基于应变的热采井套管设计方法

提出基于应变的热采井套管设计方法,确定基于应变的设计准则,通过建立三维弹塑性有限元模型,模拟分析热采井多轮次生产过程中应力和应变变化规律,并以胜利油田A井为例进行实例设计。结果表明,该设计方法密切结合热采井"注-焖-采"生产过程,可考虑多轮次循环温度载荷对套管的损伤程度,通过计算多轮次生产条件下套管上的累积塑性应变,依据热采井生产轮次要求及应变准则,科学灵活地设计套管,可以为热采井套管柱设计提供新思路。     

辽河油田稠油井套管损坏原因的初步分析

注蒸汽开采稠油是当前应用最广泛、效益较高的稠油开采技术,但高温下套管的寿命是至关紧要的问题。文中收集了辽河油田194口损坏井的情况,分析了稠油热采井损坏的原因;并用套管试样,进行了井内温度的模拟试验研究,最后提出了综合防治套管损坏的建议。     

稠油注蒸汽热采过程中射孔段套管热应力仿真模拟

我国稠油资源约占总石油资源的30%。稠油油藏以蒸汽吞吐开采为主,一个蒸汽吞吐循环周期包括蒸汽注入阶段、焖井阶段和采油阶段。其中,造成稠油热采井套管损坏的主要原因之一是热采井高温及温度剧烈变化,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了三维井筒模型,分析了蒸汽注入阶段、闷井阶段的热传导过程及射孔段套管的热应力分布,其中射孔部位是稠油热采过程中较易破坏的地方,经过几个吞吐周期后套管上会积累较高的残余应力而使套管发生塑性破坏。     

一种耐热低膨胀钢种的设计

通过对稠油热采井使用工况的研究,针对性设计了一种耐高温、低膨胀钢种.此钢种采用中碳Cr--Mo系加微量晶界强化合金元素及稀土的设计思路.实验室试验证明,其高温拉伸性能和线膨胀系数均较C--Mn系钢种优越,适用于稠油热采工况条件,有望用于稠油热采井专用套管的生产.     

电阻热采物理模型研究

研制了一套二维电阻热采物理模拟系统． 该系统包括五个组成部分：模型主体、注入系统、采出系统、抽真空系统和温度测量系统．其模型主体的体积为４００ ×４００ ×３６ｍ ｍ ． 在模型底部开有若干个温度测量孔,通过测量孔将测温热电偶放置在模拟油藏中． 电热油藏的物理模拟过程中的温度测量采用自行研制的温度场数据采集系统,实现了在线监测． 可利用该系统研究电场提高原油采收效率的方法及其影响因素,更适合于电热油藏的机理性研究．     

稠油热采井套管柱应变设计方法

为解决稠油热采井不断出现的套管损坏现象,改变传统的管柱强度设计方法。基于弹塑性力学理论,在满足套管柱强度设计的基础上建立套管柱应变计算模型;通过对比套管材料应变与结构应变,借助Rambery-Osgood模型得到应变安全系数最小值,提出套管柱应变设计的理论判据,形成套管柱应变设计方法。结果表明,该设计方法在西部油田8口稠油热采井Φ177.8 mm×8.05 mm TG80H特殊螺纹套管柱设计中得到应用,生产4轮次后套管柱未出现变形和泄漏现象,经过14轮次后,套管服役性能依然良好,新热采井套管柱应变设计方法允许套管在可控范围内变形,可有效延长套管使用寿命,降低套损率。     

耐高温低密度油井水泥的研究及应用

根据国内油田低压浅层稠油热采井固井需求，研制开发了一种新型耐高温低密度油井水泥。该水泥由基础熟料和天然非晶态硅质材料组成，在不同地层温度(18—75℃)范围内，其密度可在1．37—1．53g／cm^3之间调节，48h抗压强度大于10MPa，高温(300℃)水热条件下7d的抗压强度不衰退，其综合工程性能满足浅层稠油井固井技术要求。190口井的现场应用结果表明：该水泥具有施工工艺简单，造浆率高，抗高温性能优异等特性，可显著提高低压浅层稠油热采井的固井质量和原油产量。     

基于铜密封的耐高温膨胀管套管补贴技术

国内部分深井、热采井等高温井套管损坏问题形势严峻,现有的橡胶密封膨胀管无法满足高温密封的要求。针对这一问题研究了基于铜密封的膨胀管套管补贴技术,并提出了焊接和热处理工艺的改进方法。试验数据表明:基于铜密封的耐高温膨胀管的最大工作温度可达350℃;单组金属密封,液体密封压力可达30 MPa;单组金属密封,悬挂力≥100 k N;膨胀工作压力≤40 MPa。该技术可以满足热采井等高温井的套管补贴技术需求,已在辽河油田应用30多口井,累计恢复产油超过30万t,恢复注水超过20万m3。     

注蒸汽吞吐井井筒应力的数值计算方法

将注蒸汽吞吐井井筒温度场的计算结果引入井筒应力分析模型中，利用有限元分析软件ANSYS计算了不同约束条件下的井筒应力。计算结果表明，最大热应力都发生在套管内壁，且超过了N80套管的热弹性屈服极限；最大热膨胀都发生在温度变化过渡区，当套管周围掏空时，其热应变达到了2％，远远超过材料弹性极限应变值(0．3％)，这是导致热采井套管变形损坏的主要原因。     

底水稠油热采温度场影响因素物理模拟研究

利用高温底水物理模拟实验系统,以渤海LD底水油田为例,依据目标层位的储层特征,填物理模型,开展高温底水物理模拟试验研究。模拟研究了热水驱和蒸汽驱、直井和水平井、注蒸汽温度、水平井井筒距底水距离条件下温度场的变化特征。实验研究结果表明,热采驱替方式、井型、水平井筒的位置、注蒸汽温度对底水稠油油藏热采时温度场的形成发育都有明显的影响。温度场的变化决定稠油油藏中油层被加热的范围,影响着底水稠油热采开发效果。利用高温底水物理模拟研究热采温度场的实验技术可为渤海底水稠油热采开发方案的制定提供技术支持,可推广应用在渤海底水稠油热采开发的研究中。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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