仿Morpho蝴蝶翅膀微纳结构的优化设计

鉴于Morpho蝴蝶翅膀呈耀眼蓝色光泽与蝶翅表面的微纳结构有密切联系,提出了一种服务于仿生微纳制造的优化设计方法.根据生物结构的形状与尺寸,结合微纳制造中的工艺约束,建立了便于制造的仿生模型.使用严格耦合波分析对仿生模型进行光学仿真计算.在此基础上,以提高仿生结构的蓝光波段（特征波长为470nm）反射率为目标,利用遗传算法对仿生模型进行了优化设计.所得到的最优结构反射率波峰均位于470nm附近,且反射率明显高于仿生结构.为了分析最优结构的蓝光波段高反射率机理,研究了不同层数最优结构的几何特征,计算了部分结构的磁场强度分布,确定了结构中影响反射率的主要参数.     

仿生超黑涂层的制备与性能表征

 对几种国产黑色蝴蝶蝶翅的光学性能和微观结构进行了表征,发现在黑色蝶翅中微结构带来的吸收增强现象普遍存在,分析了蝶翅微结构吸收增强的一般性机理。基于这一机理,采用碳包覆二氧化硅微球吸收剂制备了仿蝶翅结构超黑涂层;经过优化涂层配方,其太阳吸收比达到0.9773,明显高于使用类似化学成分配方的传统黑漆。     

退火温度对用PⅢ方法制备共掺杂p型ZnO薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用射频磁控共溅射的方法制备出ZnO:Al薄膜,以NO和O2为源气体(V(O2)/V(O2+NO)=75%),采用等离子体浸没离子注入(PⅢ)方法对薄膜进行注入得到ZnO:Al:N薄膜,注入剂量为2.23×1015 cm-2,并在N2氛围下对样品进行了不同温度的退火处理.通过XRD图谱、霍尔效应(Hall)测试结果、紫外-可见光透射光谱等对样品的结构和性能进行了分析,着重研究了退火温度对ZnO:Al:N薄膜性质的影响.结果表明,退火可以使注人产生的ZnO(N2)3团簇分解,并且使N以替位O的方式存在.当退火温度达到850℃时,ZnO薄膜实现了p型反转,实现p型反转的ZnO:AliN薄膜载流子浓度可达3.68×1012cm-3,电阻率为11.2 Ω·cm,霍耳迁移率为31.4 cm2·V-1·s-1.     

Cr-Al_2O_3太阳能选择性吸收涂层的研究

基于第一性原理计算出Cr、Al2O3的能带结构、态密度以及介电函数,定性地分析了它们的电子结构和光学性能。然后,借助于计算出来的介电函数拟合Cr和Al2O3的消光系数,分析它们对吸收率和发射率的贡献。最后结合计算结果设计出相关实验方案,用等离子喷涂工艺制备出了Cr-Al2O3的金属陶瓷膜,并对其进行了测试与分析。     

合成甲醇铜基催化剂的研究

合成甲醇铜基催化剂CuO/ZnO/Al2O3进行了性能研究,以及在其基础上添加少量的Mn之后对催化剂的活性和热稳定性的影响.采用共沉淀法制备了CuO/ZnO/Al2O3和CuO/ZnO/Al2O3/MnO2催化剂,并通过固定床反应器测试了催化剂的初活性及耐热后的活性,同时利用XRD、TPR实验手段对催化剂的结构进行了考察.实验结果表明,在铜基催化剂CuO/ZnO/Al2O3中添加少量的Mn之后,催化剂的活性和热稳定性(即抗热性能)有所提高,经耐热后催化剂的活性和热稳定性得到明显提高.     

室温溅射沉积ZnO:Al薄膜的工艺

ZnO:Al薄膜是一种N型宽带隙半导体材料,由于其大的载流子浓度和光学禁带宽度而表现出优良的光电特性.采用射频磁控溅射工艺,在室温下用氧化锌铝陶瓷靶(3wt%Al2O3)溅射沉积透明导电ZnO:Al薄膜,研究了各工艺参数,如氧流量、工作气压和射频功率对其光电特性的影响.实验结果表明:通氧量与靶材中含氧比例存在紧密联系,本实验在氧流量为0 sccm,射频功率400 W,Ar气为0.7 Pa,溅射时间为2.5 h的条件下,制备的ZAO薄膜最小方块电阻为65Ω/□,薄膜表面略显黄色.     

Mn掺杂ZnO纳米线的制备及其光学性能研究

以Zn(CH_3COO)_2·2H_2O、KOH和MnCO_3为原料,采用水热法制备出ZnO纳米棒和Mn掺杂ZnO纳米线.利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、荧光光谱仪对样品的形貌、结构和光学性质进行了表征和分析.结果表明,制备的两组样品结构均为标准的六方纤锌矿结构,并沿c轴择优生长且均匀分布.纯的ZnO样品在375 nm附近发光性能较弱,在570 nm附近发光性能良好.而Mn掺杂ZnO样品在可见光区发光强度增强,并使紫外衍射峰峰位发生红移,最后讨论了样品的发光机理.     

水热法制备Fe掺杂Ag/ZnO复合纳米材料及其光催化性能研究

以Zn （CH3 COO）2·2H2O、AgNO3、Fe（NO3）3·9H2O为原料,NaOH为沉淀剂,H2O为溶剂,C2H5 OH为还原剂,柠檬酸为表面活性剂,采用水热法制备出Fe掺杂Ag/ZnO复合纳米材料.采用XRD、SEM、TEM、SAED等测试手段对制备产物的物相结构、微观形貌等进行表征,以甲基橙为目标降解物研究了制备产物的光催化性能.结果表明,Ag以单质的形式存在于ZnO表面,Fe掺杂到ZnO晶格中.Fe掺杂Ag/ZnO复合纳米材料在模拟日光下具有较高的光催化性能,在800 W氙灯照射下降解甲基橙150 min,甲基橙的降解率可达到99.4％％,较Ag/ZnO提高了7.8％,较ZnO提高了38.2％.     

氧分压对Zn0.99Mn0.01O稀磁薄膜结构和磁学特性的影响

采用脉冲激光沉积技术在Al2O3衬底上制备了Mn掺杂的ZnO稀磁薄膜.通过不同氧压下所制备样品的微观结构、光学性质和铁磁特性分析,研究了氧分压对Zn0.99Mn0.01O稀磁薄膜微观结构和磁学特性的影响.结果表明,所沉积薄膜均具有良好的c轴择优取向.在氧分压为5 Pa时得到的(002)衍射峰半高宽最小,但薄膜的室温铁磁...     

ZnO半导体粉体制备工艺与电阻率的关系

采用固相合成法制备了氧化铝掺杂的氧化锌半导体粉体,通过X-射线衍射分析,探讨了掺杂量、煅烧温度和保温时间对粉体导电性能的影响.实验发现:Al2O3的掺杂量高于0.5%(摩尔比)时,会生成ZnAl2O4尖晶石相,降低ZnO的电导率;在一定的温度和保温时间下,才能保证有足够的Al3 进入ZnO的晶格,从而获得电阻率比较低的ZnO半导体粉体;温度过高和保温时间过长都会导致Al2O3与ZnO反应生成尖晶石,减少Al3 对Zn2 的置换率,并对电子产生散射,从而导致ZnO半导体粉体的电阻率升高;当Al2O3掺杂量为ZnO的0.5%(摩尔比)时,在1300℃下保温3h所得到的ZnO粉体的电阻率为18kΩ.cm.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-