直立行走的智能车设计方案

车模直立行走是要求仿照两轮自平衡电动车的行进模式,让车模以两个后轮驱动进行直立行走。近年来,两轮自平衡电动车以其行走灵活、便利、节能等特点得到了很大的发展。国内外有很多这方面的研究,也有相应的产品。在电磁组比赛中,利用了原来C型车模双后轮驱动的特点,实现两轮自平衡行走。相对于传统的四轮行走的车模竞赛模式,车模直立行走在硬件设计、控制软件开发以及现场调试等方面提出了更高的要求。     

自平衡两轮电动车控制系统设计与仿真

利用牛顿第二定律建立自平衡两轮电动车的系统动力学模型,对模型进行可控性及可观性校验.采用期望极点配置算法及线性二次型最优控制(LQR)算法设计两类自平衡控制器,并利用MATLAB进行仿真分析.结果表明,两种控制方法对自平衡两轮电动车的稳定性控制均有效,其中期望极点配置控制方法使系统的稳定性更好,具有较高的实际应用价值.     

基于数据融合的小型两轮自平衡机器人姿态检测方法

针对小型两轮自平衡机器人姿态检测所用低成本加速度计(MMA7361)数据不够准确及陀螺仪(ENC03)信号的漂移问题,分别采用互补滤波器、kalamn滤波器和自适应kalman滤波器进行数据融合处理方法研究,通过对比实验确定采用自适应kalman滤波器实现加速度计和陀螺仪检测数据的融合,从而确定小型两轮自平衡机器人的姿态,进而实现其运动平衡控制.物理实验结果表明基于自适应kalman滤波器的加速度计和陀螺仪检测数据融合姿态检测方法不仅适用于小型两轮自平衡机器人的运动平衡控制,而且其参数较先前普遍采用的kalamn滤波器更易调整,姿态检测结果更加可靠.     

两轮自平衡避障机器人

本文分析和研究了两轮自平衡机器人的平衡控制,速度控制与方向控制等问题,并且加入超声波避障功能。针对两轮自平衡机器人的姿态控制建立数学模型和动力学方程进行分析,并讨论了相应的控制方法。整个系统采用飞思卡尔公司的MC9S12XS128单片机作为系统的主控芯片,负责对各项传感器的数据进行处理与运算,并显示与发送控制信息量,完成两轮自平衡机器人的姿态控制。     

两轮自平衡移动机器人实验系统设计

两轮自平衡移动机器人是通过机体上所搭载的姿态传感器检测自身的姿态数据,把数据送至微控制器进行处理后输出控制量给电机驱动电路,进而控制电机不断运动以校正自身的姿态保持自身车体平衡的机器人,在未来交通领域将占有重要地位,同时它也是验证控制算法的一个典型实验平台。基于Kinetis K60微控制器,设计了一个小型两轮自平衡移动机器人实验系统,给出系统整体设计方案及软硬件设计方法。学生能够在平台上进行控制算法验证及滤波融合算法调试等。     

电磁直立寻迹智能车的系统设计与软件开发

自动循迹的两轮自平衡电磁智能车是一个非线性、强耦合、欠驱动的自不稳定一级倒立摆系统。针对该智能车特点,采用两轮自平衡智能车机械架构、主控板、驱动板等模块相结合设计了系统硬件;并利用互补滤波和卡尔曼滤波方式对姿态检测传感器检测到的信号进行处理、以控制智能车直立平衡;最后通过归一化处理将路径检测传感器获得的路径信息与直立平衡控制信号进行融合,在直立平衡基础上实现智能车方向的控制。实验表明,该智能车运行平稳、转向灵活、速度较快。     

两轮自平衡小车的设计与实现

两轮自平衡小车被各种竞赛所喜爱,在很多大型比赛中都有涉及此方向的题目。阐述了基于飞思卡尔系列XS128单片机为核心控制器,配合陀螺仪、角度传感器实现两轮小车的自平衡。着重介绍了两轮自平衡小车的结构、平衡原理、控制算法,通过反复调试最终实现了小车的自平衡。     

基于卡尔曼滤波算法的自平衡机器人检测分析

对立方体机器人姿态的检测也是立方体机器人能够实现单点平衡的重要一环.姿态检测反映了立方体机器人平衡时的姿态角,当立方体机器人姿态角发生改变时,自平衡控制系统接收到姿态角的改变而做出反应,调整动量轮转速转向来保证立方体机器人平衡.将传感器安装在立方体方块上时,随着立方体方块姿态的变化可获得稳定的翻滚角和俯仰角,基本实现立...     

两轮自平衡机器人平衡控制仿真与研究

针对两轮自平衡机器人的平衡不稳定问题,建立了机器人动力学数学模型,设计了一种基于变论域的模糊PID控制器,以ARM的微控制器STM32F103为核心,搭建硬件平台,详细阐述两轮自平衡机器人控制参数整定的原理和方法,实现了两轮自平衡机器人系统的平衡控制。仿真结果表明:基于变论域模糊PID控制的两轮自平衡机器人响应速度快、抗干扰能力强,能够更好的减小超调量,提高系统的动静态特性和鲁棒性。     

两轮自平衡小车启动暂态过程的研究

在两轮自平衡小车启动暂态过程中,小车站立姿态调整过程缓慢,存在震荡性和抖动性问题.结合模糊PID控制算法和积分补偿方案,实现对小车左右轮输出的电压进行优化控制,使小车能在较短时间内快速修正到直立状态.模拟和实验结果均表明:采用模糊PID算法和积分补偿相结合的优化方案后,小车启动过程的姿态变化更加平滑,动态倾斜角度的测量更加精准,震荡明显减弱.在小车从初始倾斜角度-4°调整到平衡0°时,采用模糊PID算法能提高系统的测试性能,缩短系统的修正时间,减小震荡范围,震荡峰值从常规PID算法的2.2°降为0.5°,超调量从55%降为12.5%.该研究应用在两轮自平衡小车上,可以提高乘坐的舒适性,减少因长时间进行姿态修正而产生的电力消耗.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with