彩色沥青老化性能的研究

研究了符合GB15180-94重交通道路沥青标准的彩色道路沥青的老化过程。结果表明:提出的两种老化动力学模型能够很好地描述两种彩色道路沥青的老化速率。彩色沥青老化后,沥青质含母增加,胶质、芳香酚、饱和酚含量减少。沥青胶体的原有平衡体系遭到破坏,导致沥青使用性能变坏。彩色沥青老化过程中,沥青胶体不稳定指数(Ie)对沥青老化条件很敏感,随老化温度的升高和老化时间的延长而增加;粘度随老化时间的延长近似呈指数关系增加,所以可以用胶体不稳定指数和老化指数来评价彩色沥青的老化性能。     

多聚磷酸对沥青高低温性能和老化性能的影响

采用不同掺量多聚磷酸（PPA）对沥青进行改性,研究了PPA对沥青高低温性能和老化性能的影响,并借助化学组分和红外光谱测试分析了PPA改性沥青的老化机理。结果表明：随着PPA掺量增加,沥青的软化点和粘度升高,弗拉斯脆点向低温移动,沥青的高低温性能均得到改善。与未改性沥青相比,PPA改性沥青在短期热老化、长期热老化和紫外老化后的软化点增量、粘度老化指数和弗拉斯脆点变化量均明显减小,针入度保留率和延度保留率大幅提高。化学组分和红外光谱分析发现PPA促进了胶质向沥青质的转变,减少了沥青中易发生老化反应的活性组分,使老化过程中改性沥青的脂肪族、芳香族、羰基和亚砜基指数的变化量均明显减小,从而具有优良的抗老化性能。     

热老化对不同沥青组成结构和性能的影响

为了研究热老化对沥青组成结构和性能的影响,利用色谱柱法和傅里叶变换红外光谱对不同品种沥青热空气老化前后的化学组成、分子结构和高低温性能进行了测试表征,并分析了组成结构与性能之间的相关性。化学组成和红外光谱分析表明,在热空气老化过程中沥青的饱和分含量基本不变,芳香分结构中的脂肪烃支链易断链而发生氧化缩聚,导致芳香分转化为胶质和沥青质,使沥青的脂肪族指数减少、芳香族指数以及羰基和亚砜基指数增大;随热老化温度升高,沥青的软化点和粘度升高、低温柔性降低,但不同品种沥青的抗老化性能表现出明显的差异,饱和分含量高、芳香分含量低以及芳香族指数小的沥青具有更好的抗老化性能。     

氧化石墨烯（GO）对沥青抗老化性能的影响研究

氧化石墨烯(GO)是近年来逐步应用于道路工程的一种新型的无机纳米材料,是有效改善沥青物理性能和抗老化能力的潜在材料.为了探究GO能否提高沥青的抗老化性能,采用GO对70#基质沥青进行改性,探究了不同GO掺量(0%、0.5%、1%、2%、3%)对沥青的改性效果.通过不同掺量对照组的三大指标试验(针入度、软化点和延度)、薄膜烘箱实验(RTFOT)和压力老化容器实验(PAV)评价改性沥青的老化性能,并利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)测试在不同GO掺量和不同老化时间条件下的羰基指数和亚砜指数.研究结果表明,随着GO掺量不断增加,GO改性沥青的软化点不断增大,针入度逐渐减小,延度明显降低,GO的添加可在一定程度上降低沥青内部组分发生变化的程度;当GO掺量为2%时,可以明显可以改善基质沥青的老化性能;GO掺量2%的改性沥青在RTFOT和PAV老化之间的增长斜率略小于GO掺量1%改性沥青,GO掺量2%的改性沥青与GO掺量3%的改性沥青增长斜率几乎保持一致;GO的掺入可以降低沥青中极性官能团在老化过程中的生成量,可以有效地阻隔沥青中小分子的扩散,延缓老化中发生的化学反应.     

抽出油活化废胶粉改性沥青老化性能

为探究抽出油活化废胶粉改性沥青(ARMA)的老化性能和老化机理,通过室内加速老化试验分别对ARMA的短期老化和长期老化进行模拟,并利用动态剪切流变仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、四组分分析、元素分析以及扫描电子显微镜对不同老化条件下ARMA的老化性能和微观结构进行研究。研究结果表明：随着老化程度的加深,ARMA的复数剪切模量、车辙因子以及疲劳因子逐渐增大,相位角逐渐减小,且ARMA的复数剪切模量、相位角及其对应老化指数的变化量均小于废胶粉改性沥青(RMA)的相同指标变化量;ARMA中饱和分、芳香分以及胶质的含量随老化强度的增强而减少,沥青质含量却增加;ARMA中碳、氢元素含量随老化强度的增强而减少,但氧、硫元素含量及芳碳率、环结构缩合指数表现出与之相反的趋势;红外光谱上ARMA的羰基、亚砜基峰强度随老化程度的加深而增强,对应的羰基老化指数和亚砜基老化指数呈增大趋势;C＝C峰强度却随之减小,对应的丁二烯老化指数也呈减小趋势;微观形貌图上ARMA中活化废胶粉与沥青间的界面结合能力随老化作用而逐渐减弱,活化废胶粉逐渐从沥青中突显出;抽出油活化废胶粉改性沥青的抗老化机理是活化作用增强了废胶粉的活性,使废...     

废旧沥青的再生研究

通过对老化沥青组分的分析,提出了研制沥青再生剂的基本思路。使用自制再生剂对老化沥青进行再生,利用核磁共振和红外光谱的方法分析了再生沥青的组分,并考察了再生沥青的基本性能。结果表明,自制再生剂能有效改善旧沥青性能,再生沥青的饱和分和胶质含量上升了,针入度、软化点、延度可以恢复到新沥青的水平。     

盐蚀环境下沥青结合料化学组分及性能演化

为更好地认识盐蚀环境下沥青路面的性能损伤机理,在实验室内模拟除冰盐、融雪剂形成的盐蚀环境对沥青结合料的侵蚀作用。采用沥青四组分试验和原子力显微镜(AFM)试验评价沥青的化学组分及表面微纳观形貌特性。开展针入度、软化点、延度和粘度试验,探讨盐蚀环境下沥青结合料的性能演化情况。结果表明：在氯盐溶液中干湿循环和冻融循环处理后,沥青中的饱和分和芳香分含量减少,沥青质和胶质含量增加。沥青结合料表面粗糙度和蜂形结构面积百分比出现不同程度的下降。在盐蚀环境下,沥青结合料的针入度和延度均有不同程度的下降,软化点和粘度出现不同程度的升高。沥青结合料性能劣化的主要原因是在盐蚀环境中沥青的化学组分发生改变,出现一定程度的“盐老化现象”。     

再生沥青中新旧沥青扩散特性

为掌握再生沥青中新旧沥青扩散特性,以提高再生沥青混合料性能和旧沥青的再生程度,采用老化沥青和新沥青制备双层沥青试样,保温使新旧沥青扩散,在此基础上,建立基于针入度和动态剪切流变(DSR)试验的新旧沥青扩散程度评价方法和指标,进而研究高温和中温条件下扫描保温时间、保温温度、老化沥青类型及老化程度对新旧沥青扩散程度影响,设计正交试验,并使用极差分析和方差分析方法研究各因素影响程度。结果表明:高温条件下新旧沥青扩散程度随保温时间的增加先增加后不变,随老化程度的增加基质沥青扩散程度逐渐增加,SBS改性沥青则基本不变,且老化程度较低时SBS改性沥青扩散程度优于基质沥青,但老化程度严重时正好相反;老化时间、保温温度和保温时间对新旧沥青扩散程度的影响程度依次降低,其中老化时间和保温温度对其有显著影响,而保温时间无显著影响;中温扫描时,新旧沥青扩散程度随扫描时间的增加而增加,随老化程度增加而减小,且基质沥青扩散程度优于SBS改性沥青;高温和中温条件下新旧沥青扩散程度均随温度的增加而增加,且基质沥青的最佳增长温度范围高于SBS改性沥青。故如需提高再生沥青混合料中新旧沥青扩散程度时应主要关注沥青老化程度及适宜的新旧沥青温度。     

沥青性能与沥青组分的灰色关联分析

针对沥青性能受沥青组分影响呈现出不同规律性,致力于沥青四组分对沥青性能影响的研究。利用沥青四组分试验将不同沥青分离成化学性质相近、并与路用性能有一定联系的4个组分,对不同沥青的针入度、软化点、延度、粘度、流变学性能等性能指标进行测试;采用灰色关联分析方法,计算沥青组分与沥青性能(针入度、软化点、延度、粘度、流变学性能)的关联系数,从而定量得出沥青四组分对沥青性能的影响。研究结果表明:胶质对沥青高温性能的影响最大,芳香分对沥青低温性能影响较大;沥青质对沥青老化前后粘度变化影响最大,胶质次之,饱和分、芳香分对粘度影响较小;可为通过对不同沥青组分的对比以预测沥青高低温性能提供参考,该结论与通过调和法所测沥青性能与沥青四组分的关联性相吻合。     

^1H—NMR和IR对道路沥青老化过程的研究

研究了两种不同结构道路沥青Ｓｈｅｌ７０和ＰＡ１００的老化过程。发现沥青的组成和结构对其老化性能有较大影响：具有较长烷基侧链的道路沥青，在一定的温度下，烷基侧链易于断裂形成自由基而引发氧化反应；沥青各组分结构上的不连续性导致其抗老化性能较差。在老化过程中，由于氧的介入生成了酮和亚砜等含氧官能团，使得沥青分子间相互作用力增加，破坏了原有沥青的组成与结构，导致沥青的针入度下降，各种性质发生明显变化。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that