球形壳聚糖树脂对含重金属离子废水的吸附性能研究

系统研究了球形交联壳聚糖树脂及分子印迹壳聚糖树脂对去除水体中重金属离子的吸附特性。研究结果表明:壳聚糖树脂交联后,在酸中稳定性增强 ,可重复使用达10次,吸附容量没有明显降低;分子印迹壳聚糖树脂对Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺等特定金属离子的吸附容量比非分子印迹壳聚糖树脂提高了1倍左右;同时球形交联壳聚糖树脂与商用吸附树脂相比,两者对Ni²⁺与柠檬酸镍的吸附容量相当。     

重金属Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+在海泡石中的吸附特征

针对重金属复合污染问题,通过等温吸附实验,研究了海泡石对复合重金属Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的平衡吸附量和吸附选择性,并通过XRD、IR等分析探讨了海泡石的吸附机理。结果表明:海泡石对Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+的吸附顺序和富集系数顺序均为Cu2+>Cd2+>Zn2+,并且平衡吸附量随初始溶液质量浓度的提高而增大;海泡石对重金属离子的吸附主要是离子交换吸附及表面络合吸附。该研究证明海泡石具有较强的吸附复合重金属离子的能力,可修复重金属复合污染的废水及土壤。     

铅离子印迹聚合物对Pb2+的选择性吸附研究

针对日益严重的水体重金属污染及工业废水处理问题,利用一种由1,12-十二烷-O,O’-二苯基磷酸（DDDPA）和4-乙烯基吡啶作为双功能单体得到新型铅离子印迹聚合物微球,对其吸附及识别性能展开基础研究,结果表明,铅离子印迹聚合物微球对水中Pb2+有着良好的吸附性能,当溶液pH> 5时,就能保持很高的吸附效率。选择性吸附试验研究发现,当共存金属阳离子为Zn2+,Co2+,Ni2+时,铅离子印迹聚合物微球对目标Pb2+的选择性较好,试验条件下的选择吸附系数分别为86.6,53.0和46.5。铅离子印迹聚合物对Cr3+和Cu2+具有一定的吸附能力,试验条件下的选择吸附系数分别为20.8和9.5。对铅离子印迹聚合物微球的洗脱试验结果表明,洗脱含微量Pb2+的吸附剂时使用低浓度的HNO3就能达到100%脱附。经HNO3脱附后的吸附剂对水中Pb2+的单位饱和吸附量仍然可达90.9 mgg1,为吸附剂的重复使用提供了依据。     

羧甲基壳聚糖的制备及处理重金属离子活性

制备了壳聚糖衍生物—羧甲基壳聚糖,并研究羧甲基壳聚糖对废水中重金属离子Pb2+的吸附行为。羧甲基壳聚糖可以在水溶液中与Pb2+形成不溶于水的螯合物从而易于与水分离,是一种较好的重金属离子吸附剂,其与含有重金属离子Pb2+的溶液混合之后,对溶液采用络合滴定法测定剩余Pb2+的含量,从而研究羧甲基壳聚糖对Pb2+的吸附作用,结果表明羧甲基壳聚糖对Pb2+的吸附能力优于壳聚糖,分子中羧基是主要的螯合基团。     

非活性马尾藻对水中Cd~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的生物吸附及脱附研究

【目的】以马尾藻粉为生物吸附剂,研究其在静态实验中对Cd2+和Ni 2+的吸附及脱附能力,并对吸附速度、动力学、重金属选择性和吸附剂再生等问题进行探讨。【方法】采用单因素法分析pH值、初始浓度、平衡离子类型等条件因素对重金属吸附容量的影响,采用准一级和准二级动力学模型对Cd2+、Ni 2+的吸附数据进行拟合。【结果】Cd2+的最佳吸附条件为pH值4.5、初始浓度500mg/L、平衡离子为NO3ˉ,Ni 2+的最佳吸附条件为pH值3.0、初始浓度900mg/L、平衡离子为Clˉ;Cd2+、Ni 2+的吸附平衡到达时间分别为50min和25min;准二级动力学模型对吸附数据的拟合效果更好,相关系数(R2)均大于0.99;对混合溶液中不同重金属的选择性吸附顺序为Pb2+Ni 2+Cd2+Mn2+;1.0mol/L HCl对Cd2+、Ni 2+的理论洗脱率均可达到99%。【结论】马尾藻粉对Cd2+和Ni 2+的吸附容量大,吸附条件温和,重金属脱附率高,是一种性能良好的生物吸附剂。     

污泥基磁性生物炭及其对水体中铜离子的吸附性能

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,热解制备生物炭基质,经Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺改性加载纳米级铁氧化物颗粒,得到新型磁性生物炭材料(MBC),用于水体中重金属离子吸附.利用VSM,SEM-EDS,XRD,FTIR等综合分析磁性生物炭材料的物理化学特性,结果表明:生物炭基质表面加载磁性γ-Fe₂O₃颗粒,分布均匀,其饱和磁化强度达13.53Am²/kg.磁性生物炭投加量1.25g/L、吸附时间24h、水体pH为5.0时,Cu²⁺吸附量为67.68mg/g,较生物炭基质吸附量增加60.08%.磁性生物炭吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线、准二级吸附动力学模型.污泥基磁性生物炭吸附效果显著,兼具便于从水体中分离的优势,可实现“以废治废”的环保目标.     

磁性分子印迹材料去除环境水体中的2,4-二硝基苯胺

为去除环境水体中的2,4-二硝基苯胺(DNAN),本研究结合分子印迹技术与磁分离技术,制备对DNAN有特异性识别作用、并易于分离再生的磁性分子印迹聚合物(MMIPs)复合材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、动态吸附试验和静态吸附试验等手段分别对磁性材料的表面形貌、选择性及吸附特性进行表征.结果表明,用二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂制备的磁性分子印迹材料(DVB-MMIPs)具有较高的吸附容量.通过对DVB-MMIPs进行Scatchard分析发现,该MMIPs存在高亲和位点和低亲和位点2种结合位点,高亲和位点的最大吸附量Qmax为6.98×10~(-6)mol·g~(-1),平衡解离常数KD为4.68×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1);低亲和位点的最大吸附量Qmax为5.71×10~(-4)mol·g~(-1),平衡解离常数KD为1.40×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1).该磁性MMIPs对模板分子具有选择吸附性能,能够成功和方便地去除环境水体中的DNAN污染物,回收率较高,并克服传统吸附材料选择性低、难以再生重复利用的弊端.     

铅分子印迹聚合物合成与性能研究

以bis[(3-甲氧基硅)丙基]乙二胺为功能单体,铅离子为模板分子,正硅酸乙酯为交联剂,无水乙醇与二甲基甲酰胺混合液为络合溶剂,十二胺为扩孔剂,采用预组装方法结合二重印迹技术合成得到铅分子印迹聚合物.研究了该聚合物对铅的吸附和选择识别能力,采用红外光谱及比表面测定仪进行了结构表征.结果表明,所合成的聚合物对铅离子具有良好的吸附和选择识别能力,最大吸附量为1076μg/g,对铅离子的分配系数为172.4,是其它金属离子的10倍以上.填充有印迹聚合物的分离柱应用于痕量铅的处理,具有优良的分离富集能力.     

天然高岭土对Pb~(2+),Cd~(2+),Ni~(2+),Cu~(2+)的吸附及解吸性能研究

探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH、重金属离子初始质量浓度、离子强度以及竞争吸附等因素对天然高岭土吸附水中Pb2+,Cd2+,Ni2+,Cu2+等重金属离子的影响.结果表明,pH、初始质量浓度、离子强度以及共存离子,是影响高岭土吸附重金属离子的主要因素;高岭土对Pb2+的吸附性能明显优于其它3种重金属离子,顺序为:Pb2+＞Cd2+＞Ni2+＞Cu2+;吸附等温线均符合Freundlich型等温方程,说明高岭土对这几种离子都是典型的单分子层吸附;Pb2+,Cd2+,Ni2+,Cu2+离子解吸量大小顺序为:Pb2+＜Ni2+＜Cu2+＜Cd2+.     

铜(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物的制备及其吸附性能研究

以铜离子为模板,以3-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷为偶联剂,纳米TiO2/SiO2为载体,利用表面离子印迹技术,在纳米TiO2/SiO2表面聚合形成了铜离子印迹聚合物.详细研究了铜离子印迹聚合物的吸附性能和选择性.实验结果表明,与非印迹聚合物相比较,铜离子印迹聚合物对铜离子具有较好的识别性和选择性.铜离子印迹聚合物与非印迹聚合物的吸附量分别是36.51mg g-1和11.79mg g-1.该法的检出限为0.17ng mL-1,相对标准偏差为1.97%.将该印迹聚合物用于自来水、青海湖水和扎陵湖水中的铜离子的分离富集和测定,分析结果令人满意.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that