高原沟壑地区煤层开采地表变形监测与数据处理

文章以唐家会煤矿61101首采工作面地表移动变形监测系统为例,介绍了高原沟壑地区特厚煤层开采时常规地表移动观测站和实时监测站的测点埋设方法、外业观测和数据处理方法及数据的质量评价,利用实测数据获得了地表移动变形的基本参数及概率积分法的5个预计参数;利用1d的实测数据对实时监测站的内符合精度进行了分析。结果表明:该地表移动变形监测系统所测定变形量的平面精度在±4.0～±5.0mm之间,平均为±4.3mm;高程精度在±5.0～±7.0mm之间,平均为±6.0mm,完全满足开采沉陷监测的精度要求。以最大下沉速度为例的分析结果表明,当实时监测站作为常规观测站的补充时,可以获取更准确的地表移动变形基本参数。     

基于三维激光扫描全站仪的矿山开采沉陷监测方法

为了快速准确地获取矿山地表沉陷变形数据,在分析主流监测方法的基础上,提出基于MS50三维激光扫描全站仪的矿山开采沉陷变形监测方法。选取青海省西海煤炭公司海塔尔矿为研究区,通过实验分析对MS50最佳扫描距离进行研究,推算自由设站法点位精度,介绍施测方法和点云数据处理方法,构建研究区地面三维模型和数据对比分析模型,并将三维模型数据与水准测量数据进行对比分析。结果表明:200 m内MS50扫描精度优于10 mm,范围越大精度越低;推算出自由设站点位中误差为1. 271 mm,能够满足矿山开采沉陷控制点位精度要求;三维激光模型数据能够反映出矿区沉陷变形情况,可以替代水准测量数据进行矿山开采沉陷监测工作。MS50自由设站三维激光扫描法相比传统方法可宏观、快速、准确的描述矿区地表移动变形真实状态,相比普通扫描仪具有设站灵活、扫描精度高、无须坐标转换、减少点云拼接误差等优点,是值得在矿山开采沉陷地表移动监测领域中进一步推广的方法。     

基于无人机激光雷达技术的开采沉陷监测方法与参数反演

矿区开采沉陷监测与预测对于煤炭安全生产来说至关重要,目前煤矿地表沉陷监测的主流手段均有一定的局限性,存在精度与效率不能兼得的问题。利用无人机激光雷达(unmanned aerial vehicle lidar, UAV LiDAR)技术可以实现矿区地表三维点云的快速获取,建立多期数字高程模型(digital elevation model, DEM),两期DEM相减即可得到沉陷盆地,具有高效高精的特点。对无人机激光雷达地表沉陷监测的原理流程和概率积分预计参数动态反演方法进行了分析讨论,以内蒙古唐家会煤矿为例,设计了无人机激光雷达飞行方案,采集了两期激光点云数据,并对实测数据进行了组合解算、融合、滤波,建立两期DEM,求取了观测时间段内的地表下沉盆地,并进行了全盆地动态反演,得到测区概率积分预计参数。结果表明：DEM精度分别为34 mm和37 mm;下沉盆地精度为50 mm,结果对于煤矿开采沉陷监测与预测来说是相对可靠的,为无人机激光雷达应用于地表监测提供了案例。     

基于MO的地表移动观测站设计系统开发

为了实现观测站设计数据与图形统一管理,以及地表移动观测站的设计、自动化处理、及结果的可视化输出,利用VB.NET和MapObjects的无缝结合进行系统开发。以淮南矿业集团某矿区综采工作面地表岩移数据为例,验证了该系统,充分体现了GIS组件在解决有关开采沉陷的预计分析、变形监测和其保护问题中的实用性和有效性,对矿山开采一体化系统的开发具有指导意义。     

基于RTK技术的极地冰川移动监测系统的试验研究

基于PTK(Real Time Kinematic)技术,提出了利用铱星通讯系统进行数据远程传输的移动监测系统,其中基站和移动监测站由高精度GPS模块、数传电台与MSP430单片机控制器集成为一体。该系统以冰面抛投式移动浮标基站为载体,给出了监测系统的构成及数据采集及处理方法;并在野外实现了移动定位的实时监测试验。与常规定位进行比较,结果表明,该系统精度和稳定性均较高,移动监测精度可达厘米级,适用于冰川移动监测领域且将在中国第32次南极考察中进行应用试验。     

煤层开采地表沉陷监测及预测技术现状及发展趋势

煤矿开采地表沉陷监测及预测对于煤矿地表治理及环境保护具有重要意义。详细阐述了煤矿地表沉陷监测及预测方法,并对其监测及预测过程进行了较为详细的论述与分析。指出地表沉陷监测及预测存在的问题,针对存在的问题,提出了未来基于互联网+技术以及CCD和GPS组合传感器技术,对矿区监测数据进行实时监测并进行数据处理,对处理后的数据实时传送到数据中心,数据中心根据监测结果实时调整监测区域达到最优监测效果;未来地表沉陷预测发展应考虑开采地质条件、开采工艺、开采深度、开采厚度等因素对于地表沉陷的影响,在预测的过程中确定因素的影响程度,合理选择预测方法,提高预测精度。     

煤矿开采动态地表下沉预计算法

针对煤矿地下开采造成岩层及地表移动随时空变化、开采时间与空间的变化对地表移动变形影响等问题,为准确预测开采过程中的地表移动变形,对开采沉陷的影响函数预计方法进行了理论分析与应用研究.应用数值积分方法,通过数学建模实现了开采沉陷预计系统.明确了开采沉陷动态移动变形模型的具体算法,提出了通过倾向微元化达到顾及主要影响半径随采深变化的方法,使得缓倾斜煤层的使用Knothe模型得以实现.应用VB开发了开采沉陷地表动态移动变形系统,并通过现场实测数据验证了动态预计算法的正确性.     

曲面拟合技术在开采沉陷预计中的应用

在以前的开采沉陷预计软件中,往往采用等倾角或分段等倾角来预计工作面回采后地表的沉陷情况,这不符合煤层实际的赋存情况,因此,也带来理论上预计的误差。采用曲面拟合技术可以消除这种理论上的预计误差。利用地理信系统采集煤层底板等高线的基础数据,再拟合出工作面煤层的曲面方程,根据曲面方程可以求出工作面煤层的倾角、倾向;求出开采微单元的各种变形值的偏移方向和偏移值,按照概率积分法叠加原理最终求出预计区域内的地表沉陷的各种变形值。通过工程实例验证曲面拟合方法下沉预计值标准方差为:411.4,水平移动标准方差为:268.39;采用等倾角或分段等倾角预计下沉值标准方差为:5329.1,水平移动标准方差为986.6.曲面拟合法优于分段等倾角法。     

GNSS监测技术在华光潭水电站的应用及分析

传统的监测方法已经无法满足现代化的安全需求,该文主要介绍GNSS自动化监测在华光潭水电站工程边坡中的应用以及安全影响分析。从目前的数据来看,GNSS静态基线解算的精度很高,但点位位移的准确度,包括各个轴的变化情况,是否能够准确进行反馈,还需要后续更多的数据进行判断。在自动化的边坡监测中,GNSS已经成为不可或缺的一部分,其自动化、高效、准确的优势相比于传统方法更有优势,未来,必将有更多的GNSS应用于边坡监测。     

大宁矿区开采沉陷规律研究

通过对大宁煤矿一个正在开采的工作面进行地面沉陷监测,结合该矿的实际资料,对大宁矿区开采沉降规律进行实测研究,得到了开采沉陷基本参数和典型的山区地表移动分布特征,为以后的矿区开采及地表开采沉陷治理提供理论依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that