Fe含量对有序态Ni4Mo合金晶体结构及性能的作用

研究了Fe含量对有序态Ni_4Mo合金晶体结构及力学性能的作用,结果表明:当在有序态Ni_4Mo合金中添加的Fe含量小于10%时,合金的晶体结构仍为单相有序D1a结构;而当Fe含量为10%时, Ni_(70)Mo_(20)Fe_(10)合金的晶体结构变为单相有序面心立方结构;如果继续增加合金中的Fe含量,则在合金中析出了密排六方结构的第二相. Fe元素通过改变合金的晶体结构显著提高了有序态Ni_4Mo合金拉伸时的延伸率,有序态Ni_(70)Mo_(20)Fe_(10)合金在真空中的延伸率达到了30.9%,比有序态Ni_4Mo合金的延伸率提高了12倍. Fe合金化也有效降低了有序态Ni_4Mo合金在氢气环境中的脆性敏感性.     

合金元素Ti对Mo合金性能及组织结构的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备Ti含量为0.3%～1.0%的Mo-Ti合金.通过力学性能实验、光学显微镜观测和SEM分析,对Mo-Ti合金的性能和组织结构进行研究分析.结果表明,在Mo粉中添加TiH2所制备的合金比纯钼金属具有更好的拉伸性能,并且当Ti含量为0.8%时合金的力学性能最好;合金元素Ti除部分固溶到钼基体外,还在晶粒之间和晶粒内部生成(Mo, Ti)xOy弥散相,这些(Mo, Ti)xOy弥散相的生成,一方面净化了晶界氧,使晶粒之间的孔隙减少,同时也阻止晶粒在烧结时的晶粒长大,有利于合金性能的提高;但Ti添加量过多时,会使晶界之间产生过量的(Mo, Ti)xOy质点,使晶粒之间的结合能力减弱,对合金性能产生不利影响.     

Fe-P二元系机械合金化研究

采用机械合金化方法,用行星式高能球磨机对Fe基合金中的Fe100-xPx(x=5,10,17,25,33,50,67)二元合金系统进行机械合金化研究,用X射线衍射仪分析球磨后的合金粉末结构,并用扫描电子显微镜分析样品的形貌和粒度。结果表明,用机械合金化方法可使Fe和P在P的成份小于20at.%时产生固溶体,在P的成份大于20at.%时有相应的化合物FeP或Fe3P生成;Fe-P系统在球磨100h后平均有效晶粒尺寸约40nm,都达到了纳米量级;扫描电镜的形貌结果显示,粉末颗粒很细,但聚集成团。     

合金碳化物(Fe,Mo)_3C的磁性及磁致热力学性质

利用基于第一性原理的VASP软件计算钢中合金碳化物(Fe,Mo)_3C在0 K、0 Pa的磁矩和形成能,利用热力学平衡软件MTDATA计算合金碳化物(Fe,Mo)_3C的化学自由能改变量,利用Weiss分子场理论计算合金碳化物在12 T强磁场下的磁自由能改变量。结果表明,合金碳化物(Fe,Mo)_3C的磁矩主要来源于不同Wyckoff位置的Fe原子,8d位置的Fe原子对磁矩的影响比4c位置的Fe原子更大,而Mo原子会使合金碳化物的磁矩降低;合金碳化物Fe_2MoC、Mo_3C的形成能为负,表明这两种合金碳化物比Fe_3C和FeMo_2C更稳定;另外,Mo原子会降低合金碳化物(Fe,Mo)_3C化学自由能改变量,增大其磁自由能改变量。     

耐磨磁头材料的研究

研究了Fe—Ni—Si,Fe—Ni—Nb,Fe—Ni—Nb—Mo三个系列的合金,Fe—Ni—Si系列中的Ni86Si2Mo2Fe余合金经1150℃×3hr退火,以150°/hr冷却,580℃×2hr回火后μ_o=23100Gs/Oe,μ_m=23400Gs/Oe,Hc=0.023Oe Br=870Gs,Fe—Ni—Nb系列合金中Nb含量在9.73％时,经1250℃×3hr退火,以100℃/hr冷却,可获得μ_o=64000Gs/Oe,μ_m=450000Ge/Oe,Hc=0.0048Oe,ρ=79.3βΩ-cm,Hv>200,Fe—Ni—Nb—Mo系合金中的Ni78Mo2.5Nb9Fe余经1150℃×3hr退火,以100℃/hr冷却,可获得μ_o=3300Gs/Oe,μ_m=126500Gs/Oe,Hc=0.011 Oe,Hv=243,ρ=90μΩ～cm。     

曝气充氧对一体式A/O反应器好氧段去除硫化物效果的影响研究

含硫污废水经过厌氧处理会产生硫化物,如果以H2S的形式溢出,会与大气中的臭氧发生氧化反应形成酸雨,污染大气环境。为了降低污废水中的硫化物,本文在一体式A/O反应器好氧段进行曝气充氧去除硫化物试验,研究不同曝气量QAIR(1 m3/h、2m3/h、3m3/h)对污水中硫化物去除效果的影响,并考察硫化物的氧化效果。试验结果表明:硫化物去除率随着曝气量的增加而增大,硫化物的氧化效果随着曝气量的增加先增大后减小。在最佳曝气量2m3/h时,硫化物平均去除率为86%,硫酸盐平均生成率为32.7%,单质硫平均生成率为46.8%。     

无钴马氏体时效合金

对含铜无钴马氏体时效合金系列进行了研究。固溶处理时第2相Fe_2Mo完全溶解的温度不能低于950℃。含钼量为≤6％的合金,高温逆转奥氏体再结晶处理温度为950℃;含钼量大于6％的合金,再结晶处理的温度,随钼含量增加而提高。再结晶的光学显微组织呈长方块状,未再结晶的光学显微组织呈细条束状。540℃时效处理,主要沉淀相为Ni_3Mo和Fe_2Mo,前者为棒状,后者是圆点状。Fe-Ni15Mo6-Cu1-Ti合金,经950℃固溶和再结晶处理,540℃时效3h,常规力学性能相当于18Ni(250)的水平。     

Fe-C-MoS2/CuSn合金基复合材料的研究

应用粉末冶金技术制备了烧结Fe-C-MoS2/CuSn合金基减摩复合材料,对其组织结构和机械物理性能进行了研究.结果表明以CuSn合金为基体保证了材料的导电性.CuSn合金的强度大于混合同种金属元素烧结材料的强度.CuSn合金与Fe润湿性好,促进了烧结合金化,因而大幅度提高了材料的强度、硬度、冲击韧性.C以游离状态存在于基体中,其膨胀系数大于基体材料,起到了减摩作用.MoS2均匀分布在基体中,明显地起到了高温减摩作用.其中当Fe(质量分数)增加到15%时,冲击韧性达20.6 J/cm2,抗拉伸强度为163.2 MPa,布氏硬度为53.8,达到和超过了TB/T1842.1-2002电力机车粉末冶...     

Fe-Ni-Mo合金镀层表面化学状态及微观结构

在酸性柠檬酸盐-氯化物电解液中电沉积制备Fe-Ni-Mo合金,通过SEM、XRD及XPS对合金表面形貌、微观结构及表面化学状态进行分析,结果表明:合金镀层表面平整,结构致密,无孔洞及裂纹;Fe-Ni-Mo合金属于纳米晶,面心立方结构,呈现较强的(111)晶面择优取向;Mo原子是以取代原子的方式进入FeNi固溶体,形成置换固溶体。XPS分析表明合金镀层表面Ni和Fe元素以金属单质状态存在,Mo元素则以单质Mo、MoO2和MoO3三种化学状态存在。Mo3d结合能位移较大,说明Mo所处的化学环境发生了变化。     

第三组元(Al、Cu)添加对Fe_(83)Ga_(17)合金相结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响

通过非平衡凝固方式制备Fe83Ga17-xMx(x=0、1、2、3;M=Al、Cu)合金,并对合金的相组成及其磁致伸缩性能进行研究.结果表明:合金保持A2(bcc-Fe(Ga))相结构,Al、Cu均固溶于Fe-Ga合金,添加的Al优先存在于Ga-Ga团簇当中,并与Fe形成bcc结构的Fe-Al固溶体;随着添加量的增大,Cu从基体中析出,并在晶界处富集.Al和Cu均对Fe83Ga17合金磁致伸缩性能产生抑制作用,Cu的抑制作用要小于Al.对于Fe83Ga17-xAlx合金,当x=2时,饱和磁致伸缩值达到最大;添加Cu的试样中,当x=2、3时,饱和磁致伸缩值均达到最大.     

Solid FeS lubricant:a possible alternative to MoS2 for Cu-Fe-based friction materials

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is one of the most commonly used solid lubricants for Cu-Fe-based friction materials. Nevertheless, MoS₂ reacts with metal matrices to produce metal sulfides (e.g., FeS) and Mo during sintering, and the lubricity of the composite may be related to the generation of FeS. Herein, the use of FeS as an alternative to MoS₂ for producing Cu-Fe-based friction materials was investigated. According to the reaction principle of thermodynamics, two composites-one with MoS₂ (Fe-Cu-MoS₂ sample) and the other with FeS (FeS-Cu₂S-Cu-Fe-Mo sample), were prepared and their friction behaviors and mechanical properties were compared. The results showed that MoS₂ reacted with the Cu-Fe matrix to produce FeS, metallic ternary sulfides, and Mo when sintered at 1050℃. The MoS₂-Cu-Fe and FeS-Cu₂S-Cu-Fe-Mo samples thereby exhibited similar characteristics with respect to phase composition, density, hardness, and tribological behaviors. Micrographs of the worn surfaces revealed that the stable friction regime for both composites stemmed from the iron sulfides friction layers rather than from the molybdenum sulfides layers.     

Study on the passive film formed on 2205 stainless steel in acetic acid by AAS and XPS

The properties of the passive film formed on 2205 stainless steel in acetic acid at high temperature that contained chloride ions were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical polarization measurements. AAS results show that molybdenum is enriched on the surface as the passive film is dissolved. This enrichment decreases the corrosion resistance because it hinders chloride adsorption and Fe ion dissolution, and acts as a local pH buffer because it consumes protons. The dissolution ratio of Fe/Cr is approximately 10 during the active dissolution of the passive film. XPS results indicate that when the potential is in the passivation region, Cr comprises about 50% of the metal cations in the near-surface region of the passive film and is the main metal constituent in this region. When the polarization potential is much greater than the transpassivation potential, the Mo content accounts for approximately 45% of the metal cations in the nearurface region; Fe and Ni have no obvious influence on the formation, dissolution, or puncture of the passive film.     

Al_2O_3对钼合金组织与性能的影响

以二氧化钼和硝酸铝为原料,用液-固掺入法制备了Al2O3体积分数分别为3%、5%、7%和10%的钼合金。测定了混合钼粉的粒度、钼基体的显微硬度、钼合金的密度及磨损性能,用SEM观察了混合钼粉的形貌与钼合金的显微组织,用XRD分析了钼合金的相组成。结果表明:钼合金由Mo和Al2O3组成;随Al2O3体积分数增加,钼合金晶粒细化,钼基体显微硬度增加,钼合金密度先增加后减小;钼合金摩擦因数受Al2O3体积分数的影响较小,摩擦因数的值在0.47～0.57之间波动;随Al2O3体积分数增加,磨损量不断减少,磨损类型主要以滑动磨损为主,磨损表面有明显的犁沟和磨屑。     

铁粉表面硫化处理制备高密度Fe-Cu-C合金

突破常规铁基粉末合金的制备工艺,设计出一种制备高密度Fe-Cu-C合金的新工艺.通过对铁粉表面进行硫化处理,Fe与S反应合成FeS,均匀包覆在Fe粉颗粒表面,形成一层FeS润滑薄膜,有利于降低压制摩擦力.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、和场发射扫描电镜分析研究材料的物相、元素分布和显微组织.研究结果表明:包覆在铁粉颗粒表面的FeS薄膜,有利于提高压坯密度,活化烧结.当S质量分数为0.5%时,硫化处理的Fe-2Cu-0.8C合金的力学性能优异,压坯密度7.31 g·cm-3,硬度78.6 HRB,抗拉强度485 MPa;当S质量分数达到0.8%时,多余的FeS占压制体积分数,导致试样的压坯密度降低,力学性能降低.     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

自蔓延法制备铬铁合金

以Cr2O3,Fe2O3,Al为实验原料,采用自蔓延法制备铬铁合金,采用XRD技术对铬铁合金进行表征。研究结果表明:通过热力学计算,反应一经引发能够自我维持进行,加入硝酸钠作发热剂来补充热量,可以使铬铁合金熔体与熔渣更好地分离;制得的合金主要由Cr-Fe,Al2O3和Na2O等相组成。铬铁合金中铬的质量分数≥60%,相应的铁的质量分数≤35%,熔体中的熔渣(Al2O3和Na2O等)质量分数≤5%。     

从碱性炼铋渣中选择性浸出钠盐和钼

采用常温和较高温分阶段浸出铋精矿低温碱性熔炼渣.研究结果表明:Na2S2O3和Mo主要进入常温浸出液中,而Na2CO3主要进入热浸液中.在温度为300K,液固比为0.75及时间为1h的条件下,进行两段逆流循环浸出后,Mo和Na2S2O3的浸出率分别为82.28％和75.03％,而Na2CO3的浸出率仅为33.13％;常温浸液中n(S2O32-)/n(CO32-)为1.97,实现了Na2S2O3和Na2CO3的初步分离;在温度为313～363 K,液固比不小于l,时间为lh的条件下进行热水浸出,Na2CO3,Na2S2O3及Mo的热浸率分别为94.0％,94.3％和69.0％;它们的两段总浸出率分别为95.99％,98.58％及94.51％.     

Regulating microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Fe-Ni alloys

Mechanical properties of Al-Fe-Ni eutectic alloys have been investigated based on the nominal mass fraction of eutectic phase,and the added Fe/Ni mass ratio.The X-Ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope have been used to identify phase composition,characterize microstructure and crystal structure of Al_9FeNi phase,respectively.The results demonstrate that the nominal mass fraction of eutectic phase control the presence of primary phase.The tensile strength slightly increases,and the ductility deteriorates sharply as the volume fraction of primary phase increases.The Fe/Ni mass ratio has the profound effect on the microstructures(i.e.,size and shape) of primary phase.When the Fe/Ni ratio is approaching to 1,the primary phase becomes rod-like shape,which can enhance the ductility of alloys over the flake-like phase.The increasing cooling rate can effectively reduce the eutectic grains size and primary phase fraction,and further significantly improve mechanical properties of the alloys.     

含钼铜精矿氧化焙烧-浸出分离钼研究

四川攀西地区的含钼铜精矿中,由于钼、铜矿物组成复杂,共生关系紧密,提出了氧化焙烧-浸出工艺进一步分离钼。将试样置入焙烧炉中进行氧化焙烧,使硫化物转化为CuO、MoO3、Fe2O3等氧化物后;添加NaOH、H2O与MoO3反应生成可溶性Na2MoO4,浸出渣作为铜精矿产品。研究结果表明:铜、钼等以氧化物形式赋存于焙烧矿中,氧化焙烧矿中的硫含量较低为0.53%,硫以SO2气相形式挥发;在焙烧温度650℃、焙烧时间120 min、氢氧化钠用量为30%、浸出温度60℃、浸出时间120min、浸出液固比2∶1的综合条件下,钼的浸出率为94.24%,铜精矿(浸出渣)中铜的质量分数为24.27%,钼分离效果明显。     

Al-Cr中间合金在熔融Al-Zn-Mg-Si-Fe镀液中的扩散反应研究

以Al-Cr中间合金锭和熔融Al-Zn-Mg-Si-Fe镀液为研究对象,研究了Al-Cr中间合金锭浸入含不同质量分数Fe的630 ℃熔融镀液15 h的扩散反应。使用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪分析了扩散前后Al-Cr中间合金锭组织和成分的变化,同时研究了镀液中Fe质量分数对Cr溶解度的影响。研究发现,随着镀液中的Zn、Mg、Si、Fe长时间向Al-Cr锭内部扩散,Al-Cr锭中原有的Al基体的组织转变成了与镀液成分相近的组织,原有的富Cr第二相转变成了Al-Cr-Zn-Si相和Al-(Fe, Cr)-Si相。随着Al-Cr锭中的Cr向镀液扩散,镀液中Cr质量分数升高,并在5 h后达到饱和。由于Cr和Al、Fe、Si优先形成了Al-(Fe, Cr)-Si金属间化合物,因此镀液中的Fe显著降低了Cr元素的饱和溶解度,当镀液Fe质量分数由0.10%增加至0.42%时,镀液中Cr质量分数由0.047%～0.059%减少至0.012%～0.016%。