对北祁连中段皇城一带蛇绿岩的初步认识

北祁连造山带是我国蛇绿岩保存较为完整的地区,空间分布有南北两个带,南带西自鹰嘴山经川刺沟至白银,发育寒武纪末—早奥陶世洋脊环境蛇绿岩,北带自昌马经民乐童子坝至景泰老虎山,以奥陶世蛇绿岩为主。在野外地质调查的基础上,对北祁连中段皇城南直河一带发育的蛇绿岩地质特征、火山岩组合及其成矿特征提出初步认识,以引起对该区地质研究和勘查找矿的关注。     

北祁连西段大雪山岩体的地球化学特征及构造意义

大雪山岩体为北祁连西段华力西早期形成的花岗岩体,其岩石类型为中粒黑云母钾长花岗岩、粗粒黑云母钾长花岗岩、似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩。为高钾钙碱性岩系,具有高钾、高铝、低钛的特点;REE分布模式为弱的Eu异常;R1-R2图解中位于造山后区域。岩体的同位素锆石U-Pb年龄为352.2Ma,代表其形成时代为晚泥盆世。综合分析认为,该深成岩体是造山后侵入形成的。     

南祁连盆地三叠系烃源岩有机地球化学特征

通过系统的野外剖面测量和样品采集, 并运用岩石热解、有机碳测试、干酪根分析、镜质体反射率、饱和烃气相色谱、透射光照射等技术进行室内样品测试, 综合评价了南祁连盆地三叠系碳酸盐岩和泥岩露头样品的有机质丰度、类型和成熟度, 探讨了有机质的原始沉积环境和生源特征。结果表明: 尕勒得寺组(T₃g)属于好烃源岩, 有机质类型为Ⅰ~Ⅱ型, 大加连组(T₂d)为Ⅱ~Ⅲ型; 有机质演化程度高, 处于高?过成熟阶段; 碳酸盐岩和泥质岩沉积环境分别为海陆过渡相和陆源为主; 碳酸盐岩与泥岩有机质生源分别为生物降解的水生生物和陆生生物。     

北秦岭—桐柏蛇绿岩套的地球化学和构造背景

本文提供北秦岭—桐柏加里东构造—岩浆带中蛇绿岩套的地层层序,岩石化学和地球化学资料,并讨论其形成的构造背景。该蛇绿岩套地层层序自下向上可分为六个单元:(1) 构造定位的超镁铁岩带;(2) 第一期细碧—角斑岩系;(3) 硅质岩;(4) 复理石建造;(5) 第二期细碧—角斑岩系;(6) 火山沉积岩系。岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学及稀土模式特征均表明该岩套是在加里东优地槽——弧后盆地中形成的;火山—沉积岩系是“原地”成因的。华北和华南两古板块之间曾长期存在古海洋,并在海西期实现拼贴对接和古大洋的消失。     

北祁连西段熬油沟——-二只哈拉达坂蛇绿岩的形成环境和时代

熬油沟蛇绿岩是北祁连造山带西段最具代表性的蛇绿岩残片之一。运用SHRIMPⅡ锆石U-Pb法, 对北祁连造山带西段的熬油沟和二只哈拉达坂两地出露的细粒辉长岩和粒玄岩进行了精确同位素测年。采自熬油沟剖面的细粒辉长岩样品 ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄数据分布在一个很小的范围(490~508 Ma), 其加权平均年龄为501±4 Ma (MSWD=1.09); 采自二只哈拉剖面的粒玄岩样品年龄值稍小, ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为495±4 Ma (MSWD=0.98)。结合详细的野外调查、矿物化学和地球化学研究, 认为熬油沟?二只哈拉达坂蛇绿岩构造破坏严重, 其中基性岩浆岩代表早?中寒武世的北祁连洋壳。与新元古界朱龙关群碳酸盐岩和砂泥岩整合产出 的玄武岩不能作为蛇绿岩的喷出岩系列, 而有可能是震旦纪的大陆溢流玄武岩, 代表新元古代全球Rodinia大陆裂解的岩浆产物。     

北祁连东段西、南华山中酸性侵入岩地球化学特征

北祁连东段西、南华山中酸性侵入岩以花岗岩和花岗闪长岩为主,SiO2质量分数在66.23%~77.13%之间,具有钙碱系列的岩石组合特征和地球化学特征.微量元素Pb、Sr和La明显富集,Cs、Nb、Ti等元素呈现不同程度亏损,显示混合源岩浆的特征.∑REE的质量分数为(100.80~121.03)×10-6,低于世界酸性岩平均值.稀土配分模式呈右倾型,δEu=0.31~0.33,有负Eu异常,与北秦岭加里东期岛弧型花岗岩地球化学特征相似.中酸性岩体总体表现为壳幔混合型岩浆结晶分异的产物,反映北祁连地区中奥陶世末处于具沟-弧-盆体系的俯冲背景.     

甘肃省北祁连地区北大坂岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

北大坂花岗岩体位于北祁连中东段,为了精确测定岩体形成年代,对岩体中的浅灰黑色中粗粒英云闪长岩锆石进行了阴极发光(CL)成像观察,并利用LA-MC-ICP-MS对锆石进行微区U-Pb同位素测年。锆石的加权平均年龄为(447. 2±2. 4) Ma,表明其属于晚奥陶世岩浆活动产物。岩石地球化学数据分析表明,浅灰黑色中粗粒英云闪长岩为准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,轻、重稀土元素分馏较为明显,显示出了I型花岗岩的特征。样品在构造判别图上均落入后碰撞花岗岩区域,结合区域上其它花岗岩体形成的构造环境研究,反映了北大坂岩体形成于北祁连洋壳的北向俯冲作用导致的北祁连岛弧与阿拉善地块碰撞期结束后的构造环境,暗示着北祁连洋在奥陶世晚期已经闭合。     

甘肃南祁连奥陶纪火山岩演化的地球化学证据

甘肃南祁连早古生代火山岩研究对该区构造体制与构造演化的构筑起着举足轻重的作用。地球化学研究表明该火山岩具有岛弧和大陆边缘"玄武岩-安山岩"组合的火山岩特征。其岩浆主要来源于上地幔,由部分熔融作用主导,经混合作用改造最终分异演化而成。     

Forming age and tectono-petrogenises of the Jiugequan ophiolite in the North Qilian Mountain, NW China

The Jiugequan ophiolite is one of the representative ophiolite fragments in the Early Paleozoic orogenic belt of the North Qilian Mountain. It has been drawn much attention and extensively studied in recent years. In this study, ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb dating was carried out for zircons from isotropic gabbro from the Jiugequan ophiolite. Eighteen analyses yield a relatively consistent apparent ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages from 480 to 508 Ma with a weighted mean age of 490±5 Ma (MSWD=1.06), which is believed to be the crystallization age of the gabbro and thus the forming age of the Jiugequan ophiolite. Major and trace element geochemical study indicates that the diabase-basalts from the Jiugequan ophiolite have N-MORB and E-MORB characteristics with some subduction-related signatures. The petrological, geochemical and chronological data enable us to conclude that the Jiugequan ophiolite is most likely to be formed at a spreading center of back-arc basin during the early Ordovician, while the ancient Qilian oceanic plate subducted northwards. The acquisition of forming age and determination of tectonic setting for Jiugequan ophiolite provide significant constraints on the evolution of intra-oceanic subduction system in the North Qilian orogenic belt during the Early Paleozoic era.     

Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP ages of eclogites from the North Qilian Mountains in NW China and their tectonic implication

TheNorthQilianMountainsattheboundarybe-tweenGansuandQinghaiProvincesareafamousCaledo-nianplatesuturezoneinthenorthwesternChina.Thissuturezoneis80to100kmwideandextendsintheNWdirectionparalleltotheNorthQaidamUHPbeltinthesouth[1,2].Itconsistspredominantlyofophiolite,island-arccomplexandhigh-presuremetamorphicrocks[38],andshowstypicalfeaturesofPacific-type[9](orB-type)sub-ductionzone.Spatially,thehigh-pressurerockscanbesubdividedintohigh-gradeblueschistbeltandlow-gradeblueschistbelt[5,6].Th…     

北祁连山变质杂岩中榍石的结构演化及稳定性研究

作为固化放射性元素的备选矿物榍石赋存于结晶岩中,其稳定性对于核废物固化体的安全性评估意义重大。在利用XRD和EDS等手段对北祁连山变质杂岩体中的副矿物榍石的研究中发现,榍石含有3．46％的锶和铯、0．80％的铀以及其它杂质元素,虽经历了约775Ma的地质演化和所含放射性元素的衰变作用,但晶体形态保存完好,晶体结构几乎没有变化,晶胞参数仅发生了极小的变化,△a=-0．0009nm、△b=0．0018nm、△c=0．0002nm、△β=-0．10°,结晶度仍高达99．27％,表明其稳定性满足百万年尺度的安全性要求。     

北祁连山东段瞭高山构造拼贴体的发现及其意义

瞭高山构造拼贴体的发现对于确定祁连造山带东段中祁连地块北部边界有重大意义.该拼贴体由奥陶系火山岩、大理岩和中晚元古代皋兰岩群绢云石英片岩、变杂砂岩、千枚岩等不同时代地层块体拼贴而成,形成于新元古代末-早古生代.整体成层无序,韧性剪切变形强烈.其变形序列特征反映早期正向逆冲,晚期压剪平移-正向伸展的造山拼贴过程.     

The Dongcaohe ophiolite from the North Qilian Mountains： A fossil oceanic crust of the Paleo-Qilian ocean

The Dongcaohe ophiolite, located at the south of the North Qilian subduction complexes, is a tectonic block with an exposed area of about 3 km×6 km. It consists of an intrusive section overlain by an ex- trusive section. The lower part of the intrusive section consists of cyclic layers of cumulate dunites, troctolites, anorthosites, anorthositic gabbros, and gabbros with small discordant dunite and troctolite bodies. This layered sequence grades upward to isotropic gabbros and gabbronorites, which are overlain by the extrusive sequence of diabasic sheeted dikes and basaltic lavas. The overall mineral crystallization sequence was olivine±Cr-spinel, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and Fe-Ti oxides. The Cr-spinel (Mg#: 42-66, Cr#: 41-57) in these layered cumulates and present-day abyssal peridotites have similar compositions. Also, the compositional variations of the plagioclase and cli- nopyroxene in the intrusive section reflect crystallization from melts compositionally similar to the present-day ocean basalts. Moreover, the rare earth element (REE) and multi-element distribution pat- terns of the intrusive and extrusive lithologies in the Dongcaohe ophiolite are consistent with crystal- lization of mid-ocean ridge basalts. The zircon grains separated from the gabbronorite have an SHRIMP average 206Pb/238U weighted age of 497 ± 7 Ma, which is considered as the tectonic emplacement age of the Dongcaohe ophiolite. The field occurrence, mineral and whole-rock compositions indicate that the Dongcaohe ophiolite represents a well-persevered oceanic crustal fragment composed of a complete oceanic crustal section of layered cumulates at bottom upgrading through isotropic cumulates to sheeted dikes and lava flows.     

北祁连山含镁纤柱石高压泥质岩及其对古大洋俯冲的意义

北祁连山发育有缝合带是一条典型的早古生代大洋型俯冲带。针对该缝合带中首次发现的含镁纤柱石高压泥质片岩进行了详细的岩石学和矿物学研究。根据平衡矿物组合,利用THERMORCAL(V3.23)计算出镁纤柱石+石榴石+硬绿泥石+多硅白云母组合稳定的温压条件为P=2.2～2.5GPa,T=530～580℃。利用纤柱石和硬绿泥石的稳定范围,确定了北祁连山早古生代大洋冷俯冲的地热梯度的范围为6.5～7.5℃/km。该研究结果对于了解早古生代时期大洋俯冲带的热结构及其高压变质岩石的脱水过程有重要意义。     

Petrogenesis of Aoyougou high-silica adakite in the North Qilian orogen, NW China: Evidence for decompression melting of oceanic slab

A trondhjemitic body occurs in the Aoyougou area,the western part of the North Qilian orogen.It is geochemically characterized by high SiO 2,Na 2 O (high Na/K),elevated Sr/Y and (La/Yb) N,positive Sr anomaly,relatively enriched large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs),and depleted Nb,Ta,Ti,resembling the high-silica adakite.Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP dating yields a weighted mean age of 438±3 Ma.This age is significantly younger than eclogitization ages of 460-490 Ma in the North Qilian orogen,suggesting that formation of the adakite postdates the subduction of oceanic crust in association with closure of the ancient Qilian Ocean.Whole-rock Sr and Nd isotopic analyses give initial ratios of I Sr =0.7044 0.7047 and Nd (t)=3.0 4.1,indicating that they are derived from partial melting of the juvenile oceanic crust.In view of the tectonic evolution of the North Qilian orogen,the high-silica adakite was probably derived from decompression melting of the exhumed eclogite at the depth of ～60 km.