RH处理超低碳铝镇静钢的总氧预测模型及应用

根据300t钢包RH真空处理超低碳铝镇静钢的实验数据,建立了RH处理过程钢中总氧含量的预测模型,得到了钢中氧含量的预测公式.模型综合考虑了处理时间、真空室吹氩流量、钢水环流量、浸渍管直径和钢包渣中(FeO+MnO)含量等因素对总氧含量的影响,并对改进RH处理工艺进行了讨论.模型分析表明,促进夹杂物上浮的手段有增大吹氩流量、增加浸渍管直径,但都有一个合适的范围.     

RH精炼脱碳与夹杂物控制

为了提高RH精炼处理效率及钢水的洁净度,鞍钢股份有限公司炼钢总厂针对RH精炼装置脱碳、氧含量和夹杂物控制等相关工艺进行了研究和改进.通过控制转炉粗钢液中的碳氧含量、快速提高RH真空度、增加提升钢液的驱动气体氩气流量、吹氧强制脱碳、延长真空脱碳时间、增大插入管管径以及改善插入管形状维护等措施,保证了RH精炼的脱碳效果.通过控制钢包及浇注过程增碳,保证了成品碳稳定控制在20×10-6以下;同时优化了RH精炼升温工艺,并开发硅脱氧、镁脱氧及中间包改质工艺,显著降低了钢坯的全氧含量,降低了冷轧夹杂比率,从而确定了合理的RH冶炼超低碳钢工艺参数及RH精炼搬出后超低碳钢增碳的控制工艺.     

超低碳钢顶渣氧化性对钢液洁净度的影响

为探究降低顶渣氧化性对改善超低碳钢钢液洁净度的影响,在转炉终点至中间包过程中,在多位置取炉渣和钢水试样,分别进行炉渣氧化性、钢液成分和夹杂物分析.实验结果表明:转炉出钢后通过对顶渣改质,渣中T.Fe由转炉终点的19.18％降至RH进站时的4.68％,顶渣氧化性降低明显.渣中T.Fe降低导致钢中[O]的降低,T.Fe较低的炉次平均吹氧量较大,使得铝脱氧前钢中[O]较高.RH结束渣T.Fe与夹杂物数量呈线性关系,T.Fe越低夹杂物数量越少,同时RH结束后夹杂物数量与铝脱氧前钢中[O]无必然关系.顶渣(CaO)/(Al2O3)会影响其吸收Al2O3夹杂物的能力,(CaO)/(Al2 O3)控制不合理的炉次,其夹杂物数量也较多.通过降低顶渣氧化性,热轧板卷缺陷率得到明显降低.     

侧底复吹RH真空精炼脱碳过程研究

基于RH内流场,结合冶金反应热力学及动力学,通过建立数学模型研究了侧底复吹RH真空脱碳过程.数值结果表明计算结果与试验结果符合良好.在总吹气量相同条件下,侧底复吹RH前20 min的脱碳速率高于传统RH的脱碳速率.对于传统RH脱碳,前3 s以熔池内CO本体脱碳为主,3~1 000 s以氩气泡表面脱碳为主;对于侧底复吹RH脱碳,前1 000s以氩气泡表面脱碳为主,并且氩气泡表面脱碳速率约为熔池内CO本体脱碳速率的两倍;提高RH处理后期的脱碳速率可提高超低碳钢生产效率.     

IF钢全氧的控制与预测

分析了IF钢冶炼过程中渣对钢液中[Al]、[Ti]的氧化机理,在此基础上提出了IF钢加铝脱氧后全氧的预测模型.结果表明,熔渣中(FeO)、(MnO)对钢液的二次氧化存在两种方式.当氧化物在渣中的传质是反应限制性环节时,反应发生在渣/钢界面,生成的脱氧产物分布在渣/钢界面,此时渣的氧化性随时间呈指数下降;当脱氧元素在钢中传质是反应限制性环节时,反应发生在钢液内部.对某厂RH精炼渣的数据作回归得到RH加铝后渣的氧化性随时间指数变化的关系式.     

超低碳铝镇静钢方坯连铸工艺

为了对超低碳铝镇静钢的生产工艺进行优化研究,结合某钢铁厂的现有工艺装备和条件,经过大量试验研究,确立了转炉—LF—RH—连铸机的工艺路线,并实施转炉初炼钢水质量控制、钢包顶渣改制及成分控制、RH工艺优化及钙处理等工艺优化措施.工艺流程优化后,控制转炉初炼钢水出钢氧的质量分数为0.04%～0.08%,终点碳0.03%～0.05%%,钢包顶渣改制后FeO+MnO<3%,钙处理钢中Ca的质量分数达到0.002%～0.003%,解决了方坯连铸中包水口絮流的技术难题,实现了超低碳铝镇静钢方坯顺利浇铸,连浇炉数达到8炉以上,达到了成品碳含量[C]<50×10-6,全氧含量≤30×10-6的较好质量水平.     

基于废气分析的RH脱碳模型

为连续预测RH熔池内碳含量,实现对RH脱碳终点碳含量控制,以物质C平衡为基础,通过对某钢厂250 t RH废气分析系统分析的废气流量以及废气中CO、CO2含量进行连续监控,建立了基于废气分析的RH脱碳数学模型.该模型计算表明:对于冶炼成品中碳质量分数≤30×10-6的超低碳钢,模型计算RH脱碳终点碳质量分数误差都在±5×10-6之间;在RH脱碳后期,废气中CO+CO2质量分数低于5%时,熔池内脱碳速率低于10-6 min-1,此时可判定脱碳结束.同时结合现场工艺条件分析了压降平台以及吹氧操作对RH脱碳速率的影响.     

RH冶炼超低碳钢的最优工艺研究

建立了RH碳氧反应模型,计算值和实际测量值吻合较好,可以模拟实际RH精炼过程中的碳氧反应.在一定的初始碳含量范围内,初始碳含量对RH脱碳结束的碳含量基本没有影响,同时,RH脱碳反应达到14min后其脱碳速度小于1.5×10-6min-1,脱碳反应接近平衡.随着钢包渣TFe含量的增高,RH脱碳反应降低的氧含量和碳含量的比值在降低.当钢包渣TFe含量为8%时,实际计算的碳氧线和理论的碳氧线接近.     

RH精炼钢中全氧量变化与操作改进

为了使钢中全氧量控制在一个适当的水平,在武钢炼钢总厂RH真空脱气装置对低碳、超低碳钢进行了脱氧净化试验.结果表明,影响全氧去除的因素按作用高低依次是出钢溶解氧水平,溶解氧与钢包渣的交互作用,钢包渣,和真空处理净化时间.通过改进工艺生产了全氧量≤10×10-6,非金属夹杂物尺寸<10μm的清洁钢水,建立了一个钢包内钢水全氧浓度随时间变化的新方程,该方程考虑了全氧的表观平衡含量及环流、扩散传质对去除氧化物夹杂速率的影响.     

RH精炼过程中IF钢洁净度控制

为了优化RH处理工艺、提高RH精炼后的IF钢水洁净度,通过分析T[O]含量的变化研究了RH纯循环时间、镇静时间、钢包顶渣氧化性对IF钢洁净度的影响.实验结果表明:适当延长纯循环时间有利于钢液洁净度的提高,加TiFe后保证纯循环时间6～8min以上可使RH真空处理结束后钢液T[O]降至30×10-6以下;随着RH真空处理结束后镇静时间的延长,中间包钢水T[O]含量总体呈下降趋势,镇静时间大于30 min的炉次,T[O]可控制在35×10-6以下;RH结束后渣中T.Fe每提高1%,平均Al、Ti总损失会增加1.05×10-6 min-1,其中Al损失率0.40×10-6 min-1,Ti损失率0.65×10-6 min-1.     

Coordinated control of carbon and oxygen for ultra-low-carbon interstitial-free steel in a smelting process

Low residual-free-oxygen before final de-oxidation was beneficial to improving the cleanness of ultra-low-carbon steel. For ul-tra-low-carbon steel production, the coordinated control of carbon and oxygen is a precondition for achieving low residual oxygen during the Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) decarburization process. In this work, we studied the coordinated control of carbon and oxygen for ultra-low-carbon steel during the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) endpoint and RH process using data statistics, multiple linear regressions, and thermodynamics computations. The results showed that the aluminum yield decreased linearly with increasing residual oxygen in liquid steel. When the mass ratio of free oxygen and carbon ([O]/[C]) in liquid steel before RH decarburization was maintained between 1.5 and 2.0 and the carbon range was from 0.030wt%to 0.040wt%, the residual oxygen after RH natural decarburization was low and easily controlled. To satisfy the re-quirement for RH decarburization, the carbon and free oxygen at the BOF endpoint should be controlled to be between 297 × 10?6 and 400 × 10?6 and between 574 × 10?6 and 775 × 10?6, respectively, with a temperature of 1695 to 1715°C and a furnace campaign of 1000 to 5000 heats.     

Cleanliness of Ti-bearing Al-killed ultra-low-carbon steel during different heating processes

During the production of Ti-bearing Al-killed ultra-low-carbon (ULC) steel, two different heating processes were used when the converter tapping temperature or the molten steel temperature in the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus (RH) process was low:heating by Al addition during the RH decarburization process and final deoxidation at the end of the RH decarburization process (process-I), and increasing the oxygen content at the end of RH decarburization, heating and final deoxidation by one-time Al addition (process-Ⅱ). Temperature increases of 10℃ by different processes were studied; the results showed that the two heating processes could achieve the same heating effect. The T.[O] content in the slab and the refining process was better controlled by process-I than by process-Ⅱ. Statistical analysis of inclusions showed that the numbers of inclusions in the slab obtained by process-I were substantially less than those in the slab obtained by process-Ⅱ. For process-I, the Al₂O₃ inclusions produced by Al added to induce heating were substantially removed at the end of decarburization. The amounts of inclusions were substantially greater for process-Ⅱ than for process-I at different refining stages because of the higher dissolved oxygen concentration in process-Ⅱ. Industrial test results showed that process-I was more beneficial for improving the cleanliness of molten steel.     

Decarburization rate of RH refining for ultra low carbon steel

The decarburization behaviors of ultra low carbon steel in a 210-t RH vacuum degasser were investigated under practical operating conditions. According to the apparent decarburization rate constant (K_C) calculated by the carbon content in the samples taken from the hot melt in a ladle at an interval of 1–2 min, it is observed that the total decarburization reaction period in RH can be divided into the quick decarburization period and the stagnant decarburization period, which is quite different from the traditional one with three stages. In this study, the average apparent decarburization rate constant during the quick decarburization period is 0.306 min-1, and that of the stagnant period is 0.072 min-1. Increasing the initial carbon content and enhancing the exhausting capacity can increase the apparent decarburization rate constant in the quick decarburization period. The decarburization reaction comes into the stagnant decarburization period when the carbon content in molten steel is less than 14×10-6 after 10 min of decarburization.     

RH冶炼超低碳钢内部脱碳机理及控制工艺

为了研究RH真空处理过程脱碳反应速率及其影响因素,并有效地控制超低碳钢在RH真空处理过程中碳含量的变化,根据热力学、动力学原理建立了RH真空处理脱碳数学模型,通过RH真空处理脱碳数学模型研究了内部脱碳反应深度和脱碳速率之间的关系.模型计算结果表明,反应深度的变化和内部脱碳的反应速率是相对应的,采取预真空操作,提升了反应深度,淡化了前期脱碳转折点的影响,加速了前期的脱碳反应,并在RH处理后期找到了内部脱碳向表面脱碳转变的时间临界点.     

超低碳铝镇静钢冶炼过程氮含量的控制

针对企业冶炼超低碳铝镇静钢过程中增氮量高、波动大及控制不稳定的问题,采用工艺数据统计和现场取样的手段,系统梳理了冶炼过程钢液脱氮和增氮的主要环节和影响因素.转炉脱碳期和真空处理是脱氮的主要环节,碳氧期的总脱碳量高则终点氮含量低;转炉底吹N2/Ar切换点在吹炼70%以前对终点氮含量影响不大;VD在无氧条件下脱氮有利,RH则在有氧条件下脱氮有利.控制钢中溶解氧>200×10-6则出钢过程增氮可控制在5×10-6以下;炉料的氮带入是真空精炼环节增氮的重要因素,最高达11×10-6;采用密封垫+吹Ar的保护方式,增氮量最低为1×10-6.     

Modeling study on the flow patterns of gas-liquid flow for fast decarburization during the RH process

A water model and a high-speed video camera were utilized in the 300-t RH equipment to study the effect of steel flow patterns in a vacuum chamber on fast decarburization and a superior flow-pattern map was obtained during the practical RH process. There are three flow patterns with different bubbling characteristics and steel surface states in the vacuum chamber:boiling pattern (BP), transition pattern (TP), and wave pattern (WP). The effect of the liquid-steel level and the residence time of the steel in the chamber on flow patterns and decarburization reaction were investigated, respectively. The liquid-steel level significantly affected the flow-pattern transition from BP to WP, and the residence time and reaction area were crucial to evaluate the whole decarburization process rather than the circulation flow rate and mixing time. A superior flow-pattern map during the practical RH process showed that the steel flow pattern changed from BP to TP quickly, and then remained as TP until the end of decarburization.     

高品质GCr15轴承钢二次精炼过程中夹杂物的演变规律

采用FE-SEM/EDS研究了转炉流程生产的GCr15轴承钢LF、RH精炼过程中夹杂物的演变规律,分析了其演变机理。结果表明:钢中复合夹杂物的演变规律可归纳为:Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3→(CaO-MgO-Al2O3-(CaS))复合氧化物夹杂和Al2O3→(Al2O3-MnS)→(Al2O3-MnS-Ti(C,N))复合氧硫碳氮物夹杂2种方式。LF精炼过程脱硫作用明显,钢中的硫化物夹杂数量大幅减少。LF精炼初期钢中主要是MnS、Al2O3、TiN的单相夹杂物。LF精炼结束后钢中的夹杂物演变为Al2O3为核心外包氧化物及MnS、TiN、Ti(C,N)、CaS的复合夹杂物。精炼渣中的CaO和耐火材料中的MgO经还原后与钢中溶解氧反应导致LF精炼结束时D类夹杂物增加。RH及软吹处理进一步强化了去除钢中的硫化物,但D类及其与A、T类复合的夹杂物含量增加。在LF阶段,夹杂物尺寸主要集中在1~3μm范围内,到RH阶段,夹杂物尺寸则主要集中分布在小于1μm的粒度范围。最大夹杂物尺寸由10.79μm降到5.68μm,单位面积夹杂个数由372个/mm2降到258个/mm2。RH及软吹处理有效地降低了钢中大于3μm的夹杂物。     

基于氧气脱碳效率预测的转炉炼钢吹氧量计算模型

为精确计算转炉炼钢生产过程中需要吹入的氧气量,提出了基于氧气脱碳效率预测的转炉炼钢静态和动态吹氧量计算模型.首先,采用独立成分分析方法对静态模型输入进行预处理;然后,建立基于支持向量机的氧气脱碳效率预测模型;最后,利用预测得到的氧气脱碳效率结合机理公式计算两阶段吹氧量.利用一座150t转炉的实际生产数据进行仿真计算,结果显示该模型对氧气脱碳效率的预报精度较高,所提方法是有效的.