tsallis灰度熵的定义及其一维阈值选取方法,导出了二维Shannon灰度熵及Tsallis灰度熵阈值选取公式及其快速递推算法,并利用混沌粒子群算法寻求两种阈值选取方法的最佳阈值.实验结果表明,与基于改进的二维最大熵及粒子群递推的阈值选取方法相比,所提出方法的分割图像能更准确地反映原始图像的边缘、纹理及细节信息.     

基于混沌弹性粒子群优化与基于分解的二维交叉熵阈值分割

为了提升二维交叉熵阈值分割法运行速度,提出了基于混沌弹性粒子群优化（CRPSO）和基于分解的2种二维交叉熵阈值分割算法.前者利用CRPSO算法寻找二维交叉熵法的最佳分割阈值,并采用递推方式避免迭代过程中适应度函数的重复计算,使运算速度大大提高;后者将二维交叉熵法的运算转换到2个一维空间上,计算复杂度由O(L2)进一步降为O(L).实验结果表明,2种算法能够在保证分割效果达到或优于现有二维交叉熵阈值分割法的前提下,运行时间大幅减少.     

基于混沌粒子群优化算法的二维熵图像分割方法

针对二维熵图像分割方法在求取最佳阈值时存在计算量大及微粒群算法容易陷入局部最优且速度较慢等等问题,提出了基于混沌粒子群优化算法的二维熵图像分割方法。该方法考虑了图像中像素点灰度——邻域灰度均值对作为阈值对图像进行分割;利用混沌运动随机性、遍历性和初值敏感性,将混沌粒子群优化算法与阈值法相结合在二维空间作全局搜索。实验结果表明了基于混沌粒子群优化算法的二维熵图像分割法用于阈值寻优减少了搜索时间,提高了收敛率。     

基于倒数交叉熵的改进脉冲耦合神经网络图像分割算法

针对脉冲耦合神经网络(pulse coupled neural network,PCNN)模型需要人工方式确定循环迭代次数,以及香农熵定义中基于对数函数存在零点处无意义的缺陷和对数运算影响处理速度等问题,提出了一种基于最小倒数交叉熵自适应生成迭代次数的PCNN图像分割算法.首先,对传统的PCNN模型进行简化,并对神经元的反馈输入函数、连接输入函数和动态阈值函数进行修正;然后,应用二维倒数交叉熵的分解算法,通过两个一维倒数交叉熵的组合获得二维倒数交叉熵;最后,采用最小倒数交叉熵准则确定PCNN网络的循环迭代次数,实现对图像的最优分割.仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于二维Arimoto灰度熵的图像阈值分割快速迭代算法

现有的Arimoto熵阈值法仅依赖于灰度直方图分布,且计算最佳阈值时需搜索整个解空间,效率不高.为此,文中提出了一种二维Arimoto灰度熵阈值分割的快速迭代算法.首先,提出了一维Arimoto灰度熵阈值选取的快速迭代算法;然后,考虑图像目标和背景的类内灰度均匀性,导出了基于灰度-平均灰度级直方图的Arimoto灰度熵阈值法,并给出了中间变量的快速递推公式;最后,提出了二维Arimoto灰度熵阈值选取的快速迭代算法,推导了相应的公式,大大减少了运算量.实验结果表明,文中所提算法运行速度快,分割性能优于现有的5种同类阈值分割算法,分割后图像中的目标完整,边缘纹理清晰,细节更为丰富.     

基于RCPSO和灰度级-梯级二维Tsallis熵的图像分割

首先提出了基于灰度级-梯度二维Tsallis熵法,以提高分割结果的准确性,然后利用混沌粒子群优化算法寻找分割阈值,最后提出递推方法以减少迭代过程中适应度函数的大量重复计算.实验结果表明,基于递推混沌粒子群优化算法(RCPSO)和灰度级-梯级二维Tsallis熵法及不仅尽可能地考虑了所有目标点和背景点,使分割后的图像区域内部均匀、边界形状准确、特征细节清晰,而且粒子群处理的计算效率和收敛精度进一步提高.     

白腐真菌的培养及其在染料污水脱色中的应用

阈值法是图像分割最为常用的方法之一,然而基于一维直方图的阈值方法分割结果容易受噪声的影响.基于二维直方图的二维Fisher准则能够克服一维阈值法缺陷,具有较好的分割性能.但是二维Fisher准则阈值法在求取最优阈值时需要大量的计算,运算速度非常慢.常用的二维Fisher准则阈值优化计算方法如粒子群算法和遗传算法容易陷入局部最优.杜鹃搜索算法是新近提出的一种元启发优化算法,一些经典的函数优化问题测试结果表明杜鹃搜索算法全局寻优能力优于粒子群算法和遗传算法.在介绍杜鹃搜索算法的基础上,提出一种基于杜鹃搜索算法改进的二维Fisher准则阈值分割方法.实验结果证明,提出的方法降低了基本二维Fisher准则阈值法最优阈值的寻找时间,提高了图像分割的实时性,是一种性能良好的图像分割方法.     

二维Tsallis熵阈值法中基于粒子群优化的参数选取

针对二维Tsallis熵阈值分割法中参数q的选取问题,提出一种粒子群优化算法自适应选取参数q的方法.该方法基于一种图像分割质量评价指标—均匀性测度,利用粒子群优化算法对参数q在参数空间进行优化搜索,从而实现了二维Tsallis熵阈值分割法的自动阈值选取.实验表明,所提出的方法可以根据具体的图像有效地选取参数q,获得理想的图像分割结果.     

融合二维条件熵和脉冲耦合神经网络的图像分割算法

为了在中强度背景噪声图像分割下提高分割精度和处理速度,提出了一种融合二维条件熵和脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)的图像分割算法。该算法在分析PCNN阈值衰减规律的基础上,将原指数形式替换成线性衰减机制,构成线性门限-脉冲耦合神经网络模型,以降低循环迭代的总耗时量。此外,借助能够很好反映图像边缘细节等局部结构信息的灰度-梯度共生矩阵,将抗噪性能强的条件熵扩展为二维测度,进而形成最大二维条件熵客观判决准则以获得PCNN的最佳阈值。实验表明,与基于交叉熵的PCNN算法相比,本文算法拥有更强的抗噪鲁棒性,同时处理效率也得到明显提升。     

基于二维灰度直方图的最小模糊熵分割方法

本文在一维最大模糊熵分割方法的基础上，根据图像目标和背景内部像素灰度值的一致性和集中性，提出了一种新的图像分割隶属度函数，从而得到最小模糊熵分割方法．本文还针对传统的基于一维灰度直方图的模糊熵分割方法不能反应图像的空间信息，抗噪声能力差的缺点，提出了基于二维灰度直方图的模糊熵分割算法．本实验结果证明，最小模糊熵分割方法对于某些图像的分割效果要好于最大模糊熵分割效果，而二维分割方法对于绝大多数图像，都具有很强的鲁棒性和抗噪能力，分割效果明显优于一维的方法，而且方便地推广到其他的一维熵分割方法中。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~